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TCE - I.M.B.
Genetically Modified Soybeanin Romaniain Romania
-economic aspects
The Great Braila Island Farm
Lucian Buzdugan - General Manager
Genetically Modified Soybeanin Romaniain Romania
economic aspects-
The Great Braila Island Farm
General Manager March 23, 2010
Brussels
BackgroundSoya in Romania
� Leading soya producing country in Europe
� Production of about 300 to 350 Thousand Metric
� But small by world standards (0.15% of total global
� Highly concentrated cultivation area
� 60% of GM soya (84kha) grown in 3 counties
� Core group of very large, highly professional growers
Roundup Ready SoyaRoundup Ready Soya
� One of the first GMO crops registered for cultivation
� Very rapid uptake and penetration
� Status 2006
� 5 Monsanto RR varieties
� 1 Pioneer RR variety
EU accession of Romania – 01 January 2007
� No transition requested by Gov’t for continuing
� Intensive activist activity to destabilizeregistration into 2007 upon EU accession
� RO Gov’t announced a huge subsidy programSoya
Background
Metric Tons (Italy produces about 500 TMT)
global production)
counties (total of 142kha GM soya in 2006)
growers with +500ha of farmland
cultivation in Europe (1999)
continuing GM soy cultivation during accession talks
existing situation and stop extension of RR
program for 2006 to support cultivation of conventional
Soybean map of Romania1999-
Soybean map of Romania-2006
Soya hectares grown by county
ARAD
BIHOR
GIURGIU
TIMIS
TELEORMAN
Soya hectares grown by county
IASI
BOTOSANI
VASLUI
█ 10000 &+ ha
█ 5000-10000 ha
█ 1000-5000 ha
█ 300-1000 ha
█ 100-300 ha
█ 0-100 ha
Soybeans area [ha]
BRAILA
CALARASI
IALOMITA
GALATI
GIURGIU
TULCEA
TELEORMANCONSTANTA
The evolution of the soybeans cultivated area
ROMANIA
143,9
199,2
140
160
180
200
220
15,5
32,2
17,331,1
39,6
61,6
86,1
137,3
0 0 0
99,8
117 118
71,8
128,8121
143,9
113,1
52,947,5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Genetical Modified Total area GM Soybean Total soybean
The evolution of the soybeans total production
ROMANIA
298,5312,8
240,7250
300
350
183
69,5 72,7
145
224,9240,7
107,494,5
0
50
100
150
200
250
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Soybean's total production
TCE I.M.B.
The Great Braila Island
RR soybean The evolution of soybean cultivated area
The Great Braila Island
Ron / haTotal income per ha
Kg/haAverage Production
MUNotes
TCE I.M.B.How conventional soybean compares
economically with RR varieties?2007 comparable prices
Ron / haProfit / loss
Ron / ha*herbicides
Ron / haTotal costs, of which:
Ron / ha*subsidy per tonne 300 RON
Ron / ha*direct payment (per hectare) 80 €
Ron / ha*price per ton (equiv. 300 €)
Ron / haof which:
2631.8204.810Ron / ha
2901.2003.500Kg/ha
Non-GMORR%
SoybeanMU
How conventional soybean compares economically with RR varieties?
2007 comparable prices(1 EUR= 3.4 RON)
-- 640+ 2.970Ron / ha
9,386080Ron / ha
752.4601.840Ron / ha
2913601.050Ron / ha
100260260Ron / ha
2911.2003.500Ron / ha
2631.8204.810Ron / ha
The comparative costs with herbicides for soy production
TCE I.M.B.
6,82,5lPre-emergentGuardian2.
16,73,0-4.0lPre-emergentGliphosate1.
Cost
per haUnit
price
Dose
UM/ha
Conventional soybeans
MUTreatmentName of productNr
crt
228.6xxxXTotal
---lPost-emergent Glyphosate10.
--lPost-emergentGlyphosate9.
16,73,0lDesiccation/
dryingGlyphosate8.
501,6lPost-emergentPantera 40 EC7.
1261,0lPost-emergentPulsar 406.
602,5lPost-emergentBasagram F5.
4.4550,025kgPost-emergentHarmony 50 SG4.
1330,3kgPre-emergentSexone 75 DF3.
