Volleyball Brief History

The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played

In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.In 1930, the first two - man beach game was played.In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.In 1990, the World League was created.In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!In 1996, 2 - person beach volleyball was added to the OlympicIn 1998, Libero was introduced in VolleyballThe Fdration Internationale de Volleyball (International Federation of Volleyball), commonly known by the acronym FIVB, is the international governing body for the sport of indoor, beach and grass volleyball.[1] Its headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland and its current president is Ary Graa.The FIVB was founded in Paris, France in 1947. In the late 1940s, some of the European national federations began to address the issue of creating an international governing body for the sport of volleyball. Initial discussions eventually lead to the installation of a Constitutive Congress in 1947. Fourteen national federations representing five different continents attended the meetings where, between April 18 and 20, the entity was officially formed, having Frenchman Mr. Paul Libaud as first president.One of the main goals of the 1947 Congress was achieved two years later with the establishment of the first international major volleyball event, the World Championship. In 1952, a women's version of the tournament was also introduced.In 1964, the IOC endorsed the addition of volleyball to the Olympic program. By this time, the number of national federations affiliated to the FIVB had grown to 89. Later in that year (1969), a new international event, the World Cup was introduced. It would be turned into a qualifying event for the Olympic Games in 1991.Following the retirement of Mr. Libaud and the election of Mexican Mr. Rubn Acosta Hernandez for the position of president in 1984, the FIVB moved its headquarters from Paris, France to Lausanne, Switzerland and intensified to an unprecedented level its policy of promoting volleyball on a worldwide basis. Measures taken in this direction include the establishment of annual competitions for men's and women's volleyball (the World League, in 1990, and the Grand Prix, in 1993), the indication of Beach volleyball as an Olympic event (1996) and a number of changes in the rules of the game with the purpose of enhancing public visibility.On 19 June 2008, Mr. Wei Jizhong (Chinese: ) of China was elected as the third president in the history of the FIVB during the 31st FIVB World Congress in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The handover of the presidency took place on 24 August 2008 in Beijing.As of 2010, the FIVB counted 220 affiliated national federations. The FIVB's main activity is worldwide planning and organisation of volleyball events, sometimes in conjunction with other international governing bodies such as the IOC. This involves defining qualification procedures and competition formulae for tournaments, as well as more specific details such as player line-up and replacement restrictions, venues and hosts.Amongst others, the FIVB organises the following international volleyball tournaments: Olympic Games Volleyball World Championship Volleyball World Cup Volleyball World Grand Champions Cup Volleyball World League (Men) Volleyball World Grand Prix (Women) Volleyball Club World Championship Beach Volleyball SWATCH World Tour Swatch FIVB World ChampionshipsAsian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is the continental governing body for the sport of volleyball in Asia.The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) was established on May 6, 1952, and since then AVC has become one of the largest continental volleyball associations in the world, with its member federations increasing to 65 from only 12 at the time of its set-up.AVC President: Saleh Bin Nasser (KSA) The Philippine Volleyball Federation (formerly the Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association) is the national governing body for volleyball in the Philippines. The Philippine Volleyball Federation (formerly known as PAVA) is the ONLY national governing body of volleyball in the country. Affiliated and accredited by the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and the Federation International de Volleyball (FIVB).Karl Chan (Tacloban) - current PVF President

Rustico Camaingan (Manila) PVF Secretary General

FIVB World Rankings (as of September - October 7, 2014)MENWOMEN1. BRAZIL1. USA2. RUSSIA2. BRAZIL3. POLAND3. CHINA4. ITALY4. JAPAN5. USA5. ITALY Ranked # 141. PHILIPPINES Ranked # 63. PHILIPPINESThe Philippine Super Liga (PSL) is the first corporate club volleyball league in the Philippines. It is organized by SportsCore Event Management and Consultancy, Inc. The league is envisioned to provide former collegiate players a league with which they can continue with their volleyball career. Founded in July 7, 2013.

The PSL began as a women's league during its inaugural tournament. A men's division was added for the succeeding tournament The Chairman is Philip Ella Juico; the President is Ramon Suzara, and the Commissioner is Dr. Adrian Laurel. The league's broadcast partner is Solar Sports.

