Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator (LCHS) MODELS · PDF fileLiquid Cargo Handling Simulator...

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T ECHNICAL D ESCRIPTION Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator (LCHS) MODELS MPRI Simulations Group 2961 W. California Ave Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA Phone 801 983 9900 Fax 801 983 9901 www.wise-itms.com 08-M-LCHSMODS

Transcript of Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator (LCHS) MODELS · PDF fileLiquid Cargo Handling Simulator...

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T E C H N I C A L D E S C R I P T I O N

Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator (LCHS)

MODELS

MPRI Simulations Group 2961 W. California Ave Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA

Phone 801 983 9900 Fax 801 983 9901

www.wise-itms.com

08-M-LCHSMODS

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NOTICE: This proposal contains data and information proprietary to MPRI, a division of L-3 Services, Inc. that are maintained as trade secrets that are not to be disclosed to third parties without MPRI’s approval. This data and information shall not be duplicated, used, or disclosed – in whole or in part – for any purpose. The data and information subject to this restriction are contained in all pages and this Notice shall be applicable to all such contained data and information as if

Prepared by:

MPRI Simulations Group a subsidiary of MPRI, an L-3 Communications company 2961 W. California Ave Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA www.wise-itms.com

Publication ID: 08-M-LCHSMODS

Date: April 2008

T E C H N I C A L D E S C R I P T I O N

Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator (LCHS) - Models

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Table of Contents Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator Model Software .......... 4 

Overview ................................................................... 4 

Modeling Techniques ................................................ 4 

Lchs Model Library .......................................................... 7 

Models – Description....................................................... 9 

Chemical Tankers ..................................................... 9 

Type 1 Chemical Tanker ........................................... 9 

Summary ............................................................ 9 

Detailed description (Chemical Tanker) ........... 10 

Student Displays .............................................. 13 

Crude Oil / Products / Chemical Parcel Tanker (New 2008) 14 

Oil Tankers .............................................................. 16 

Crude Oil / Products Carrier ................................... 16 

Summary .......................................................... 16 

Detailed description .......................................... 17 

Oil Grades ........................................................ 19 

Student Displays .............................................. 19 

VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) .......................... 21 

Summary .......................................................... 21 

Detailed description .......................................... 21 

Oil Grades ........................................................ 23 

Student Displays .............................................. 23 

LNG Carriers .......................................................... 25 

Link to LNG Steam Plant Simulator ................. 25 

LNG Carrier (Spherical Containment) .................... 25 

Summary .......................................................... 25 

LNG Carrier (Membrane Containment) .................. 26 

Summary .......................................................... 26 

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Detailed description (LNG Carriers) ................. 27 

Student Displays (Spherical) ............................ 29 

Student Displays (Membrane) .......................... 31 

LPG Carrier ............................................................ 33 

Summary .......................................................... 33 

Detailed description (LPG Carrier) ................... 34 

New LPG Carrier .................................................... 38 

Supplementary models available ........................... 39 

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Facility (FPSO) 39 

LPG Terminal .......................................................... 40 

Crude Oil Terminal .................................................. 40 

CargoMax Stress and Stability Program ....................... 42 

FURTHER INFORMATION ................................................. 44 

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Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator Model Software

Overview

To enable the Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator to be used to provide training in all aspects of the handling of bulk liquid cargoes the models used have to be capable of producing a very high degree or realism. This is achieved by the use of some very advanced mathematical modeling techniques for the physical and chemical properties, together with the behavior of the liquids and gases involved within any closed system.

The current models replicate the behavior of liquid and gas mixtures based on:

• Two vapor phases: This allows the modeling of the changing of atmospheres within a compartment along with the various changes that occur as a liquid is introduced into the environment.

• Multi-component liquid phase: This allows the detailed modeling of the full range of possible liquids and mixtures of liquids that are likely to be found within a complex system.

Each of the models currently available can be used to simulate the different grades and commodities of cargo likely to be encountered within such a system. If requested, any type of liquid or gas can be modeled if so required.

Modeling Techniques

To achieve a high level of simulation fidelity, the following attributes are considered:

Fluid Dynamics

Two main aspects are considered, namely "flowsetters" and "networks."

Flowsetters are variable devices which control liquid or gas flow, for example valves, pumps and compressors. Their characteristics are simulated including specific features such as heating by adiabatic compression and pump cavitations and over speed. The model establishes flow as a function of pressure differential, viscosity, and state of the flowsetter. Flow also carries composition and heat information, allowing changing contents such as composition, quantity and temperature to be modeled.

A network is a set of connected pressure nodes (junction of three or more flowsetters) which are normally liquid-filled although the simulation can deal with gas. The content, i.e., the mass of each node is therefore pre-determined.

Thermodynamics

SAfeCargo addresses both equilibrium and non-equilibrium aspects of cargo characteristics. Non-equilibrium is the normal situation while equilibrium is only attained after some time without inflow or outflow.

The simulation is based on vapor/liquid equilibrium for a multi-component, two-phase system. The pressure, temperature and liquid/vapor compositions are calculated using information on mass and enthalpy. The non-equilibrium situation is achieved by performing the calculations for a fraction of the tank contents.

The thermodynamic package also models the heat exchange through tank walls and dedicated heat exchangers.

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Tank Models

A "tank" is any container not full of liquid which is large compared to the inflow and outflow. Several types of tank are considered according to function and composition, and the resulting mass and heat balance is calculated.

Gas only tanks are never expected to contain liquid and consequently, the use of enthalpy, mass and composition information allows the calculation of temperature and pressure.

Segregated ballast tanks are open to atmosphere, hence vapor phase is ignored. Liquid mass is converted to volume, giving liquid levels.

Liquefied gas tanks are more complex due to the possibility of mass transfer between liquid and vapor phases. The model establishes the correct distribution, composition and temperature of each component, which allows calculation of the liquid and vapor volumes and the respective vapor pressure.

With particular reference to LNG this is modeled as a mixture of methane with small amounts of ethane and optionally propane (Nitrogen will also be included in future updates).

As an example at the initial stages of cooldown the rapid drop in temperature of the vapour caused by the introduction of the liquid via spraying will cause the vapour volume to initially decrease resulting in a drop in tank pressure. Once the vapour becomes saturated and equilibrium is established the vapour pressure within the tank will increase as more liquid is introduced. As the cooldown continues the tank contents are modeled by assuming that there is essentially a vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE). As the temperature within the vapour decreases the respective components within the vapour will condense into liquid at the respective temperature and pressure. The initial liquid phase will therefore comprise largely of propane. As cooldown continues the Ethane will condense and finally the Methane.

Any liquid sprayed into the vapour phase is included in the VLE.

During loading (liquid introduced into the liquid phase) and loaded voyage, the model is not assumed to be in equilibrium. Liquid and vapour phase gradually warm up (vapour more quickly than liquid) and a temperature gradient is established in the vapour phase. The liquid is assumed to be uniform in temperature throughout. Vapour will be almost pure methane. Boil-off is modeled by assuming VLE between the vapour phase and a small fraction of the liquid cargo (a thin top layer in contact with the vapour). The gradual pressure increase during loaded voyage is due to the combined effects of vapour temperature increase (gas law) and vapour mass increase (evaporation).

