Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks Most sedimentary rocks are...
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Transcript of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks Most sedimentary rocks are...
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Most sedimentary rocks are composed… ADD HERE
The sediments that are weathered from older rock are transported to new locations by an erosional agent –
like streams or glaciers.
Most of these sediments will eventually be deposited as horizontal beds in large bodies of water. Over
time, these deposited sediments will transform into sedimentary rock through a number of different
processes including:
-- COMPACTION-- CEMENTATION
-- CHEMICAL ACTION-- ORGANIC PROCESSES
Compaction and Cementation
Many sediments exposed to movements of the Earth and/or the weight of overlying large bodies of water over long periods of time are “compressed” together – reducing pore space and
volume between sediments or clasts. This is known as compaction.
Most sediments that experience compaction also experience cementation.
Cementation occurs when dissolved minerals in water precipitate in the pore space between sediments “cementing” them together.
Shale is formed from the… ADD
HERE
Sandstone is formed from
the… ADD HERE
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Action
Water at Earth’s surface contains many soluble minerals (minerals dissolved in water).
When water evaporates, the minerals in solution will precipitate out as a solid, crystalline form known as an evaporite. Evaporites
are composed of one mineral and are non-clastic. Non-clastic sedimentary rocks are rocks… ADD HERE
Evaporites are also called chemical sedimentary rock.
A B C
Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks (evaporites) include: rock salt (A), rock gypsum (B), and dolostone (C).
Non-Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Organic Processes Bioclastic Sedimentary Rocks
Some sedimentary rocks are formed from the organic processes of living things. These rocks are often referred to as… ADD HERE
Bioclastic sedimentary rocks are those made by… ADD HERE
Bituminous Coal is compacted
remains of plants.
Fossiliferous Limestone is
formed by the compaction and cementation of shell fragments.
Distinguishing Features of Sedimentary Rocks
5.
6. Some sedimentary rock preserves features that may
appear… ADD HERE