Current PSL teams Grand Prix ConferenceWomens Teams:Cignal HD SpikersPetron Blaze SpikersGenerika Life SaversRC Cola Air Force RaidersMane N TailFoton TornadoesMens Teams:Cignal HD SpikersPLDT-Home TelpadMaybank TigersCavite PatriotsBench-SystemaBasic Equipment in VolleyballThe BallFIVB regulations state that the ball must be spherical, made of leather or synthetic leather, have a circumference of 6567cm, a weight of 260280g and an inside pressure of 0.300.325kg/cm2. Other governing bodies have similar regulations.The Net and CourtThe outdoor volleyball court measures 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone that is 2 meters wide on all sides. The minimum playing space for U.S. volleyball competitions is 7 meters. The volleyball net is 32 feet long by 3 feet wide. For women, the net should be 7 feet, 4 1/8 inches high. For men, the net should be 7 feet, 11 5/8 inches high. U.S. regulation volleyball playing surfaces must be flat and not present any hazards to the players.LinesThe playing court is marked by two sidelines and two end lines. All lines must be 2 inches wide and must be created with a light color that is easy to discern from the playing court. An attack line should be placed three meters from the center line. The center line divides the court into two 9 x 9 meter courts.Posts and CablesThe volleyball net structure is held together with metal cables and posts. Posts are placed 0.5 to 1.0 meter outside the sidelines and 2.55 meters high. Posts should be round, smooth and padded, to prevent injury to the players should they dive or crash into them. Metal wires and cables may need to be covered if it is determined that they present a danger to the players.Antenna and Side BandsAntenna are flexible rods that are 1.8 meters long made of fiberglass, fastened at the outer edge of each side band. Side bands are two white bands attached vertically to the net and placed above each sideline.Knee padsKnee pads should be sturdy enough to protect your knees from falls, slides and dives, but flexible enough to allow you to bend comfortably. Your volleyball knee pads must be made of fabric that breathes and manages moisture. Good quality pads have a gel or foam shock-absorbing material that will cover and protect your patella. It is best to purchase your pads from a reliable sporting goods store that will allow you to try them on.ShoesArch and ankle support is key when choosing a volleyball shoe. Mizuno, Asics and Nike are just a few of the popular brands of volleyball shoes, which are lightweight, allowing you to be faster on your feet, as well as bearing good shock absorption on your toes. Volleyball shoes also provide for better lateral movement than typical running or cross-training shoes.Clothing and JewelryAll clothing should be lightweight to allow maximum flexibility and breath-ability, as well as made of a material that absorbs sweat and keeps skin dry. Spandex shorts are a good option, as they are flexible, light and absorb odor. Socks, while not required, absorb sweat and prevent blisters. Jewelry is not permitted in volleyball, with the exception of smooth wedding bands. Glasses must be worn with a strap to keep them secure.

Six Basic Skills of Volleyball

Serve - Used to put the ball in play. The action is done witharm swingthat sends the ball over the net into the opponent's court.

Types of serve

Underhand Overhead Sidearm Side spin Hammer

Floater: As the name indicates, a floater serve travels to the opponent court without spinning. It is rather tricky and deceiving as it moves erratically; either straight, left or right making hard for the opponent to figure out where the ball will land. For a good floater, you must hold the ball with the left palm and have the other arm slightly bend. Toss the ball with no spin and strike the middle of it with the heel of your palm. Remember to keep your hand open and flat when striking. Do not follow through; just strike with a quick move.

TopspinDuring a topspin serve, the ball spins hastily without changing its course. For some players, it is considered to be an easy serve, but it is not. Despite the fact that the opponent knows exactly where the ball is going to land, the ball's velocity makes it hard for him/her to counter-attack the hit.

For a topspin serve, you must toss the ball higher than the floater, almost four feet above your head. If the ball is not tossed that high, then you may not be able to finish your serve properly. Toss the ball while spinning; fully extend your arm to strike the ball with the centre of the palm and follow through.

Jump ServeThis type is the most popular one, especially among professional players, due to its power. You have to toss the ball even higher in jump serve to leave you space to jump and hit the ball. This reminds more of an attack as the additional motion helps you put on more power on the strike.