Oil cargo tanks present different problems. Liquid and vapor phases are treated separately but evaporation of any volatile component is also modeled. The immiscibility of oil and water is considered with the possibility of three phases, i.e., pure water, oil/water emulsion and pure oil being considered. For the gas phase, heat flow through the deck surface is also modeled resulting in an equivalent gas pressure.

As indicated previously the models calculate the vapour based on the possibility of up to two vapour phases occurring within a tank. In a tank that does not contain any liquid this allows the simulation of the changing of the tank atmosphere by use of the dilution (mixing) or displacement (piston effect) methods. The model calculates the situation based on the comparison of the densities between the gas already in the tank and that of the incoming gas, together with the location of where the gas is being introduced and the speed on entry. If entering the tank in the correct location relative to the density and

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stable conditions exist, displacement will be assumed, otherwise the resulting atmosphere will be a mixture.

In tanks which do contain liquid, two vapour phases may still be present. In particular on the oil tanker models it is possible to have a layer of inert gas over a hydrocarbon vapour layer on top of the oil cargo.

Specific Aspects

For each model there are certain specific features which cannot be generalized. These include tank and stability information, detailed plant logic and specific plant details.

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Lchs Model Library

The SAfeCargo model software is modular in format. This allows a customer to select as many different and specific ships, plants, and storage facility models as may be required at the time, with the knowledge that the number of models on the system can be added to or changed in the future without affecting the hardware or control software with the result that a new model is capable of being installed within a matter of minutes

Currently the model library consists of the following models which include all the controls, equipment, instrumentation and alarms normally associated with the facility or vessel modelled. Currently the standard library includes:

• Type 1 Chemical Tanker • Crude Oil / Products Tanker – double hull • Crude Oil / Products Terminal (inc. CoolSorption Vapor Recovery system) • Floating Production Storage and Off-Loading Facility (FPSO) • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier – Membrane containment (GTIII or NO96) • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier – Spherical containment • Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Carrier – Fully Refrigerated • Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Terminal (inc. Refrigerated and Pressurized storage) • Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) – single hull

Full details of the models and the ‘Cargomax’ stress and stability software that is included with all ship models is contained in the following sections.

New models

The development of the following models is currently in progress and all will be available during 2008. • Fully refrigerated LPG Carrrier including ‘direct cooled’ and Ethylene refrigeration

plants (Summer 2008) • ‘Qflex’ LNG Carrier equipped with reliquefaction system (Spring 2008) • Engine Room Waste Oil Management System (Spring 2008) • 32,000 dwt Crude Oil / Products / Chemical Tanker (Summer 2008) Model upgrades

Once initially developed all the models are continuously upgraded based on feedback received from clients. When such upgrades are made all clients, are notified and provision is made for them to download and install the appropriate files from our secure server.

Future Models

On completion of the above MPRI will also be developing the following models which will be available in 2009.

• LNG Carrier with DFDE propulsion • LNG Terminal including export and import plus re-gasification facilities

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MPRI also offer the service to develop ship or installation specific models for clients. On average a new model can be completed with 5 - 7mths depending upon the complexity of the systems involved. Units of Measurement

The model calculations are based throughout on the use of absolute units of measurement (oK and BarA). However the units of measurement used on the displays for each model are those used on board the vessel upon which the model is based. In all cases ‘Metric units’ are the common format but the actual units used differs dependent on the vessel and trade. A facility to change the units between English and Metric for any of the models can be provided if requested. Actual units used for each model to be supplied are included within the relevant model description.

Model Operational Capability

All the models are designed to allow every operation that would normally be conducted on the real vessel to be carried out without limitation. Consequently, if time allows it is possible to start the model from a completely empty ‘dry dock’ condition and then proceed through each operation as would be required to be conducted on a complete dry dock to dry dock voyage cycle non stop. The models also support the undertaking of all operations that may be required both to support general day to day activities and in dealing with appropriate emergency situations.

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Models – Description

Chemical Tankers

Type 1 Chemical Tanker

Summary

The model is based upon a 19,000 dwt 1998 built Type 1 Chemical Tanker equipped with fully segregated cargo tanks and pipelines allowing the vessel to load, transport, and discharge multiple parcels with complete segregation.

Principle dimensions of the vessel:

Length O.A.: 148.4m Breadth: 23.0m Sum Dr: 9.95m Disp.: 22,530TM

The model is comprised of the following:

• Cargo planning module • Thirty four main cargo tanks of stainless steel construction • One slop tank in addition to the 34 tanks which all may be used as a slop if required • Fully segregated main cargo and stripping pipeline systems including individual cargo

manifolds • Individual hydraulic cargo pumps and hydraulic supply system • Fresh water cargo heating system • Thermal oil cargo heating system • Primary thermal oil heating system • Stripping system • Nitrogen generator and supply system • Cargo venting and vapor recovery system • Fresh and sea water tank washing systems including fully programmable washing

machines • Portable gas detection for oxygen, %LEL, dewpoint, ppm chemicals

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• Portable gas freeing fans • Thirteen segregated ballast tanks • Two hydraulic ballast pumps • One ballast stripping eductor • Underwater cargo discharge The model is capable of simulating the physical behavior of more than 150 different chemical cargoes. Up to thirty-four of these are pre-defined by the instructor at the time of use for each exercise. Adding the required data for new cargoes required for exercises can be achieved using a simple process.

The model represents all the controls, equipment, machinery, instrumentation, alarms and shutdowns associated with this type of vessel related to the carriage of chemicals. Specific additional details include:

• Checking for correct cargo segregation • Implementation of all cargo operating requirements during loading/unloading • Detailed tank atmosphere model for all chemical cargoes including the effects of

cargo mixing

Detailed description (Chemical Tanker)

Units of Measurement:

Temperature = oC (degrees Celsius) Cargo Pressure = bar Equipment pressures = bar

Cargo System - Each cargo tank is equipped with its own hydraulic cargo pump, cargo heater(s) and the associated main and stripping cargo pipelines. Tanks can be interconnected if required via connections provided at the cargo manifold. Connections to over side are also included.

Controls for the cargo pumps operate in the same way as real systems. A hydraulic supply system is provided which supplied both the cargo pumps and the two ballast pumps. A Nitrogen supply for use during stripping operations is also provided. Indicators allow the monitoring of cargo parameters including temperature at three levels, tank pressure and the liquid level.

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Cargo Planning - The planning of cargo operations on Chemical Tankers is one of the most complex aspects which have to be considered. A cargo arrangement planning tool is provided to assist in this process.

The tools allows the operator to select a particular tank and then place a selected cargo into that tank. If the cargo is incompatible with the cargo, or ballast in an adjacent tank, an alarm will be indicated. Similarly if a cargo is required by IMO regulations only to be carried in the centre tanks, and is selected for use in a wing tank and alarm will be shown. Once an acceptable cargo arrangement plan has been decided it is selected, which automatically assigns the relevant cargo to the appropriate tank manifold avoiding the need for the instructor to set up each manifold individually.

A simple cargo selection module is provided for the instructor to allow them to quickly define which cargoes will appear in the cargo list within the tool and be subsequently used the model.

