467_age 204 Lecture Notes
Transcript of 467_age 204 Lecture Notes
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SAFETY OF PERSONELS IN THE WORKSHOPIS ESSENTIAL TO PREVENT ACCIDENTSFROM OCCURING IN THE WORKSHOP.
MOST CASES OF ACCIDENTS THAT OCCURIN THE WORK ARE DUE TO THE INABILITYOF THE PERSONEL AND VISITORS TO BESAFETY CONCIOUS.
HENCE IT IS PARAMOUNT FOR INDIVIDUALWORKERS TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS WHILEWORKING IN THE WORKSHOP.
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THERE ARE SAFETY MEASURES THATMUST BE PUT IN PLACE BY EMLOYERS
OF LABOUR TO PREVENTS ACCIDENTSFROM OCCURING IN THE WORKSHOP
MANY ACCIDENTS CAN BE PREVENTED
FROM UCCURING IF THE WORKSHOPOWNERS WILLPROVIDE SAFE WORKINGCONDITIONS AND AS WELL AS TRAIN
ITS PERSONNEL IN SAFE WORKING
TECHNIQUES. THE DUTY OF THE EMPLOYER IS TO
PROVIDE;
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PROTECTIVE CLOHTING AND ATTIRE
WELL PLANNED WORSHOP LAYOUTWITH ADEQUATE WORKING SPACE
THAT IS NOT CONGESTED WITH GOOD
LIGHTNING AND VENTILATION.
PROPER MACHINE GUARDS FORREVOLVING PARTS
FUNDS TO REPAIR AND MAINTAINANCE
OF ALL MACHINERY TO BE IN GOODWORKING CONDITION.
SAFE TOOL STORAGE AREA
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FIRST AID AND FIRE FIGHTING
EQUIPEMENT
TRAIN PERSONNEL ON:
THE CORRECT WAY TO
PROSECUTE A JOB
THE CORRECT USE OF TOOLS
AND MACHINES
THE CORRECT WAY TO CARE
AND MAINTAIN TOOLS
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OTHER FACILITIES SUCH AS ADEQUATE
EMERGENCY EXITS ,PROVISION OFEXTRACTOR FANS, HOODS, HIGHCEILING DESIGN, EMERGENCY
SHOWERS, CONVENIENCIES SUCH ASLAVATORIES AND FREE SPACE FORPEOPLE TO MOVE AROUND WITHOUT
COMING TO CLOSE MACHINES MUST BE
PROVIDED TO MEET THE MINIMUMREQUIREMENT FOR WORKSHOP
CERTIFICATION.
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THE DUTY OF THE PERSONNEL IS TOMAKE SURE THAT WHENEVERPERFORMING ANY JOB IN THE
WORKSHOP IT MUST BE DONE WITHUTTERMOST CARE NOT HAVE ANY INJURYOR ACCIDENT BY ADHERING TO SAFETYGUIDES. HE OR SHE MUST KEEP THE
WORKSHOP TIDY AND ORGANIZED .AVOID OVER CONFIDENCE ,
THOUGHTLESSNESS, FOOLISHNESS ANDBEING ABSENT MINDED.
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PERSONNEL MAKING USE OF THEWORKSHOP MUST ADHERE TO
FOLLOWING GUIDES:. DO NOT WEAR LOOSE GARMENT
!. MUST WEAR TIGHT FITTING CLOTH
".WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING#S SUCH ASEYE SHIELD, HELMET, NOSE PROTECTOR .
$. AVOID PLAYING IN THE WORKSHOP
%. ALWAYS WALK AND NOT TO RUN IN THE
WORKSHOP
&. REMOVE WRISTWATCHES OR ANYJEWELRIES WHEN IN THE WORKSHOP
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'. WEAR SHOES WITH STRONG TOECAPAND HIGHSOLED
(. REMOVE TIE TO WHILE WORKING INTHE WORKSHOP
). AVOID SPILLAGE OF OIL ON THE
FLOOR OF THE WORKSHOP.*.AVOID POURING OF WATER ON THE
FLOOR OR ANY MACHINERY IN THEWORKSHOP.
.NEVER OPERATE ANY MACHINERY YOUDO NOT KNOW HOW TO USE.