Jump serve is not that easy to perform as the other types. You must toss the ball with your serving hand. Toss the ball high above your head, take a step, jump and strike the ball at the top with your hand at full extension. Remember that you have to be behind the line when you start to serve but it is allowed to land inside the court. The power of the ball makes it a hard serve to pass.

Jump FloatThis serve combines the techniques of both floater and jump serve. You toss the ball but with no spin and you strike it while you are on the air. This will give extra power to your ball but will also make its course unpredictable.

Round House ServeThis is a rare type of serve that was mostly used in 1980s. Its unique difference is that in round house serve you must not bend your elbow. Professionals start with one shoulder facing the net and the arm totally straight. You toss the ball and strike it with a fast, swinging move of your arm. You hit the ball with the heel of your palm making it look like topspin serve.

Forearm Pass - Used to receive the ball from your opponents, as in service, or as a technique to accurately control the ball in a way that eliminates lifting or carrying the ball. Thefundamentalaction of passing is to rebound the ball off of the forearms (which are held together tightly with the palms and thumbs positioned together) from a slightly squatted and balanced position.

Setting - Used to receive a teammate's pass in order that the play may continue by passing the ball overhead to an attacker. The fundamental action of setting is to contact the ball with thefinger padsmomentarily at the forehead and following through with arms fully extended to the hitting target.

Type of SetsThe ONE BALLThe one provides the key to the quick attack. It forces the middle-blocker to wait and, perhaps, jump before moving to block near the sideline.The middle blocker has a problem with teams that run a successful middle attack. The attacker opposite her is jumping to spike. If she does not wait and at least raise her hands, the attacker hits an unobstructed one.If the middle blocker waits too long and the set goes elsewhere, she may be too late to help her teammate block. The attacker has the one-on-one matchup she ought to win. This type of strategy occurs often in advanced volleyball. All combinations begin with the quick set called a "one."

The TWO BALL

The two is a medium-height set that can be directed to any player on the court, including those in the back row. Above average teams will use the two ball to quicken its middle attack. Advanced teams quicken its right-side attack with a long, back two.The two, often called the "play set" or "combination set," is the workhorse of the middle attack. When a blocker jumps with a quick attacker, the second attacker hits a two. The setter uses the two as an alternative to a quick set when she has to come off the net to get to a short pass or the hitter is late.The height of a two ball can be 2-4 feet above net. The setter determines the height based on her attackers' tendencies, the play, and available hitters.The THREE BALL

The three, or inside shoot, is a quick set, usually directed to the middle-front attacker. Like the one, it functions both to score points and to draw blockers from other attackers.At its high point, the three ball reaches less than 3-feet above the net. It moves fast, meeting the hitter about halfway between the setter and the left sideline. The spiker attempts to jump and contact the ball before the middle and outside blocker converge to block her.To time the fastest three, the spiker jumps as the ball leaves the setters hands. To run a slower three ball, the hitter must be preparing to jump as the ball touches the setter's hands.

The FOUR BALL

The four, or outside shoot, is a low fast set that is directed to the left-front attacker. At its high point, the four is 3-5 feet above the net. The greater distance between the setter and the spiker makes the difference. The outside shoot moves faster, and is more difficult to time, than any other set. The left-front attacker meets the ball on the left sideline. The left-front attacker wants to jump and contact the ball before the middle-blocker moves and joins her left-blocker teammate.The FIVE BALLThe five, or high set, is the most common type of set for beginning teams. This set can be delivered to any hitter anywhere on the court. Above average teams will combine the high outside set to either of its outside hitters with the quick middle attack. Advanced teams use the five ball as a safety set when the setter receives a poor pass and cannot run the designed play.The high point of the five ball is 5-8 feet above the net and sometimes can be much higher depending upon the skill of the setter and other players. All hitters will wait until the ball has reached its high point before beginning their approach.