Ventilation System - Each cargo tank is fitted with individual pressure relief devices. Eight tanks are equipped with the ability to adjust the settings of these devices to suit the carriage of cargoes with a high vapour pressure.

Connecting pipelines allow the tanks to be interconnected or vented via one of the six vapour manifolds. All tanks can be maintained fully segregated if required.

Cargo Heating - The vessel is equipped with two means of heating the cargo within the tanks, fresh water or thermal oil. All the heaters are mounted on deck and supplied from the engine room.

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The main heating for both cargo systems is supplied by a primary thermal oil circuit. The operator can adjust the amount of heating or cooling supplied by opening or closing the various auxiliary heaters and coolers. The instructor can define the amount of heat each heater will provide.

Operation of either heating circuit will have a corresponding effect on the cargo temperature and the flow and temperature of the heating medium.

Tank Cleaning - The cargo tanks are able to be washed using fresh or sea water. A heater is also provided if hot water is required.

Each tank is equipped with an appropriate number of programmable fixed washing machines. The operator may program the machines with respect to the pitch and the min and max angle of operation. Water is supplied by the use of electric pumps and facilities allow the supply of fresh water from the FW tanks to be topped up.

To gas free portable fans are provided on each tank. Fans can be adjusted to cater for ventilation either from top or bottom of the tank and hence allow for displacement or dilution methods to be used.

Gas Detection facilities for oxygen, %LEL, dewpoint and ppm of cargoes are also provided for each cargo tank.

Ballast System - A ballast system comprising 13 fully segregated tanks is included. System is supplied by two hydraulically operated pumps and is also equipped with a stripping eductor. Whilst operations are in progress the operator can monitor the effects on the trim and stability of the vessel together with all the tank conditions.

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Student Displays

Status Visual representation of cargo and ballast tank levels Draughts and trim information Indicators for equipment External parameters (Speed, Wind speed & direction, Air temperature, Barometric pressure) General parameters (Power, Hydraulic pressure)

Cargo Planning Cargo Planning Tool which will assist an operator in deciding a correct cargo distribution based on the compatibility between cargoes and the surronding ballast. When planning completed , system automatically sets up the appropriate manifolds with the designated cargo.

Gas Detection O2 Analyser, Explosimeter, and Dewpoint Instruments Zero and spanning facilities Sample points

Ballast System Segregated water ballast tanks and pipeline system Hydraulic ballast pumps and controls Stripping eductor

Cargo Heating System – Engine Room Primary Thermal Oil circuit including main and auxiliary heaters, electric circulating pumps and dump cooler Secondary Thermal oil circuit circulating pumps and heater Fresh water circulating pumps and heater Freash water supply and top up system

Cargo Heating System – Deck Layout of all cargo tanks showing Fresh water and Thermal Oil supply and return pipelines togther with location of respective heaters on each tank

Tank Washing Fresh Water and Sea Waater supply pipelines and pumps Fresh Wash Water heater Selection of cargo tanks fitted with 1, 2 or 3 programmable wash machines Wash machine program controls

Vent System – Fwd & Aft Nitrogen generator and supply pipeline to each cargo tank via cargo pump Nitrogen supply to tank tops Nitrogen supply and reducing valves from bottles Independent tank vent lines and vapour return headers Independent tank relief valves with adjustable settings where appriate Vapour manifolds

Cargo Tanks – One Heater & Two Heaters

Cargo tanks showing levels and alarms Main cargo pipelines Cargo manifold pipeline system Connection controls Cargo heater arrangements Cargo tank selection Hydraulic cargo pump controls

Fans In each tank controls to enable selection of fan to be used, whether to be sucking or blowing, together with location of inlet/outlet.

Hydraulic Power Pack Power pack and pump controls for all pumps Tank Levels Provides overall summary of levels in all tanks

Manual sounding controls Readouts for manual sounding and water cut for each tank

Manifolds Fore & Aft Manifold pipeline arrangement Shore connection facilities

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List of Snapshots Supplied

1) Empty Ship 2) Cargo Selection 3) Ballast Condition 4) Ready to N2 purge 1 & 2 5) Berthed Port Side, with cargo tanks under N2 6) In cargo planning mode 7) Planning complete 8) Loading tanks 1 & 6 9) Fully loaded 10) Discharging, Heating & Washing 21) Ex1 Familiarisation 22) Ex 3 Tank preparation 23) Ex 4 Start Loading 24) Ex 5 Loading stage 2 25) Ex 6 Topping off while loading 26) Ex 7 Loaded voyage – agitation 27) Ex 8 Start discharge and loading 28) Ex 9 Discharging and pre wash 29) Ex 10 Drain and strip 30) Ex 11 Washing ventilating and cooling 31) Ex 12 Discharge of slops to sea

Crude Oil / Products / Chemical Parcel Tanker (New 2008)

This model is due to be released Summer 2008. This model is based upon a modern, 32,000dwt Type 2, parcel tanker. The vessel is designed to be highly flexible able to carry and meet all the requirements applicable to Crude Oils, Refined Products and Type 2 Chemical Cargoes and hence provide all the facilities to meet all likely training requirements. All the requirements and regulations relating to the carriage of oils and dangerous chemicals will be incorporated as appropriate. The design of the cargo tanks, associated pipelines and equipment allows the vessel to load, transport, discharge and prepare for multiple parcels whilst maintaining complete segregation. The vessel is capable of carrying up to six fully segregated grades. The vessel is equipped with six sets (port & stbd) of cargo tanks, two slop tanks and a residual oil tank. In addition to various grades of crude oil and refined oil products, the model will allow for the simulation of in multiple different chemical cargoes to be included as the data becomes available.

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The following systems and equipment will be included in the new model:

• Cargo System o Cargo pipelines and Port, Stbd & Stern manifolds o 12 Cargo tanks + 2 Slop Tanks o Framo Hydraulic Pumps in each tank

• Steam heating in each tank • Slop management system including Oil Discharge Monitor for Cargo and Ballast • Inert Gas Supply System including generator and deck seal arrangements, and

supply to cargo and ballast tanks • Tank Ventilation System including ‘Vapor Emission Control’ and portable fans • Cargo Tank Washing System

o COW o Water Washing o Programmable wash machines

• Ballast System o Ballast pipelines o 15 Ballast Tanks o Two hydraulic ballast pumps and eductor

• Fixed and Portable Gas Detection Systems as appropriate • Hydraulic Power Pack System • Cargo Arrangement Planning Tool

The model will be supplied with a number of scenarios covering typical operations for such a vessel.

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Oil Tankers

Crude Oil / Products Carrier

The model is based upon a 165,000 dwt “Suezmax” type vessel equipped with fully segregated ballast tanks with a double hull design. The vessel incorporates all the latest requirements of MARPOL 73/78 for vessels of its type

Summary

Principle dimensions of the vessel:

Length O.A.: 264.0m Breadth: 46.0m Sum Dr: 15.85m 98.0% Vol: 166,555m3

The model comprises the following:

• Twelve main cargo tanks • Two slop tanks and one residual oil tank • Three segregated pipeline systems • Three steam centrifugal cargo pumps each equipped with an automatic, vacuum

type, cargo stripping system • Two stripping eductors • One steam reciprocating stripping pump • Main Inert Gas plant (flue type) and distribution system • Top-up inert gas generator • Vapor recovery • Crude Oil Washing system comprising programmable and bottom mounted machines • Cargo steam heating system • Fixed gas detection system • Portable gas detection for oxygen, %LEL and % Volume of hydrocarbons, ppm • Hydrogen Sulphide detection • Fourteen segregated ballast tanks • Two electric driven ballast pumps • One ballast stripping eductor • Oily water discharge monitor

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• The model is capable of simulating the behavior of numerous grades of crude oil and petroleum products. These may be pre-defined or defined by the instructor at the time of use.

