marine cargo handling system and machines
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Marine cargo handling and management Samridhi gupta Vikash tripathi Abhishek thakur Vijay jaglan hemant singh (bba lm)
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Transcript of marine cargo handling system and machines
Marine cargo handling and management
Samridhi guptaVikash tripathi
Abhishek thakurVijay jaglan
hemant singh(bba lm)
2
Introduction
Many ships today, such as large containerships or bulk carriers, rely entirely on shoreside cargo handling equipment to load and discharge their cargo. But many types of ship are still equipped with systems which, in cargo-handling terms, provide self-sufficiency.
A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers play the world's seas and oceans each year, handling the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are usually specially designed for the task, often being equipped with cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload, and come in all sizes.
Marine cargo- its means the goods and containers which is imported or exported by ships in inland water ways or oceans through national or international borders. And its handling and management is done by any private port company or government also. Its whole responsibilities is on the government and port authorities or companies.
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Ports on the U.S. West, East, and Gulf Coasts include both public facilities governed by port authorities and privately held terminals. Companies employ stevedores or longshoremen to load and unload break-bulk, bulk, or container ships. Most of these workers belong to a longshoremen's union. The goals of these unions are to preserve longshore employment and to raise the wages of members. The West Coast trade has represented about 50 percent of the total containerized waterborne trade in the United States, supported by high-growth markets in the Asia-Pacific region.
MAIN FEATURES & OPERATIONS OF PORTS:Ports reflect national heritage, local commercial attitudes, practices, and laws that differ widely between nations.
Ports require long-term, expensive, and specialized investments and resources that represent a substantial chunk of national economy.
Ports are large civil engineering undertakings and a collection of activities entailing huge sunk costs.
Ports provide ship/shore intermodal interface.
The advent of intermodalism has caused ports to compete for cargoes. This has jolted businesses to increase port efficiency and value-added activities in recent years.
Value-added activities range from cargo loading and discharging, industrial services in ports, combining and separating cargoes, up-to-date information on inventory and cargo
movements, stuffing/de-stuffing containers, loading cargo in crates and crates on pallets,shrink-wrapping, labeling, weighing, repackaging.
Operational functions:Facilitating arrival and departure of shipsProviding navigational aids and Vessel Traffic Separation (VTS) facilities
Pilotage, tugging and mooring activitiesUse of berths, sheds, etcLoading, discharging, storage and distribution of cargo
Facilitating supply chain logistics and management
Ports form a vital aspect of the national transport infrastructure.
Ports form the main transport link with their international trading partners and are a focal point for national and regional motorways and railways.
Ports are a blessing for national prosperity – they provide a gateway for trade and attract commercial infrastructure such as banks, shipping agencies, freight forwarders, stevedores, etc.
Ports create a hustle and bustle of industrial activity.
Ports are places where foreign cultures and ideas influence a nation.
Ports are a focal point with shallow waters where ships converge thereby making them vulnerable to maritime accidents.
Ports are places where valuables are concentrated and where cargo can be damaged or stolen during handling.
Ports are places where repairs and/or planned maintenance is carried out on ships.
Ports are places where costly delays can occur, ships are surveyed, most shipping services – agents, brokers, etc are located, cargoes come from, and customs and government policies are implemented.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PORTSHub, center or mega port – a major port dealing with international trade. Example: Rotterdam in The Netherlands.
Feeder port – to feed and distribute cargo from major ports. Example: Port Riga in Latvia provides feeder service to Hamburg in Germany.
Entrepot or transit port – serves as a transit port. Example: Batumi seaport in Georgia is a transit port for Kazakh and Azerbaijan.
Domestic port – provides a natural outlet for surrounding hinterland. Example: Jafarabad port in India.
Ports last longer than ships and this requires the port management to avoid any costly blunders.
Ports are classified according to their ownership or administration. Basic types are:State owned portsAutonomous portsMunicipal owned portsPrivate owned ports
There is an impetus to increase private ownership of ports.
PORT MANAGEMENT
Ports are governed by various types of boards such as
Representative Board – consisting of persons representing interests concerned with port operation
Board of Experts – consisting of members with proven expertise
Two Tier Boards – consisting of one tier to run the port on day-to-day basis and other tier to plan and implement major policies
Port management aims to:Operate with overall cost-leadership
Minimize user payment by ensuring quick ship turnover in port
Minimize through-transport costsMinimize port costs
Maximize benefitsTo port ownersTo the town, region or nation
Generate employment
Thank you!!!