Kill or Attack - Used to put the ball into the opponent's court in order to earn a point or side out. The fundamental action of attackingincorporatesa quick approach followed by a strong, full arm swing, and follow-thru. Contemporary volleyball comprises a number of attacking techniques: Backcourt (or backrow)/pipe attack: an attack performed by a back row player. The player must jump from behind the 3-meter line before making contact with the ball, but may land in front of the 3-meter line. Line and Cross-court Shot: refers to whether the ball flies in a straight trajectory parallel to the side lines, or crosses through the court in an angle. A cross-court shot with a very pronounced angle, resulting in the ball landing near the 3-meter line, is called a cut shot. Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat/Dump: the player does not try to make a hit, but touches the ball lightly, so that it lands on an area of the opponent's court that is not being covered by the defense. Tool/Wipe/Block-abuse: the player does not try to make a hard spike, but hits the ball so that it touches the opponent's block and then bounces off-court. Off-speed hit: the player does not hit the ball hard, reducing its speed and thus confusing the opponent's defense. Quick hit/"One": an attack (usually by the middle blocker) where the approach and jump begin before the setter contacts the ball. The set (called a "quick set") is placed only slightly above the net and the ball is struck by the hitter almost immediately after leaving the setter's hands. Quick attacks are often effective because they isolate the middle blocker to be the only blocker on the hit. Slide: a variation of the quick hit that uses a low back set. The middle hitter steps around the setter and hits from behind him or her. Double quick hit/"Stack"/"Tandem": a variation of quick hit where two hitters, one in front and one behind the setter or both in front of the setter, jump to perform a quick hit at the same time. It can be used to deceive opposite blockers and free a fourth hitter attacking from backcourt, maybe without block at all.Block - Used to stop the ball from crossing the net as a result of an opponent's attack. A block is effective if it immediately places the ball back into the opponent's court or if it temporarily slows down the ball in order for a defender to make a dig. The fundamental action of blocking is to stand facing the net with feet shoulder width apart, arms nearly extended above the head, ready to jump above the net to deflect the ball back into the opponent's court.

Floor Defense - used to receive the opponent's attack. The key skills are digging and sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and is used more for balls that are hit near thedefender. The sprawl is a result of an attempted dig for a ball that is hit further away from the defender and resembles a dive.

ScoringWhen the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or not. If the ball hits the line, the ball is counted as in. The team that won the point serves for the next point. If the team that won the point served in the previous point, the same player serves again. If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point, the players of the team rotate their position on the court in a clockwise manner. The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points by a two-point margin is awarded the set. Matches are best-of-five sets and the fifth set, if necessary, is usually played to 15 points. Before 1999, points could be scored only when a team had the serve (side-out scoring) and all sets went up to only 15 points. The FIVB changed the rules in 1999 (with the changes being compulsory in 2000) to use the current scoring system (formerly known as rally point system), primarily to make the length of the match more predictable and to make the game more spectator- and television-friendly.

LIBEROIn 1998 the libero player was introduced internationally. The libero is a player specialized in defensive skills: the libero must wear a contrasting jersey color from his or her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball when it is entirely above net height. When the ball is not in play, the libero can replace any back-row player, without prior notice to the officials. This replacement does not count against the substitution limit each team is allowed per set, although the libero may be replaced only by the player whom he or she replaced.The libero may function as a setter only under certain restrictions. If she/he makes an overhand set, she/he must be standing behind (and not stepping on) the 3-meter line; otherwise, the ball cannot be attacked above the net in front of the 3-meter line. An underhand pass is allowed from any part of the court.The libero is, generally, the most skilled defensive player on the team. There is also a libero tracking sheet, where the referees or officiating team must keep track of whom the libero subs in and out for. There may only be one libero per set (game), although there may be a different libero in the beginning of any new set (game).COMMON VIOLATIONS1. Consecutive Contacts. A player may not hit the ball 2 times consecutively except when blocking, provided the contacts take place simultaneously. However, a player may make consecutive contacts on the teams first team contact, provided the contacts occur during one action.

2. Four Hits. It's a violation for a team to hit the ball 4 times before returning it.

3. Assisted Hit. It's illegal for a player or any object to assist a teammate in playing the ball.

4. Catch. It's illegal to catch or throw the ball. The ball must rebound from the hit.

5. Ball Crossing the Net Outside the Crossing Space. The ball must cross the net within the crossing space. The ball must cross over the net, between the antennaes and their imaginary extension, and without contacting the ceiling.