The model represents all the controls, equipment, machinery, instrumentation, alarms and shutdowns associated with this type of vessel.

Detailed description

Units of Measurement:

Temperature = degrees Celsius Cargo Pressure = mm/wg (millimeteres water gauge) Equipment pressures = Bar

Cargo System - The cargo system allows three or twelve grades to be loaded and carried in a completely segregated condition. The tanks are grouped and connected to one of three cargo mains. Each cargo tank is equipped with one main and one stripping suction. The operator is provided with complete control over the line-up used. Restrictions on the movement of spool pieces or valves are applied as would be required in real life. Tanks levels can be displayed in soundings or ullages depending upon the preference of the operator.

The vessel is equipped with three steam turbine driven main cargo pumps. Each pump can be operated manually but they are also equipped with an automatic stripping system which controls the pump speed subject to the conditions of the vacuum system, suction box and discharge valve.

A full steam supply system is provided. The operator may select the required steam supply pressure from the boilers for the cargo pumps or cargo heating system. The resulting load on boilers will in turn affect the oxygen content achieved within the supplied Inert Gas.

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Inert Gas / Ventilation System - The vessel is equipped with a standard flue gas Inert Gas plant with two 100% blowers. A topup IG Generator is also provided for the supply of small quantities of IG. The deck seal is of the semi-dry type and supply lines are provided to deck, cargo lines, ballast system and pumproom. All the standard interlocks and alarms for such a plant are incorporated.

As well as equipped with the standard equipment for the supply and maintenance of an inert atmosphere the deck supply system is also equipped with manifold connections for the use of ‘Vapour Recovery’. Facilities allow the operator to set the pressure to be maintained within the vessel. The provision of upper and lower purge pipes within the cargo tanks allow atmosphere changing by dilution or displacement to be conducted.

Crude Oil Washing System - The vessels COW system is fitted with both top programmable, and bottom non programmable machines. Indicators operate when the correct drive pressure and flow rate has been achieved. The operator can program the angle of operation on the top mounted machines. A steam cargo heater is also provided for the heating of wash water.

The operator can monitor the condition within the tanks by using the level gauges and the sounding facility. When using the latter, if water is present within the tank, a water dip reading is also provided.

Ballast System – The ballast system comprises of a fully segregated ballast system comprising 14 tanks. The system is equipped with two electric ballast pumps and one stripping eductor. Connections are provided from the inert gas supply and into the cargo system.

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Whilst operations in progress the operator can monitor the condition of all tanks, manifold flow rates overboard discharge quality and trim and stability information. Information for background systems such as power and hydraulic supply are also provided.

Gas Detection System - The fixed gas detection system allows the continuous monitoring of spaces outside of the main cargo system. Facilities are provided to allow the calibration of the instrument and adjustment of the amount of gas in each compartment by the instructor.

Portable instruments are provided for the detection of Oxygen, %LEL and %Vol within the cargo system together with an H2S monitor for use with appropriate cargoes. Sample positions are located at three levels within the relevant spaces allowing the operator to monitor the atmosphere and whether dilution / displacement principles are being followed.

Oil Grades

In both oil tanker models, for any exercise the instructor can at run time select the particular grade of oil to be used from a predefined list of up to 10 grades of petroleum products. These ten grades can be taken from an extensive database that can contain all possible grades if required. The grades are defined by density, viscosity, molecular weight, and volatile fraction. Any grade can be assigned to any tank or pipe. The instructor can change the oil grades contained within the list to suit any grade of oil that he may require.

Student Displays

Status Visual representation of cargo and ballast tank levels Draughts and trim information Indicators for equipment Oil Content Monitor External parameters (Speed, Jetty connections, Wind speed & direction, Air temperature, Barometric pressure) General parameters (Power, Hydraulic pressure) Cargo information (Total cargo, flow rates, manifold information)

Gas Detection – Fixed Fixed gas detector including auto/manual controls, sequencing and calibration facilities Sample points

Gas Detection O2 Analyser, Explosimeter, Tankscope and H2S Instruments Zero and spanning facilities Sample points

Inert Gas Generation Flue Gas System including scrubber, blowers, seal pumps, deck seal, pressure controllers and O2 analyser. Top up IG generator and controls Associated pipeline system and connections

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Inert Gas Distribution IG Deck pipeline distribution to cargo and ballast tanks Lower and upper purge connections on all tanks Tank P/V valves and IG Breakers

Cargo System – Pumproom Stripping eductors and controls Reciprocating stripping pump and controls Associated stripping piping system Main cargo pumps and associated pipelines Slop tanks Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment Water heater

Cargo System – Deck Cargo tanks showing levels and alarms Main cargo pipelines Water indicators on slop tanks Cargo manifold pipeline system Connection controls Manifold drain tanks and associated pipelines

Crude Oil Washing COW pipeline system COW machines and controls

Tank Levels Provides overall summary of levels in all tanks Manual sounding controls Readouts for manual sounding and water cut for each tank

Ballast System Segregated water ballast tanks and pipeline system Electric ballast pumps and controls Stripping eductor Connections into cargo and inert gas lines

Tank Heating Boiler supply and controls Steam supply to cargo pumps Steam supply to wash heater Tank heating system and associated pipelines

Cargo pump control Cargo pumps and controls Vacuum stripping system and associated automatic stripping controls

Ancillary Tanks Levels, % full and density of contents of all fuel and ancillary tanks

List of Snapshots Supplied

1) Empty Ship 2) Familiarisation 3) Commence Inerting 4) Finish Inerting (Dilution) 5) Finish Inerting (Displacement) 6) Commence Loading 7) Complete Loading Template 8) Start Discharge 9) Ready to start Arab Light COW 4 P & S 10) Start Heavy Weather Ballast 11) Ready to start Arab Heavy COW 2 P & S 12) Complete Discharge

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VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier)

The model of the VLCC is based on a 284,000 dwt vessel with 20 cargo tanks of the single hull design. The vessel is designed to be able to carry two segregated grades of cargo

Summary

Principle dimensions of the vessel:

Length O.A.: 324.0m Breadth: 53.5m Sum Dr: 21.78m Disp.: 324,821t

In addition to the cargo tank, the ship model contains the following systems:

• 18 main cargo tanks • Two interconnected slop tanks • Four segregated pipeline systems • Four steam cargo pumps, two fitted with Primavac stripping systems • Stripping system including two eductors and reciprocal stripping pump • Inert Gas plant and distribution system • Crude Oil Washing system • Segregated ballast system • Portable gas detection system • Oil water discharge monitor

Detailed description

Units of Measurement:

Temperature = degrees Celsius Cargo Pressure = mm/wg (millimetres water gauge) Equipment pressures = Bar

Cargo System - The cargo system allows three grades to be loaded and carried in a completely segregated condition. The tanks are grouped and connected to one of four cargo mains. In addition to the main lines, each tank is connected via a separate stripping system. Provision is included to allow No.2 & 6 P&S tanks to be isolated from the main oil system and connected to the ballast system for full segregation if so required. The operator is provided with complete control over the line-up used. Restrictions on the

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movement of spool pieces or valves are applied as would be required in real life. Tanks levels can be displayed in soundings or ullages depending upon the preference of the operator.

