1.3 Drawing layout and presentation

Dr. Benny RaphaelAssistant Professor, Department

of Building, NUS

Introduction

For effective communication drawings have to follow standard conventions and practices. Professional standards exist in layout and presentation.

Layout

Important to have drawings logically and neatly arranged to give a balanced layout

Parts of a drawing sheet Filing margin Title and information panel

Project title, name, drawing number, scale, date, etc.Minimum space to be used for title and information

panel => more space for drawing

Layout

Border

Title block

TitleNameDateScale

Title block

Title block: Another style

1DRAWING NO.DRAFT 1STATUS

AS SHOWNSCALERAPHAELDRAWN BYALEXANDRA HOSPITALPROJECT 9

3

3

LinesThin reference grid, dimension, hatchingMedium general detailsThick Margin lines, outline to emphasize certain

detailsBroken concealed edges

Section lines

Section lines

Lettering

To provide information on drawingGeneral notes may be collected in groupsSpecific particulars should be near the items

to which they relateShould not obscure any part of the drawing

Graphic symbols

Time can be saved and confusion avoided if standard range of symbols is used these are found in CP6:1978

Get familiar with the standard symbols for Electrical, gas and water installations Plumbing and sanitary drainage Fire fighting systems Doors and windows Landscaping Representation of materials Common symbols

Dimensions

Should not be confused with the figureTwo units used m written with three decimal points mm written without decimalsEg. 3.3000 - implied unit m330 - implied unit mm

Working drawings

Plan a view from above projected on a horizontal plane. Building plans are drawn for each floor at one meter above floor level cutting through walls, doors, windows

Elevations external faces of buildings including doors and windows

Sections taken vertically through a building cutting through foundations, walls, etc.

Projections

Projections provide a view of a 3D object on a 2D surface.

Orthographic Isometric Axonometric Perspective

Orthographic projection

In orthographic projection principal planes of projection are at right angles to each other.

Isometric projection

Length, breadth and height are shown in one drawing

Vertical lines remain unchanged. Horizontal lines are drawn at 300 to the horizontal

Axonometric projection

Similar to isometric. Horizontal lines are drawn 450 to the

horizontal

Perspective projectionSimilar to images obtained by a camera. Lines (projectors) are drawn from the eye

(position of camera) to the object. Where these lines meet the plane of projection, points are plotted.

Parallel lines do not remain parallel

Projections: Examples

Example 1

Example 2

Plan

Elevation Side View

Example 3

Summary

Conventions for drawing layout and presentation should be followed.

Orthographic, isometric and perspective projections are important in conveying information.