6. Reaching Over the Net. There are official volleyball rules for playing the ball at the net.

7. Penetration Under the Net. It's permitted for a player to step under the net into the opponents court provided that some part of the penetrating hand or foot is in contact with or is directly above the center line.

8. Contact with the Net. Contact with the net is only a fault if contact is made during the action of playing the ball or if it interferes with play.

9. Foot Fault. At the moment of service contact or take off for a jump serve, the server must not touch the court or the ground outside the service zone. After contact, he/she may step or land outside the service zone or inside the court.

10. Attacking Faults. The following are volleyball violations for attacking... A back row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of contact, the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

An opponent completes an attack hit on a served ball, when the ball is in the front zone and the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

The libero completes an attack hit, if at the moment of contact, the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by a libero in the front zone.

11. Blocking within the Opponents Space. A blocker may place his/her hands beyond the net provided this action doesn't interfere with the opponents play. It's legal to block beyond the net, provided... The ball would have crossed the net if not touched by a player and no member of the attacking team was in position to make a play.

The ball is falling near the net and no member of the attacking team is in position to make a play.

Contact with the ball is made after 3 team contacts. Rule Differences between Beach and Indoor Volleyball

Actually, beach and indoor volleyball are the same sport. Some basic rules apply equally in both of them. For example, a team can score in two ways; either make the ball land on the opposite court or when the opponent makes a foul. In both cases, players must pass the ball over the net with three passes maximum. And of course, the same player cannot hit the ball more than once.Despite the fact that beach and indoor volley have the same fundamental rules, there are some critical differences that make them distinctive sports. Specifically:- Indoor volley is played on a 18 x 9 meters court while beach volley is played on a 16 x 8 meters court.- Balls are different. In beach volleyball, the ball is softer yet bigger than indoor volleyball.- A volleyball team consists of six players. In beach volley, professional teams only have two players per on each team.- Indoor volleyball players must change places after every inning. That rule does not apply in beach volleyball.- Substitutions are not allowed in beach volleyball.- A beach volleyball match consists of three games. A team wins a game when reaches 21 points. If a team wins the first two games, then instantly wins the match. In both sports, a team has to win by two points.- In a beach volleyball match, players change courts every seven points. But when it comes to the third set, players change courts every five points.- Beach volleyball has a unique rule. Players can actually cross on the opposite court, passing underneath the net to catch the ball. Of course, direct contact with the opponents is not allowed.- An overhand pass with lots of spin is necessary and legal to indoor volleyball. Controversially, in outdoor volleyball, it has to look clean; the ball has to travel with little or no spin.- Be careful! When playing outdoors, block counts as one of the three legal hits.- When it comes to serve, the ball has to pass over the net with only one hit. Doubles are not allowed. Moreover, when the ball leaves your hands, your palms must be touching one another.- There is an exception in doubles in beach volleyball. You can only double a spike to slow it down.- Side setting over the net in outdoor volleyball is not permitted. Only direct setting in front of behind you is allowed.- Tipping is allowed in both sports. But, in beach volleyball you can only tip the ball with the top of your hand but in no way with an open hand.Volleyball is an addictive and electrifying sport to play as well as to watch. Once you get familiar with the official rules of both of them, playing either beach volleyball or modern indoor volleyball can be a thrilling experience.VOLLEYBALL TERMS AND DEFINITIONSACE A serve that your opponent cannot pass; this results immediately in a point.ANTENNA - The vertical rods (normally white and red) attached at the edges of the net 30 feet appart. The antennas are attached directly above the sidelines and are not-in-play.APPROACH The offensive players (spiker) quick footwork toward the net before he jumps in the air to spike the ball.ASSIST Passing or setting the ball to an offensive teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. This stat is normally only logged for high school, college, and National/Olympic team play.ATTACK The offensive action of hitting the ball. A players attempt to kit the ball so that it results in a point for their team.ATTACK ERROR An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following: 1) the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and ends play or goes into the net on the third hit, 3)the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point or sideout, 4) the attacker is called for a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is called for illegal contact (lift, double hit) on the attack.ATTACKER Also hitter or spiker. A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of ending play in his or her teams favor and gaining a point or sideout.ATTACK LINE A line 10 ft. from the net that separates the front row players from the back row players. Commonly referred to as the 10-foot line.BACKCOURT The area from the endline to the attack line.BACK SET A set delivered behind the setters back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker.BACK ROW ATTACK When a back row player attacks the ball by jumping from behind the 10 ft. line before hitting the ball. If the back