Four steam turbine cargo pumps are provided, with two equipped with ‘Primavac’ type systems to assist with cargo stripping. The operator is able to control the speed of each pump by adjusting the steam supply to each. Each pump is fitted with appropriate stripping lines to enable full draining to be undertaken. Direct loading drop lines are provided from each manifold group. Bottom lines can be isolated fore and aft.

The model and manifold arrangement allow connection directly to another ship or jetty model if so required. Facilities include the ability to check for hose failure and manifold leaks.

Inert Gas / Ventilation System - Vessel is equipped with a ‘Flue Gas’ type Inert Gas system comprising a scrubber, two 50% blowers, gas regulating valve and a deck seal of the flooded type. A fresh air connection is also provided. Facilities are provided to monitor the IG Oxygen content and for this to be adjusted by the instructor in various ways. IG Pressure delivery can be operated either manually or by use of an automatic controller. IG is delivered to two deck mains serving the wing and centre cargo tanks respectively. For safety purposes each cargo tank is equipped with its own pressure relief valve and pressure vacuum breakers are fitted to each deck main. The cargo tanks are provided with upper and lower purge pipes to allow inerting by use of the dilution or displacement methods.

Crude Oil Washing - The three most common types of washing machine are included in the COW System. With the non-programmable machines the operator is able to monitor when they are operating dependent upon whether the correct drive pressure and flow rate have been achieved. With the programmable type the operator is also able to program the angle of operation. Facilities are provided which allow the simulation of the failure of the float level gauge if left in the down position during washing, together with the ability to obtain a ‘dip’ at any time. The system includes the requirement to balance pumps and

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eductors to ensure the correct flow rates and pressures are achieved during the washing process.

Other systems included are as described in the Crude Oil / Products Tanker model.

Oil Grades

In both oil tanker models, for any exercise the instructor can select the particular grade of oil to be used from a list of up to 10 grades of petroleum products. These ten grades can be taken from an extensive database that can contain all possible grades if required. The grades are defined by density, viscosity, molecular weight, and volatile fraction. Any grade can be assigned to any tank or pipe.

Student Displays

Status Visual representation of cargo and ballast tank levels Draughts and trim information Ventilation controls Oil Content Monitor External parameters (Speed, Jetty connections)

Gas Detection O2 Analyser, Explosimeter and Tankscope Instruments Zero and spanning facilities Sample points

Inert Gas Generation Flue Gas System including scrubber, blowers, seal pumps, deck seal, pressure controllers and O2 analyser

Inert Gas Distribution IG Deck pipeline distribution to cargo tanks Lower and upper purge connections on all tanks Tank P/V valves and IG Breakers

Crude Oil Washing Wing Tks 1-3 COW pipeline system COW machines and controls Float gauge controls and sounding facilities on all tanks

Crude Oil Washing Wing Tks 4 – 8 COW pipeline system COW machines and controls Float gauge controls and sounding facilities on all tanks

Crude Oil Washing Center Tks COW pipeline system COW machines and controls Float gauge controls and sounding facilities on all tanks

Stripping Lines Cargo tank stripping pipeline system Levels in all cargo tanks

Stripping System Stripping eductors and controls Reciprocating stripping pump and controls Associated piping system

Water Ballast Segregated water ballast tanks and pipeline system Ballast pump and controls

Risers / Crossovers Pumproom pipeline system Cargo Pumps Cargo pumps and controls

Primavac stripping system Associated main cargo and stripping pipelines including sea suctions

Cargo system Cargo tanks showing levels and alarms Main cargo pipelines Water indicators on slop tanks

Manilfold Cargo manifold pipeline system Connection controls

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List of Snapshots Supplied

1) Familiarisation – ballast and IG start 2) Start primary inerting 3) Complete primary inerting – dilution 4) Complete primary inerting – displacement 5) Commence de-ballasting 6) Complete de-ballasting 7) Commence loading 8) Completion of loading 9) Demonstration of slop tank overflow 10) Commence discharge with COW 11) Discharge with COW (7.5hours) 12) Discharge with COW (19 hours) 13) Discharge with COW (27 hours) 14) Discharge with COW (31 hours) 15) Commence water rinsing

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LNG Carriers

There are three LNG models currently available, each representing the different types of cargo containment system currently used in the industry.

All the models are based on modern vessels and include all the systems associated with the operations likely to be conducted, including delivery of fuel to the engine room. The composition of the LNG cargo is adjustable by the instructor with respect to quantity of methane, ethane and propane to suit the particular trade in which the vessel is engaged. Similarly both models include specific malfunctions relevant to the vessels including icing of valves and condensers and heaters, cargo leaks into the surrounding spaces and malfunctioning of required support systems.

Link to LNG Steam Plant Simulator

All of the LNG models are capable of being linked directly with the MPRI LNG Steam Plant Simulator if it is installed on the same PC network. When operated in this mode the amount of gas sent into the boiler on the Lchs model is controlled by the boiler management requirements from the LNG Steam Plant simulator.

LNG Carrier (Spherical Containment)

The model is based on a 135,000m³ LNG Carrier built in 1995 with five insulated spherical containment cargo tanks surrounded by hold spaces. Each tank is equipped with two submerged cargo pumps, one submerged spray pump, load line, and spray rails.

Summary

Principle dimensions of the vessel:

Length O.A.: 293.0m Breadth: 45.75m Sum Dr: 11.27m 98% Vol: 135,000m3

In addition the model includes the following systems:

• Complete cargo piping systems • LNG and forcing vaporizers • High duty and low duty compressors • High duty and low duty heaters • Boiler gas fuel supply system

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• Inert gas/dry air supply and distribution system • Nitrogen supply and distribution system • Segregated ballast system • Hold space education/stripping system • Fixed gas detection systems • Portable gas detection for Oxygen, %LEL, %Vol H/c, Carbon Dioxide and Dewpoint • Emergency shutdown system • Automatic control system as appropriate for all pumps and compressors

LNG Carrier (Membrane Containment)

Available in two versions, this model is based on a 138,000m3 vessel constructed in 2002, and comprises of four cargo tanks each containing two cargo pumps, a single spray pump, emergency cargo pump, load lines and spray rails. The construction of the inter-barrier insulation spaces around the tanks have been carefully modelled to allow both the monitoring of the various temperature gradients within the system, and the effects of a leakage of cargo vapour into the spaces. The two versions available represent vessels constructed using the GT MkIII or NO96 tank containment systems.