The comparative costs with herbicides for soy production – 2007
-----52.352.3550
-----17.082.3514.73
Total
Cost
per ha
Cost
with
treat
Cost
per haUnit
prize
Dose
UM/ha
Total
cost
per ha
Cost
with
treat
Cost
per ha
RR soybeansConventional soybeans
Eur
24.344.719.64xx247.4118.8228.6
12.172.359.8216,72--
12.172.359.8216.72---
-----17.082.3514.73
-----25.882.3523.53
-----39.352.3537
-----46.472.3544.12
-----35.112.3532.76
-----14.092.3511.74
Combaterea buruienilor la soia conventionalaSpecification
Herbicides Roundup Guardian Lexone
Active ingredient Glyphosate 360 g/l Acetoclor 820-860 g/l Metribuzin 70%
Date of application Pre-emergent + desiccant Pre-emergent
Dose 2 + 2 2,5 0,5
Cost (lei/UM)
(lei/ha)
13
52
41
103
188
94
1.Dycotils weeds
Abutilon th -
Solanum nigrum (x)
Xanthium sp -
Cirsium arv (x) (x)
Gallium sp - (x)
Chenopodium album
Datura
Brassica sp - -
Sinapis arv -
Sonchus sp -
Convolvulus sp - (x)
Weed control for conventional soybean
Polygonum sp
Capsela bursa past - -
Hibiscus trionum - -
Matricaria spp -
Portulaca oleracea
Amaranthus spp
Ambrozia elatior - -
Atriplex patula - -
Galeopsis tetrahit -
Raphanus raphanistrum - -
Thlaspi arvense - -
Rumex spp - -
2. mono weeds
Setaria sp
Echinochloa
Digitaria sanguinalis
Panicum sp -
Sorghum halepense rizomi
Bromus tetorum -
Alopecurus
Avena fatua -
Combaterea buruienilor la soia conventionalaHarmony 50 Pulsar Basagran Pantera Total
Thyfensulfuron
metil 500Imazamox 40 g/l Bentazon 480 g/l Quizalofop-p-tefuril 40g/l X
2-4 leaves of dycotils weedsSorghum halepense 15-20
cm
0,024 1,0 2,5 1,7 12,2
5.609
135
195
195
97
242
70
119
x
940
-
(x) -
-
(x) -
- - -
- -
(x) -
- - -
-
- - - -
- (x) -
Weed control for conventional soybean
- -
- -
- - -
- -
- -
- -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- (x) -
- - -
- - -
- - -
Profitability of soybean cultivation
3 200
3 600
4 000
4 400
4 800
Support on the unit surface Support on the product tones
Others cost Herbicides
Conventional soybean
TCE I.M.B.
260
360
1200
1600
860
-640
-800
-400
0
400
800
1 200
1 600
2 000
2 400
2 800
3 200
1820
2460
Profitability of soybean cultivation
Support on the product tones Income from sale/tones
Profit/loss
Roundup Ready soybean
4810
260
1050
3500
1760
80
2970
1840
TCE I.M.B.
WHY ROUNDUP READY SOYBEAN?
CONVENTIONAL SOYBEAN
WHY ROUNDUP READY SOYBEAN?
Roundup Ready SOYBEAN
Why ROUNDUP READYSOYBEAN?
TCE I.M.B.
CONVENTIONAL SOYBEAN
Why ROUNDUP READYSOYBEAN?
Roundup Ready SOYBEAN
Weed Infestation
TCE I.M.B.
70
80
90
100
Phragmites communis
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 Phragmites communis
Sorghum halegense
Cirsium arsense
Sonchus spp
Solanum nigrum
Xanthium strumarium
Weed Infestation
Phragmites communis
Conventional soybean
Phragmites communis
Sorghum halegense
Xanthium strumarium
TCE I.M.B.
Why ROUNDUP READY soybeans?
No Till (directly drilled after harvest)
Why ROUNDUP READY soybeans?
Min Till
TCE I.M.B.
Why ROUNDUP READY soybeans ?
Wheat in no till system
Why ROUNDUP READY soybeans ?
Same field at harvest time
Why ROUNDUP READY soybeans ?
TCE I.M.B.
