UNIT 5CARGO

CARGO HANDLING

Single man loading, married falls or burtoning were early methods of cargo handling.

Petroleum products were packaged in barrels and handled by traditional ways for a long time. Since the late 19th century crude oil and its products have been transported in bulk without packaging. Growing technology facilitated cargo handling in many ways.

CARGO TYPES

Cargo can be classified into general cargo (non-bulk) bulk cargo..

General cargo usually consists of manufactured items such as machinery, motor car tyres, electronic devices, and canned food.

Bulk cargo generally consists of goods in bulk including ore, grain, coal, oil, petroleum products, and other raw materials.

BULK CARGO HANDLING

Bulk cargo can be loaded and unloaded by means of

suction tubes grabs conveyor belts pipes.

LOADING GRAIN

Rice loading

Timber loading

Goods in bulk are able to flow in a cargo space so that it can fully occupy the available cargo space

Bulk cargoes can be classified into dry bulk and liquid bulk.

Dry bulk goods can be packaged but more commonly they are not. For example sugar can be handled in bags or in bulk.

RICE LOADING

Dry bulk goods often are transported in bulk carriers and partially in OBOs..

Solid bulk cargoes, such as coal and limestone, are generally loaded to ships by means of conveyor belts.

Grain is loaded through chutes or tubes from pier.

Suction pumps are also used to unload bulk cargoes.

Liquid bulk goods are transported either by tankers or OBOs.

The liquid cargo is pumped into tanks by pumps mounted on the shore.

Unloading is in the reverse manner by pumps mounted on the ship.

Taker’s pipe

Many liquid cargoes such as sulphur or asphalt need to be heated for pumping because they may otherwise require excessive energy to pump.

GENERAL CARGO HANDLING

General cargo handled by;palletizingcontainerizationrefrigeration, rolling-on rolling-off.

LOADING ORANGE BOXES

Livestockloading

General cargo is mostly carried in boxes, crates, bales, and other containers

Banana in boxes

Any non-bulk cargo could be stowed into containers.

When the cargo has wheels such as automobiles, trucks, the handling method is simply to roll it on and off

General cargo is usually handled by means of derricks on the ship's deck.

Cranes designed for handling containers are the rapid and economical ship to shore cargo handling

Harbours are too shallow to permit some huge ships to reach shore side installations. The discharge of cargo is done by means of lighters or barges.

CARGO HANDLING TEAM

The officer in charge of the loading, stowage and unloading of cargo is the chief officer.

The handling of cargo into and out of the ship’s holds is the work of the stevedores.

The stevedores work in gangs and a foreman is in charge of gang.

When cargo is loaded, the foreman

usually supervises

Hatchwayman is the gang member who stands on deck near the hatch to advise the crane operator.

Tallyman checks the cargo while stowing and if it is necessary,

Checker measures the volumes of the separate items of cargo.

1-What is the difference between ancient handling of crude oil and now?

2-How is solid bulk cargo handled?

3-How is liquid cargo loaded into tanks?

4- Who are the gang members who work for cargo handling at port?

5-Who supervises cargo handling as a gang member?

ETYMOLOGY

Charge <Latin, carricare, to load a wagon, cart < carrus, cart, car

Hazard < Old French, hasard, dice game, adventure < Arabic, al-zahr, dice

Stevedore <Spanish, estivar, to stowTallyman < Latin, talea, a stick, cutting Contain< Latin, continere, to hold < com, together +

tenere, holdGrain< Latin, granum, seed

SOME WORDS

Bulk (adj.) - Large in quantity or volume.

Cargo (n) - Load, freight Discharge (v) - To remove cargo

from cargo space, to unload.

Handle (v) - To lift and hold with the hands.

Load (v) - To put cargo into cargo place.

Package (v) - To wrap or box for transporting.

Write the adjective forms of the following nouns relating to shapes.

circle circular

cone ………………

cube ………………

cylinder ………………

ellipse ………………

oval ………………

pyramid ………………

rectangle ………………

semicircle ………………

sphere ………………

square ………………

triangle ………………

Ask questions to the underlined words.

1-Growing technology facilitated cargo handling in many ways.

2- Crude oil has been transported in bulk since the late 19th century.

3- Solid bulk cargoes are loaded to ships by means of conveyor belts.

4-Large suction pumps are used to unload bulk cargoes.

5-Tallyman checks the cargo.

Put the words in order.

1-loaded / holds / conveyor belts / iron / by / of / means / into / ore / is /

2-cargo / wheeled / ro-ro / ships / transported / is / by /

3-is / unloaded / by / pumps / ship’s / liquid cargo / own /

1-Which is regarded as general cargo?

a. coal

b. timber

c. sugar

d. canned food

e. oil

1-Which is regarded as general cargo?

d. canned food

2-Which is not a stowing way of general cargo?

a. containerizing

b. palletizing

c. packaging

d. unitizing

e. loose

2-Which is not a stowing way of general cargo?

e. loose

3-What is the disadvantage of general cargo?

a. It can be handled either by shore facilities or ship’s own equipment.

b. It can be unitized.

c. It can be stacked one atop another.

d. Its handling requires great labour force because of the variety of size and weight.

e. It can be transported in containers.

3-What is the disadvantage of general cargo?

d. Its handling requires great labour force because of the variety of size and weight.

4-Which is not normally a bulk cargo handling device?

a. suction tube

b. grab bucket

c. conveyor belt

d. pump

e. crane

5-Which is not an ancient way of cargo handling?

a. burtoning

b. married-fall

c. single man load

d. suction tube

e. packaged

6-Which statement is not true regarding liquid cargo?

a. Liquid cargo is carried by tankers.b. It is loaded and unloaded by pumps.c. It is transported in tanker’s holds.d. Some liquid cargoes need to be

heated while loading. e. Liquid cargo can be stowed in barrels,

casks etc.

7-Who arranges cargo handling at ports?

a. checker

b. hatchwayman

c. tallyman

d. stevedore

e. foreman

7-Who arranges cargo handling at ports?

d. stevedore

8-Who is in charge of gang?

a. hatchwayman

b. checker

c. tallyman

d. foreman

e. stevedore

8-Who is in charge of gang?

d. foreman