Summary

Principle dimensions of the vessel:

Length O.A.: 278.8m Breadth: 42.6m Sum Dr: 11.35m 98.5% Vol: 136,251m3

Similar to the spherical containment model other systems that are incorporated include:

• Complete cargo piping system • LNG and forcing vaporizers • High duty and low duty compressors • Cargo heaters • Boiler gas fuel supply system • Inert gas/dry air supply and distribution system • Segregated ballast system • Fixed gas detection systems • Portable gas detection for Oxygen, %LEL, %Vol H/c, Carbon Dioxide and Dewpoint • Emergency shutdown system • Automatic control systems • In addition the following are also incorporated:

o Nitrogen supply, distribution and inter-barrier space pressurization system o Temperature monitoring system o Cofferdam heating system

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Detailed description (LNG Carriers)

Units of Measurement:

Temperature = oC (degrees Celsius) Cargo Pressure = KPa (kilopascal) Equipment pressures = KPa (Kilopascal)

Cargo System - The cargo system of both types of model includes all the relevant pipelines for the movement of liquid and vapour around the vessel, together with connections into supplementary systems allowing all required operations to be conducted. The operator is provided with complete control over the line-up used. Restrictions on the movement of spool pieces or valves are applied as would be required in real life. The cargo manifold arrangement allows the operator to decide which manifolds should be used and connected to shore or atmosphere to allow loading / discharge operations or line purging operations to be conducted.

Vaporisers - Two vaporisers are incorporated, one for the supply of LNG vapour for ‘gassing up’ and discharging purposes and the other for the supply of gas to the vessels boilers. The operator is provided with all the necessary controls including automatic systems for the operation of the vaporisers. All interlocks and alarms are provided as per the real vessel.

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Compressors - Two high duty compressors are provided for the removal and circulation of LNG Vapour, along with two low duty compressors for the supply of boil off gas to the boilers. Full control mechanisms for the compressors are provided including automatic capacity control by adjustment of the inlet vane angle. Monitoring information includes the inlet and outlet pressures and temperatures together with flow.

Heaters - Two heaters are provided, both of which can be used for circulating LNG vapour and for supply to the boilers. Manual and automatic controls are provided to allow the system to be set up to deliver the correct temperature and pressure of boil off gas to the vessels boilers in combination with the low duty compressors. The control mechanisms also include the facility to enable the setting and maintenance of the required flow of gas to the boilers

Inert Gas / Nitrogen Systems - The vessels are equipped with an Inert Gas generator together with a drying system. The quality of the inert gas can be decided by the operator, with connections provided into the cargo lines or directly into the hold spaces surrounding the cargo tanks. Two Nitrogen generators of the membrane type are also included for the supply of Nitrogen to the compressors, Engine Room and purging of the inter-barrier space around the cargo tanks. The purging system incorporates all the flow and pressure controls as per the real vessel. In a similar way to the IG the quality of the Nitrogen can be adjusted by the operator.

Facilities allow all procedures to be conducted in preparing for the supply of gas to the engine room and to provide the correct quantity and temperature of gas to the boiler in the different service modes.

In the event of a gas leakage into the barrier spaces the models allow all the procedures to be conducted to remove or control the gas leakage as appropriate to the system modelled.

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Gas Detection Systems - Both fixed, sequential and portable gas detection systems are provided. The two sequential systems continuously monitor the spaces around the cargo areas for leakages with appropriate alarms and shutdowns implemented if gas is detected. The portable system allows the operator to select the type of instrument to be used for the detection of oxygen, %LEL or %Vol. The sample location point can then be selected including cargo equipment and manifold connections. In this way the operator can check if operations are progressing correctly and safely.

Pump Controls - Automatic pump controls are provided which mimic the behaviour of the systems used on board the real vessels. Full pump start and appropriate valve opening sequencing is included. Spray pump controls are provided with an additional controller to allow the required pressure to be maintained within the spray header to be set, and maintained for use when tank cooling or providing a supply to the Forcing vaporiser. On the Membrane type model an Emergency Pump is also provided in each tank together with the appropriate equipment to allow the full installation procedures to be conducted. On the Spherical model discharge by pressurisation of the cargo tank can also be performed.

Glycol & Temperature Monitoring Systems (Membrane model) - Facilities are provided to allow the operator to monitor and take appropriate steps to maintain the bulkhead temperatures fore and aft of the cargo tanks. A glycol circulation system is provided which allows suitable adjustments to be made to ensure the temperatures remain within their safe parameters

Ballast & Auxiliary Systems - The ballast system comprises of two or three electric pumps for the supply and discharge of sea water ballast. A separate pump provides the supply to the stripping eductor. Connections are provided to allow the emptying of void spaces and to provide a supply to the Inert Gas Generator. The operator is also provided with displays indicating the status of the lubricating oil supply for the compressors and the steam supply to the cargo heaters and vaporisers. Status of all fuel and water tanks is also shown to enable the correct assessment of trim and stability conditions.

The Emergency Shutdown System provides different links into shore based systems and provides indication of the cause of operation.

Student Displays (Spherical)

Status Visual representation of cargo and ballast tank levels Draughts and trim information Air temperature, Barometric pressure General parameters (Power, Hydraulic and Control Air pressure) Emergency Shutdown System indicators and controls

Gas Detection – Fixed Sequential Fixed gas detector including auto/manual controls, sequencing and calibration facilities

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Sample points Gas Detection – Fixed Constant Fixed gas detector monitoring of constant gas detection points Gas Detection O2 Analyser, Explosimeter, Tankscope, CO2 and Dewpoint

Instruments Zero and spanning facilities Sample points on tanks and pipelines

Cargo Tank – Arial View Cargo tank dome and associated pipelines Hold space supply and exhaust pipelines Cargo and stripping pump manual controls Relief valve setting Cargo tank selection Float gauge and CTS level gauge readings and controls Cargo tank temperatures and pressures

Cargo Tank – Elevation View Cargo tank and hold space pipeline arrangements Cargo tank and hold space alarms Cargo tank selection Hold space eductor

Deck pipelines Liquid, Vapour, Spray and pressurization header lines Cargo tank arrangements Manifold arrangements

Supplementary lines Nitrogen and Inert Gas supply to Hold spaces Hold space pressures and temperatures

Manifold Manifold associated pipeline arrangements Blank and Connect controls Manifold temperatures and pressures and vapour flow rate

Cargo Machinery Overview Location of cargo machinery together with associated pipeline systems

Low Duty System Low duty compressors and controls Low duty heater and controls Boiler supply controls

High Duty System High duty compressors and controls High duty heater and controls

Vaporisers Forcing vaporizer and controls LNG vaporizer and controls

Engine Room Inert Gas Generator , controls and associated supply pipelines Nitrogen generator, controls and associated supply pipelines to deck and boiler Boiler gas supply pipelines and associated controls

Lubricating Oil & Steam Systems Steam supply system to heaters and vaporizers Compressor lubricating oil system

Cargo pump controls Cargo pump auto sequence controls Cargo tank selection Pipelines and controlled valves for each tank

Spray pump controls Spray pump auto sequence controls Cargo tank selection Pipelines and controlled valves for each tank

Ballast System Segregated water ballast tanks and pipeline system Electric ballast pumps and controls Stripping eductor