!.DO NOT LEAN ON ANY MACHINERY
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".ALWAYS KNOW THE CONDITION OFANY MACHINE BEFORE OPERATING IT
$.NEVER MANAGE A FAULTYMACHINE%.AVOID ANY ACTION THAT CAN LEAD
TO INJURY E.G. FORGETING THE
JACOBS# CHUCK KEY IN MACHINECHUCK
&.CHECK TERMINALS AND CABLES OFELECTRICAL APPLIANCES FOR ANY
EXPOSED PARTS MUST BE INSULATED.
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MEASURING TOOLS OR GAUGES
THESE ARE TOOLS USED TO MEASURE
DIMENSIONS ON WORKPEICE .+. ENGINEER#S STEEL RULE : THIS MADE OF STEEL ONONE OF THE FLAT FACE GRADUATIONS AREMARKED IN CENTIMETER AND INCHES. USED TOSET OUT DIMENSIONS.
++. FOLDING RULE IS OF ! METERS LONG USED TOMEASURE AND LAYOUT LARGER WORK.
+++. STEEL TAPE ARE OF LONGER LENGTH AND MADE OFFLEXIBLE STEEL CAN BE ABOVE ! METERS INLENGTH.
+. STEEL SQUARE IT IS L-SHAPED OF HARDENED STEEL
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WITH GRADUATIONS MARKS ON THE EDGES FORMEASUREMENT AND TO SET OUT )**ON WORK PIECE.
.UNIVERSAL BEVEL MADE OF STEEL. USED TOMEASURE OUT ANGLES ON JOB. OTHER TOOLS IN THISCATEGORY ARE THE COMBINATION SET, PROTRACTOR,ADJUSTABLE BEVEL
+.CALIPERS ARE NON-PRECISION LINEAR MEASURING
TOOLS FOR TRANSFERING OR COMPARING DIMENSIONFROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER USING THE STEELRULE OR THE VERNIER CALIPERS.
. OUTSIDE CALIPERS FOR CHECKING OR MEASURINGOUTSIDE DIMENSIONS OR PLATE THICKNESS.
/. INSIDE CALIPERS FOR CHECKING OR MEASURINGINTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF HOLE DIAMETERS.
0. HERMAPHRODITE OR ODD LEG CALIPERS USED TOSET OUT PARALLEL LINES TO THE EDGE OF WORKAND FOR LOCATING CENTRE POINTS OFCYLINDRICAL WORK.
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1. OTHER CALIPERS ARE INSIDE AND OUTSIDESPRING CALIPERS AND INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
TRANSFER CALIPERS.
++. PRECISION MEASURING TOOL
. MICROMETERS: THESE ARE PRECISION
MEASURING TOOLS ARE OF VARIOUS TYPES:-OUTSIDE MICROMETERS
- INSIDE MICROMETERS
- SCREW THREAD MICROMETERS
-DEPTH GAUGE MICROMETERS
THE OUTSIDE MICROMETER CAN MEASUREDIMENSION OF !.%$ MICROMETERS 2*.*** IN3.THE ACCURACY OF A MICROMETER IS BASED ONTHE TURNING OF A FINE SCREW THREAD KNOWNAS THE RATCHET. TO USE A MICROMETER, THEOBJECT TO BE
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MEASURED IS PLACED AT THE OPENING BETWEEN THEANVIL AND SPINDLE OF THE MICROMETER
FRAME. WHILE THE THIMBLE, IS ROTATED UNTILTHE OBJECT IS HELD IN PLACE. THE READINGS ISTAKEN ON THE THIMBLE AND BARREL SCALES TODETERMINE THE PRECISE MEASUREMENT.
/. VERNIER CALIPER USED TO MEASURE THE INSIDEAND OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF SHAFTS, THICKNESS
OF PARTS, DEPTH OF HOLES AND SLOTS. IT ISUSED FOR LONGER DIMENSION WHERE YOUCANNOT USE A MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE. THEACCURACY FOR VERNIER CALIPER IS *.**!44.
