Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary...

55
Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks

Transcript of Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary...

Page 2: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

• Rocks are partly identified by origin:• Igneous

• Sedimentary• Metamorphic

Page 3: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Sedimentary Rocks

Page 4: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Wow!

• Seventy percent of all the rocks on earth are sedimentary rocks.

Page 5: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

• Several Steps

• Erosion• Deposition• Compaction• Cementation

Page 6: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 7: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 8: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Erosion/Weathering• Occurs when running water or wind loosens

and carries away fragments of rocks.

Page 9: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Erosion

• Erosion is the breakdown of the continents and the land around you.

Page 10: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 11: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 12: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 13: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Erosion is destructive!!!

What causes erosion?• Wind, water, heat, cold, rain, waves, grinding

ice

Page 14: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

• Boulders become sand. Mountains are rained on and become hills. The pieces of the mountain become smaller pieces and go down the sides of hills. Weathering and erosion always happen in a downhill direction.

Page 15: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Fire Island Erosion

Page 16: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 17: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Erosion

Page 18: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 19: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

2. Deposition

When the sediments settle out of the wind or water.The Sediment will sink to bottom of lake or ocean

Page 20: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

The sediments are deposited into a body of water like you are depositing

money in a bank

Page 21: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 22: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 23: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Deposition

Page 24: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Compaction

• It is a process• Thick layers of sediment build up• Layers become heavy and press down on

layers beneath• Sediments are pressed together

Page 25: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Compaction

Page 26: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 27: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Compaction Diagram

Page 28: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 29: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 30: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

3. Cementation

• Word connection- cement– First Minerals in rock dissolve– Next, cement seeps into spaces between particles– Then, dissolved minerals crystallize and GLUE the

particles together

Page 31: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

See the cement? See the large pebbles?

Page 32: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 33: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Compaction and Cementation

• These processes cause loose sediments to turn into rocks

• This takes millions of years!!!!

• http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0604/es0604page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Page 34: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 35: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

• grains of different sizes settle under the action of gravity. • adding the pressure causes compaction (center). • Cementation (right) is one of the final processes that turns sediment into

rock.

Page 36: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Types of Sedimentary RocksClastic- formed by rock fragments squeezed together

Page 37: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Conglomerate

Page 38: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

• Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock • contains rounded particles/pebbles that are

cemented together• Has a large range of particle sizes

Page 39: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Organic

• made from living things (coral, clams, oysters, snails, shells, skeletons, leaves)– Coal– Limestone(chalk)

Page 40: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Organic Sedimentary Rock with Fossils

Page 41: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 42: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Plant fossils

Page 43: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 44: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Chemical

• when minerals dissolve in a solution and crystallize

• Calcite to limestone• Halite to mineral salt• gypsum

Page 45: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 46: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

In September, 2012, NASA's Mars rover Curiosity discovered an outcrop of conglomerate exposed on the surface of Mars

Page 47: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Martian Conglomerate: This image was acquired by NASA's Curiosity rover on the surface of Mars. It shows an outcrop of conglomerate and some pebble-size

weathering debris. The round pebbles are too large to have been moved and shaped by wind, thus they had to have been transported a significant distance by water. This photo from September 2012 was the strongest evidence of the

existence of water on Mars that had been obtained at that time.

Page 48: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.

Stop

Page 49: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 50: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 51: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 52: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 53: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 54: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Page 55: Identifying Rocks Sedimentary rocks. Rocks are partly identified by origin: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.