Ballast and Valve Alarms Ballast Tank alarms Valve positioning alarms

Ancillary Tanks Levels, % full and density of contents of all fuel and ancillary tanks

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Student Displays (Membrane)

Status Visual representation of cargo and ballast tank levels Draughts and trim information Air temperature, Barometric pressure, Wind speed and direction General parameters (Power, Hydraulic and Control Air pressure) Emergency Shutdown System indicators and controls Manifold information Total cargo and flow rates

Gas Detection – Fixed Fixed gas detector including auto/manual controls, sequencing and calibration facilities Fixed gas detector monitoring of constant gas detection points Sample points

Gas Detection O2 Analyser, Explosimeter, Tankscope, CO2 and Dewpoint Instruments Zero and spanning facilities Sample points on tanks, barrier spaces, pipelines and equipment

Cargo pipelines All associated cargo pipelines and arrangement Liquid and spray line temperatures and pressures Cargo tank information

Manifold Manifold associated pipeline arrangements Blank and Connect controls Manifold temperatures and pressures and vapour flow rate

Cargo tanks Elevation view of cargo tank providing visual and analogue indication of liquid level Cargo tank information (Pressure, temperatures, volume and % full) Cargo pump auto sequence controls Spray pump auto sequence controls Cargo tank selection Pipelines and controlled valves for each tank Cargo tank alarms

Cargo Machinery Overview Location of cargo machinery together with associated pipeline systems High Duty Compressors High duty compressors and controls Low Duty Compressors Low duty compressors and controls

Boiler supply controls Heaters Heaters and controls Vaporisers Forcing vaporizer and controls

LNG vaporizer and controls Engine Room Inert Gas Generator , controls and associated supply pipelines

Nitrogen generator, controls and associated supply pipelines to deck. Barrier spaces and boiler Boiler gas supply pipelines and associated controls

Barrier Purging System Nitrogen supply and exhaust pipelines and controls for interbarrier and insulation spaces for all tanks

Glycol System Glycol circulating system pipelines to all cofferdams Glycol circulating pumps, heaters and controls

Lubricating Oil & Steam Systems Steam supply system to heaters and vaporizers Compressor lubricating oil system

Temperature Monitoring Barrier space temperature readings shown in relevant positions Ballast System Segregated water ballast tanks and pipeline system

Electric ballast pumps and controls Stripping eductor

Ballast Alarms and Ancillary Tanks Ballast Tank alarms Levels, % full and density of contents of all fuel and ancillary tanks

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List of Snapshots Supplied

1) Familiarisation 1 2) Familairisation 2 3) Ex 3 – Commence inerting cargo tanks 4) Ex 4 – Complete inerting cargo system 5) Ex 5 Commence gassing up 6) Ex 6 – Commence cargo tank cooldown 7) Ex 7 – Complete cooldown, commence loading 8) Ex 8 – Complete loading 9) Ex 9 – Commence discharge 10) Ex 10 – Supply to boiler 11) Ex 11 – Commence warm up

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LPG Carrier

The model of the fully refrigerated liquefied petroleum gas tanker is based on a 22,000m³ vessel with four insulated cargo tanks (with center bulkheads), surrounded by void spaces. Each cargo tank is equipped with two deepwell cargo pumps, load lines, and spray rails. An emergency deepwell cargo pump in each tank is also modeled.

Cargo is selectable between all types of LPG and Chemical gas cargoes including Butane, Propane or mixtures of both, Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Butadiene and Ammonia.

Summary

Principle dimensions of the vessel:

Length O.A.: 166.0m Breadth: 23.0m Sum Dr: 10.32m 98.5% Vol: 22,000m3

Besides the cargo tanks, the ship model contains the following systems:

• Two deck pressure storage tanks • Complete cargo piping system allowing two grade segregation • Cargo heater and booster pumps (for discharge to pressurized storage) • Segregated ballast system • Cooling water system • Three two-stage, cascade R22/LPG, refrigeration plants • IG/Fresh air supply and distribution system • Void space education/stripping system • Fixed gas detection system • Portable gas detection system • Alcohol distribution system (de-icing)

Specific malfunctions are modeled, including icing of valves and condensers, cargo or ballast leaks into void spaces, and manifold leaks.

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Detailed description (LPG Carrier)

Units of Measurement:

Temperature = oC (degrees Celsius) Cargo Pressure = millibar Equipment pressures = bar

Cargo System - The cargo system includes all the relevant pipelines for the movement of liquid, vapour and condensate around the vessel. Connections are provided to allow the full segregation of two cargoes in various tank combinations. Connections also allow procedures such as ‘series’ or ‘cascade’ purging to be undertaken.

The operator is provided with complete control over the line up used. Restrictions on the movement of spool pieces or valves are applied as would be required in real life. The cargo heater and booster pumps may be used for activities relating to the discharge of refrigerated product to other types of storage facility. IG & Gas Detection Systems - The Inert Gas (IG) and Fresh Air System is equipped with one main and one top up IG Generator, together with two fresh air fans for ventilation purposes.

The IG can be cooled and dried by use of the R22 cooler which is supplied by No.3 cargo refrigeration plant. Connections are provided to allow air or IG to be fed into the tanks or exhausted either via the top or bottom allowing vapour change using the displacement method to be undertaken. Dilution method can also be used if required. The gas detection system can be used in auto mode to monitor peripheral spaces or in manual mode. When used manually the LEL, Oxygen content and ppm readings for all types of gases can be detected at various locations within the cargo system.

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Refrigeration Systems - The refrigeration system comprise three R22 / LPG cascade type plants. No. 1 and 2 plants are configured to be connected to one cargo system, whilst No.3 can be used on either. All details of the compressor / condenser circuits are included. No.3 plant is also equipped with a supply to the IG cooler. Steam connections into the LPG condensers for No.1 and 2 plants allow them to be used as vaporisers

Supplementary Systems - A cooling water system is provided to supply the cargo refrigeration plants and associated systems together with the cargo heater and sprays for the deck pressure vessels. The Glycol cooling and lubricating oil systems supply the main LPG compressors. All appropriate interlocks and shutdowns are included. An Alcohol injection system is also provided with connections on the refrigeration plant and cargo pumps, to allow the removal of ice at strategic points throughout the system. Ballast System - The model is equipped with a fully segregated ballast system comprising 5 upper wing and two double bottom tanks, port and stbd. The ballast is moved by the the use of two electric ballast pumps, and one small pump used for stripping purposes.

Indication of the trim and list at any time is provided together with a summary of the status of the various tank and equipment conditions enabling full control of all activities. Cargo Tanks - Displays are also provided giving access to detailed information relating to the main and deck cargo tanks. Controls are provided for the operation of the main and emergency cargo pumps. The main pumps are of the deepwell type, whilst the emergency pump in each tank is of the submerged type.

An eductor system, linked into the main cargo and fire water supply systems is provided to remove liquid from within the void spaces, surrounding the main cargo tanks.