0. OTHER GAUGES USED IN THE WORKSHOP ARE:
-DEPTH GAUGE-TELESCOPIC GAUGE
- SCREW THREAD MICROMETER
- DEPTH GAUGE MICROMETER
- VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
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- VERNIER DEPTH GAUGE
- VERNIER GEAR-TOOTH CALIPER
1. SPECILIASED MEASURING TOOLS 2GAUGES3
GAUGES ARE FIXED-DIMENSION INSTRUMENT USEDTO CROSS CHECK PARTICULAR DIMENSION IN WORKPIECE FOR SPECIFIED TOLERANCE. IT REQUIRESMINIMUM TIME AND SKILL WHEN USED 2GUPTA )(3.GAUGES DO NOT HAVE GRADUATIONS AND CANNOT
BE ADJUSTED THEY ARE MADE TO CARRYOUT SPECIFICMEASUREMENT FOR A SOME PARTICULAR JOB WHICHIS TO BE PRODUCED IN LARGE QUANTITIES.
GAUGES CAN BE CLASSIFIED :
-ACCORDING TO TYPES2E.G. STANDARD AND LIMIT
GAUGES3 2GUPTA )(3- ACCORDING TO THEIR PURPOSE AND
- ACCORDING TO THE FORM OF THE TESTEDSURFACE. TYPES2E.G. SNAP , RING AND THREADGAUGES3 2GUPTA )(3
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+. THREAD GAUGE: ARE USED TO CHECK THE PITCHDIAMETER OF SCREW THREADS.
++. SNAP GAUGE: USE TO CHECK EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS.
+++. RING GAUGE: FOR CHECKING DIAMETERS OF SHAFTSOR STUDS
+. PLUG GAUGE: TO TEST ACCURACY OF HOLES
. SLIP GAUGE: ALSO KNOWN AS PRECISION GAUGEBLOCK. ARE USED TO CROSS CHECK THE ACCURACY
OF MEASURING INSTRUMENT SUCH AS MICROMETERS,CALIPERS, SNAP GAUGES , DIAL INDICATORS ETC
+. FEELER GAUGE TO CHECK AND SET CLEARANCEBETWEEN TWO SURFACES. MADE OF MANY THINSTEEL SHEET 2 LEAVES3 . EACH LEAF IS MARKED WITHITS THICKNESS WHICH VARY FROM *.*%44 TO 44.
++. SCREW PITCH GAUGE TO CHECK THE PITCH OFSREWS IT IS SIMILAR TO A FEELER GAUGE EXCEPT THELEAVES ARE NOTCHED AT ONE EDGE ACCORDING TOTHE VARIOUS PITCHES OF SPECIFIC THREADS.
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MARKING OUT TOOLS
MARKING OUT TOOLS ARE TOOLS USED TOMARK OUT LINES, ARCS ,CIRCLES ANDPOINTS ON SURFACE OF SHEET METALS
OF AREAS TO WORK ON. UNDER THISCATEGORY OF TOOLS YOU HAVE THEFOLLOWING:
3 SCRIBER MADE OF HARDENED STEEL. BOTH ENDS
ARE SHARP POINTED. ONE OF THE END IS BENT.USED TO SCRATCH OUT LINES ON METAL SURFACE.
/3 DIVIDER USE TO TRANSFER DIMENSIONS. TO DRAWARCS AND CIRCLES.
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03 TRAMMEL POINTS USE FOR DRAWING LARGERARCS AND CIRCLES.
13 PUNCHES ARE MADE OF TOOL STEEL .PUNCHESARE OF TWO TYPES:
- PRICK PUNCH: THE END HAS TAPERANGLE OF &** FOR MAKING SMALLINDENTATIONS. ESTABLISHING POINTS FORTHE DIVIDER AND TRAMMEL POINTS
-CENTRE PUNCH THE END HAS TAPERANGLE OF )** FOR MAKING BIGINDENTATIONS FOR POINTS TO DRILL.
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CUTTING TOOLS. CHISEL COLD CHISLE ARE USED TO CUT AND
SHEAR METAL .THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES
-FLAT-CAPE
- DIAMOND POINT
- ROUND
!. SNIPS: ARE SIMILAR TO A PAIR OF SCISSORS BUTARE HEAVIER AND USED TO CUT SHEET METALSOF LESS THICKNESS
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PLIERS ARE USED FOR GRIPPING ORHOLDING SHEET METALS ARE OFVARIOUS TYPES WHICH ARE:
. FLAT NOSE PLIER
!. ROUND NOSE PLIER
". SLIP JOINT PLIER
HACKSAW FOR CUTTING METALS
FILES ARE USED FOR REMOVING SMALLAMOUNT OF MATERIAL FROM METALS .