Laboratory 2 - Sedimentary Rocks 2013

8/13/2019 Laboratory 2 - Sedimentary Rocks 2013

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Sedimentary rocks


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Weathering is the general process by which rocksand soils are broken down at Earth's surface(through contact with the Earth's atmosphere,biota and waters) to produce sediment particles.

-in takes place in-situ (in place no mo ement)

!here are two types of weathering

mechanical or physical weathering chemical weathering


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Physical weathering thermal stress - e"pansion and contraction of rock, caused by

temperature changes


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Physical weathering frost weathering


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Physical weathering pressure release


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Physical weathering pressure release


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Physical weathering bio-mechanical


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#io-mechanical weathering


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$hemical weathering

$hemical weathering changes the composition ofrocks.

water interacts with minerals to create ariouschemical reactions.

-is a gradual and ongoing process as the mineralogyof the rock adjusts to the near surface en ironment.

%ew or secondary minerals de elop from theoriginal minerals of the rock. &n this the processesof oxidation and hydrolysis are most important.


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umidity

!emperature !opography !ime Surface area


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Erosion Erosion is the process by which soil and rock

are removed from the Earth s surface bye"ogenetic processes such as wind or waterflow, and then transported and deposited inother locations.


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!ransport agents - *ra ity


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!ransport agents - ind


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!ransport agents - ind


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!ransport agents &ce


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!ransport agents ater- +lu ial

transport


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!ransport agents ater- $ostal

transport


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aterial transport in a ri er


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Sediments s.Sedimentary rocks

sand Sand stone

uart grains cement


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$ementation of soils

/ores ( oids)

$lasts (soil particles)

$ement precipitation


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Sand stone

onglomerate

$lay stoneSilt stone

Sedimentary rocksclassification


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/article Shape


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/article shape - Spherisity


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$onglomerate#recia


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/article sorting 0 uniformity ofparticles


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$lay minerals


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!etraedric layer

!

"ctaedric layer

"trioctaedric dioctaedric

$lay minerals


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#$# %!-"&$lay minerals


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'$# %!-"-!& $lay minerals


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Laboratory 2 - Sedimentary Rocks 2013

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Transcript of Laboratory 2 - Sedimentary Rocks 2013