Los mandatosformales y plurales

con pronombres

Types of Commands

Lets start with commands. There are two different types of commands, formal commands and informal commands. Formal commands are for people that you don’t know very well. Informal commands are for people you know well. For each type of command there are affirmative and negative commands, both using separate rules. Always use formal commands when in doubt.

Formal Commands

Formal commands are for people you don’t know well. The Spanish subjects that are used for these commands are:

• Usted

• Ustedes

Affirmative Formal Commands

There are three easy steps to remember:

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

Example:

Verb: Nadar –to swim Subject: Usted

1. Nado

2. Nad-o+e

3. ¡Nade!

Negative Formal Commands

The first three steps are the same as affirmative commands but with one simple step added at the end

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Place no before the verb

Example:

Verb: Bailar –to dance Subject: Ustedes

1. Bailo

2. Bail-o+e+n

3. Bailen

4. ¡No bailen!

Commands with Pronouns

There are 3 different types of pronouns that our Spanish II class uses: Indirect Object Pronouns, Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive pronouns. All have VERY similar steps to follow with the formal and informal commands.

Remind me: What are reflexive pronouns?

Reflexive pronouns are used to say a verb acts on the subject.

Example:

I brush my hair.

You brush your hair.

Paco brushes his hair.

The verb acts on all of the subjects.

Reflexive Pronouns

Yo Me Nos Nosotros

Tú Te Os Vosotros

Usted Se Se Ustedes

Él Se Se Ellos

Ella Se Se Ellas

Example:-I shower at 5:30.

Yo me ducho a las cinco y media.-We dress at 8:00.

Nosotros nos vestimos a las ocho.

Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands

The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Add the reflexive pronoun “se” to the end

5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end

Example:

Verb: Dormirse –to sleep Subject: Usted

1. Duermo 4. Duermase

2. Duerm-o+a 5. ¡Duérmase!

3. Duerma

Affirmative

With affirmative commands (+), pronouns MUST be attached to the command!!!

Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands

The first three steps are the same:

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Put no and se in front of the verb

5. Example:

Verb: Ducharse –to take a shower Subject: Ustedes

1. Ducho 4. ¡No se duchen!

2. Duch-o+e+n

3. Duchen

Negative

With negative commands (-), pronouns CANNOT be attached and must be separate words.

Direct Object Pronouns

Direct object pronouns are used to take the place of things. The object is directly affected by the verb.

These are the direct object pronouns:

Me Us

me nos

You You (plural-España)

te os

It/Him/Her Them

lo los

la las

These always come before the command (for negative) or attached to the command (for affirmative).

Examples (Uds.):

-Read books! ¡Léanlos!

-Don’t read books! ¡No los lean!

-Listen to music! ¡Escúchenla!

-Don’t listen to music! ¡No la escuchen!

Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands

The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Add the direct object pronoun to the end

5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end

Example:

Verb: Lavar –to wash (Wash it) Subject: Usted

1. Lavo 4. Lavelo

2. Lav-o+e 5. ¡Lávelo!

3. Lave

Affirmative

Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands

The first three steps are the same:

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Put no and the direct object in front of the verb

5. Example:

Verb: Beber –to drink (Drink it) Subject: Ustedes

1. Bebo 4. ¡No lo beban!

2. Beb-o+a+n

3. Beban

Negative

Indirect Object Pronouns

Indirect object pronouns are used to show who receives the action of the verb. For example: I bake cookies for the students (them). The IOP=the students (them). They answer 1 of 2 questions: To whom? For whom?

These are the indirect object pronouns:

me nos

te os

le les

These are the pronouns that you used when you learned GUSTAR originally.

These always come before the command (for negative) or attached to the command (for affirmative).

Examples (in Uds. form):

-Read to us! ¡Léannos!

-Don’t call (to) them! ¡No les llamen!

-Turn the homework in to me! ¡Entréguenme la tarea!

-Don’t listen to him! ¡No le escuchen!

Indirect Object Pronouns with Formal Commands

Affirmative

The first three steps are the same:

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Put no and the indirect object in front of the verb

5. Example:

Verb: Enseñarles–to teach (to) them Subject: Usted

1. Enseño 4. ¡ Enséñeles!

2. Enseñ –o +e

3. Enseñe

Indirect Object Pronouns with Formal Commands

Negative

The first three steps are the same:

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Put no and the indirect object in front of the verb

5. Example:

Verb: No darles de comer–Don’t feed them Subject: Usted

1. Dé (irregular)

2. No + dé

3. No + les + dé

4. ¡No les dé de comer!

ReviewFormal Commands

Affirmative

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Add the pronoun to the end

5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end

Negative

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the opposite ending

-ar e, en -er/ir a,an

4. Place no and the pronoun before the verb

Informal CommandsAffirmative

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add the third person ending

-ar a -er/ir e

4. Add the pronoun to the end

5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end

Negative

1. Conjugate for yo

2. Drop the “o”

3. Add these endings:

-ares -er/iras

4. Place no and the pronunbefore the verb

Common Irregulars

Ud.; Uds.

Dé; Den (DAR)

Esté; estén (ESTAR)

Vaya; vayan (IR)

Sepa; sepan (SABER)

Sea; sean (SER)

Vea; vean (VER)

Tú

Da (DAR)

Di (DECIR)

Haz (HACER)

Pon (PONER)

Sal (SALIR)

Sé (SER)

Ten (TENER)

Ve (IR)

Ven (VENIR)

Quiz:

Use (in)direct object pronouns or reflexive pronouns with commands to write sentences.

1. Tell your coworker to sweep the floor.(el piso=lo)

¡Bárralo!

2. Tell your friends to eat the tapas.

¡Cómanlas!

3. Tell your teacher not to fall asleep in class.(dormirse enclase-(o-ue))

¡No se duerma en clase!

4. Tell your parents’ friends to sit down please. (sentarse: (e-ie))

¡Siéntense por favor!

5. Tell the stranger not to take the taxi (it). (tomar el taxi)

¡No lo tome!

El fin