row player steps on or past the 10 ft. line during take-off, the attack is illegal.BLOCK A defensive play by one or more front row players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitters court. It may be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with open hands.BUMP a common term for forearm passing.BUMP PASS The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand manner.CENTER LINE The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court into two equal halves.DIG Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for the art of passing an attacked ball close to the floor.DINK A legal push of the ball around or over blockers.DOUBLE HIT - Successive hits or contacts by the same player. (Illegal)FLOATER A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an erratic path. This is similar to a knuckle ball pitch in baseball.FOREARM PASS Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion.FREE BALL A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is usually called aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive positions.HITTER Also spiker or attackerJUMP SERVE A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and jumping into and hitting the ball in its downward motion.JOUST When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above the net.KILL - An attack that results in an immediate point or side out.LIBERO A defensive player who cannot serve, and never plays in the front row. This player has unique rules associated with the position; they can substitute for any player. Also referred to as the Defensive Specialist.LINE The marks that serve as boundaries of a court. If a ball hits the line, it is considered playable or in.LINE SHOT - A ball spiked down an opponents sideline, closest to the hitter and outside the block.MIDDLE-BACK A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover deep spikes.MINTONETTE The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan.OFF-SPEED HIT Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.OUTSIDE HITTER a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an approach which starts from outside the courtOVERHAND PASS A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the fingers and thumbs, played just above the forehead.OVERHAND SERVE Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder.OVERLAP refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the contact of the ball when serving.PANCAKE A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and the palm is slid along the floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and timed so that the ball bounces off the back of the hand.PASS see Forearm PassPOINT OF SERVICE A serve that results in a point (an ace by NCAA standards) as the serve is not returnable due to a bad pass by the receiver, this number includes aces.POWER TIP A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team.POWER VOLLEYBALL A competitive style of volleyball started by the Japanese.QUICK a player approaching the setter for a quick inside hitQUICK SET a set (usually 2 above the net) in which the hitter is approaching the setter, and may even be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This type of set requires precise timing between the setter and hitter.READY POSITION The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving to contact the ball.RECEPTION ERROR A serve that a player should have been able to return, but results in an ace (and only in the case of an ace). If it is a husband/wife play (where the ball splits the two receivers), the receiving team is given the reception error instead of an individual.RED CARD a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result of a red card may be a player is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the team loses a point. A red card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as a warning; it is up to the officials discretion.ROLL - a certain way to pass a ball in which the digger, or passer lays out an arm, passes the ball, and rolls over the shoulder (over the shoulder roll) or back (barrel roll) after passing the ball. This is a quick way to return to action after the play.ROOF - A ball that when spiked is blocked by a defensive player such that the ball deflects straight to the floor on the attackers side.ROTATION - The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving position following a side out.SERVE One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled exclusively by one player.SERVER The player who puts the ball into play.SERVICE ERROR - An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following occurs: 1) the ball hits the net or fails to clear the net, 2) the ball lands out of bounds, or 3) the server commits a foot fault.SERVICE WINNER A point the serving team scores when this player has served the ball. The point can be an immediate (in the case of an ace) or delayed (a kill or opponent attack error after a long rally). Therefore, the sum of the teams service winners equals their score.SET The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can spike it into the opponents court.SETTER the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who sets the ball with an Overhand Pass for a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the offense.SIDE OUT Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error, and the receiving team thus gains the right to serve.SIX PACK Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball.SPIKE Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponents floor or off the opponents blocker.UNDERHAND SERVE a serve in which the ball is given a slight under-hand toss from about waist high and then struck with the opposite closed fist in an underhand pitching motion.WIPE when a hitter pushes the ball off of the opposing block so it lands out of boundsYELLOW CARD a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow card. Any player or coach who receives two yellow cards in a match is disqualified. A single yellow card does not result in loss of point or serve.

Prepared by: Mr. Armel C. Loon BPE., MATPEP.E 204 Instructor