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Student Displays Status Visual representation of cargo and ballast tank levels

Draughts and trim information Indicators for equipment External parameters (Speed, Jetty connections, Wind speed & direction, Air temperature, Barometric pressure) General parameters (Power, Hydraulic pressure) Cargo information (Total cargo, flow rates, manifold information)

Inert Gas System Main and top up Inert Gas Generators Fresh Air Fans Pipelines and IG supply connections to void spaces and cargo tanks Cargo tank ‘cross – connection’ facility Ventilation pipelines

Gas Detection System Fixed and portable gas detector including auto/manual controls, sequencing and calibration facilities Sample points Sample gas selection

Reliquefaction Plants R22 system including compressor, SW condenser, receiver, oil separator and expansion valves LPG system including LPG compressor, cargo condenser, expansion valves Steam supply for vaporizer IG cooler on plant No.3

Lubricating Oil System Lub oil supply lines and delivery pump Alcohol injection system

Cooling Water System Supply pipelines to R22 condensers and cargo heater Supply pump with controls

Ballast System Segregated water ballast tanks and pipeline system Electric ballast pumps and controls

Cargo pipelines All associated cargo pipelines and arrangement Liquid and spray line temperatures and pressures Cargo tank information

Manifold and Cargo Heater Manifold associated pipeline arrangements Blank and Connect controls Manifold temperatures and pressures and vapour flow rate Cargo Heater arrangement Two electric booster pumps and controls

Cargo tanks Elevation view of cargo tank providing visual and analogue indication of liquid level Cargo tank information (Pressure, temperatures, volume and % full) Cargo pump controls Cargo tank selection Pipelines and controlled valves for each tank

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Cargo tank alarms Deck Storage Tanks Elevation view of cargo tank providing visual and analogue indication of

liquid level Cargo tank information (Pressure, temperatures, volume and % full)

List of Snapshots Supplied

1) Commence inerting void spaces 2) Completed inerting void spaces 3) Displacement inerting DPV & pipelines 4) Commence gassing up 5) Demonstration of reliq plant 6) Commence cooldown 7) Cooled down, ready to load 8) Completion of loading (SVR) 9) Completion of loading (no SVR) 10) Demonstration of cargo pumps 11) Ready to discharge to pressurized storage 12) Ready to discharge to refrigerated storage 13) Commence warming up 14) Commence purging 15) Commence gas freeing / change grades

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New LPG Carrier

The new model will be based on the existing model and has such will have all the existing functionality with respect to cargoes that can be carried but including the following revisions:

• Cargo System o Addition of three direct cooled refrigeration plants o Addition of three cascade refrigeration plants suitable for Ethylene carriage. o Addition of detailed cargo vaporiser o Addition of Ethylene to cargo list

It is the intention that the instructor will be provided with the facility to choose which refrigeration plant requirement is to be used for the training exercises.

• Ballast System o Detailed pump operation o Revised pipeline / valve arrangement to reflect modern vessel design

• Gas Detection o Inclusion of separate fixed and portable gas detection systems

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Supplementary models available

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Facility (FPSO)

This model is based upon a purpose built 114,000 dwt unit and encompasses all the aspects relating to the storage and handling of the oil cargo. It does not include the oil production facilities.

The model comprises:

• 8 main cargo tanks • 2 slop tanks • A single hydraulic cargo pump and tank washing machines are incorporated in each

cargo tank • Cargo heaters • Single manifold discharge with flowmeter • Cargo venting system • Inert gas generator and supply system • Main and trim ballast systems • Oil heating system • ESD indication panel The model can be used to simulate any grade of crude oil which may be supplied from the process plant. The effects of introducing water and the resulting emulsions are also included.

Environmental parameters such as wind direction and speed can also be adjusted to introduce the requirement to maintain the facility in a specific direction to minimize weather effects on the gas flare and process.

List of Snapshots Supplied

1) Empty 2) Inerting and ballasting 3) Familiarisation 4) One hour to complete inerting 5) Start loading 6) Commenced loading all tanks 7) Part loaded (10%) 8) Part loaded (70%) 9) Part loaded (94%) 10) Commence discharge 11) Discharge with COW

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LPG Terminal

The Liquefied Petroleum Gas Terminal model consists of five berths. There are four refrigerated storage tanks, each fitted with two main and one emergency cargo pump. The model simulates the effect of a moored vessel drifting. Emergency shutdown procedures begin if the vessel moves outside hardarm operating envelope.

In addition to the main storage tanks the following are modeled:

• Two pressurized storage tanks • Pressure relief (surge) drums • Shore vapor return system • Two single stage refrigeration plants

List of Snapshots Supplied

1) Start: System A = Propane, System B = Butane 2) Start: System A = Propane, System B = Ammonia 3) Vessel cooled down ready to load 4) Loading

Crude Oil Terminal

The crude oil terminal consists of five berths with four main storage tanks.

The model simulates the effect of a moored vessel drifting, as well as the operation of emergency shutdown if the vessel moves outside the loading arm’s operating envelope. In addition to the tanks the model contains:

• Two settling tanks for dirty ballast • Pressure relief (surge) drums • Four pumps • ‘CoolSorption’ type Vapor Recovery Unit

List of Snapshots Supplied

1) All tanks empty 2) All cargo tanks loading 3) Fully loaded

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4) Discharging all tanks 5) All tanks discharged 6) Test pressure surge 7) Discharging partially settled tanks 8) Discharging tanks ready to start Vapour Recovery 9) Start Vapour recovery

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CargoMax Stress and Stability Program

‘CargoMax’ is a commercial, fully Class approved, stress and stability program for vessels, used by many of the leading ship operators to meet their ‘Class’ requirements. CargoMax displays all the information likely to be required regarding the draughts, trim, list, shear forces, bending moments and damage stability for a particular vessel. The information is displayed using a ‘Windows’ format using both analogue tables and graphical indicators.

A version of ‘CargoMax’ has been developed for each of the ship models within the simulator library. The program is fully integrated into the simulator allowing it to be used as a ‘standalone’ planning tool or to provide ‘on line’ information as exercises are conducted on the simulated model. Once the Cargomax program has been started the interface appears as a normal simulator graphics display and is accessed via the ‘page menu’.

The basic functions included are as follows:

• Intact Stability calculation according to international requirements, including • Calculation of GZ curve and comparison with IMO criteria • Comparison of GMt / KGvirtual with Required GMt / Max. KG curves • Warning and check of various loading restrictions such as draft limits, visibility

requirements, and custom tank filling restrictions • Longitudinal Strength (Bending Moment and Shear Force) if required by approved

Loading Manual • Comparison to class allowable at the required frames • Comparison for both in Harbour & At Sea allowables

• User input of tank data by sounding, ullage, volume, weight or percent full and density (or specific gravity). Automatic conversion of the other input types.

• Always visible “Status Bar” displaying warnings when certain key loading criteria are not met

• Both onscreen viewing and pre-defined printed reports for all results • Online, context sensitive Help document • Damage Stability

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• Calculation of free-floating damage condition based on user-defined cases for damaged compartments.

• Online interface to simulated model to automatically read in tank levels and cargo characteristics (such as density, temperature), CargoMax can be set to continuously monitor the gauging system at a user defined interval.

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Further Information Further detailed information can be obtained by viewing our product web site at

www.wise-itms.com

or by contacting:

Ray Gillett

Director of Operations

MPRI Simulations Group - UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1983 567608

Fax: +44 (0) 8700 515312

Email: [email protected]