Characteristics of RR soybeans cultivation
�High green mass ;�More numerous nitrogen fixing bacteria�The nitrogen amount left in the soil is 50-100 kg/ha;
Characteristics of conventional soybeans Characteristics of conventional soybeans cultivationcultivation
� Le� The nitrogen amount left in the soil is 10�Chemical nitrogen fertilizer needed� Pollution of the water table� Increased weed seed reserve in the soil
�The nitrogen amount left in the soil is 50-100 kg/ha;� Nitrogen chemical fertiliser is necessary in reduced volume� A much lower presence of tough weeds in the following crop (investment)�Better control & planning of farm activities, less peaks (3 major crops);�Biodiversity conservation around RR soya fields�Relative simple technology based on a single herbicide
� Pollution of the water table� Increased weed seed reserve in the soil�Numerous costs�Harvest quality is poorer
Why ROUNDUP READY soybeans ?
Characteristics of conventional soybeans Characteristics of conventional soybeans cultivationcultivation
Less green mass with less nitrogen fixing bacteriaThe nitrogen amount left in the soil is 10-15 kg/ha;Chemical nitrogen fertilizer neededPollution of the water tableIncreased weed seed reserve in the soilPollution of the water tableIncreased weed seed reserve in the soilNumerous ag operations resulting in additional
costsHarvest quality is poorer
TCE I.M.B.
� Increase yields significantly;
� Diminish soil erosion and compaction (min till);
� Significant benefits in the crop rotation pattern;
� Significant reduction in number of sprayings;
� Permanent reduction in fuel use and CO2 emissions;
Herbicide tolerant biotech cropsSummary of key attributes
� Permanent reduction in fuel use and CO2 emissions;
� Produce better crop (and food) quality;
� Increase convenience and management flexibility;
� Conservation of soil moisture;
� Increase the efficiency of water usage;
� Contribute to sustainable economic benefits.
Diminish soil erosion and compaction (min till);
Significant benefits in the crop rotation pattern;
emissions;
Herbicide tolerant biotech cropsSummary of key attributes
emissions;
Increase convenience and management flexibility;
TCE I.M.B.
Why GMO crops?
GMO corn
Why GMO crops?
Conventional corn
TCE I.M.B.
Why GMO crops?
GMO corn
Why GMO crops?
Conventional corn
TCE I.M.B.
Why GMO crops?
GMO corn
Why GMO crops?
Conventional corn
TCE I.M.B.
Why GMO crops?
GMO corn
Why GMO crops?
Conventional corn
FromFromFromFrom thethethethe EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean CommissionCommissionCommissionCommission
What are the expectations of the Romanian farmers
TCE I.M.B.
�To approve the re-introduction of RR soybean
�Has favorable climatic conditions.
�Suitable for up to 1 million ha.
�Can be self-sufficient for vegetable protein
�Can provide substantial amounts (1-2 million�Can provide substantial amounts (1-2 million
�Production costs for RR soybeans are lower
�Environmental benefits due to less pesticide
�To approve cultivation of 3 types of transgenic
consumption):
�Among all EU countries, Romania has the
�The herbicide treatment expenditures would
�Beneficial impact over environment.
�Improved quality of final product.
�To allow Member States to make their own decision
after EFSA scientific opinion issued.
�To support and guarantee all agricultural systems
What are the expectations of the Romanian farmers
soybean into cultivation in Romania, that
protein.
million tons) of soybeans to the EU mkt .million tons) of soybeans to the EU mkt .
lower than for conventional varieties.
pesticide application.
transgenic maize (that are already authorized for
the widest weed reserve
would diminish drastically.
decision regarding the cultivation of PG crops,
systems – organic, conventional and biotech.
FromFromFromFrom thethethethe BiotechnologyBiotechnologyBiotechnologyBiotechnology ResearchResearchResearchResearch
What are the expectations of the Romanian farmers
TCE I.M.B.
�To focus on and deliver products addressing
�Row and oilseed crops and with draught resistance
�Rapeseed resistant to coleopterans (cheuthorincus),�Rapeseed resistant to coleopterans (cheuthorincus),
temperature (to avoid winterkill) and…..
�Maize – events with resistance to a wider
tanymecus spp and tetranychus).
�Crops (other than legumes) able to efficiently
biologic N in the soil
�Crops able to tolerate salty soils and/or excess
�Plants able to better use macro- and micro
absorption capacity.
�Crops able to process increased amounts
�Crops suitable to green energy production,
for conventional energy.
ResearchResearchResearchResearch
What are the expectations of the Romanian farmers
their needs:
resistance (wheat, corn, soybeans etc.).
(cheuthorincus), attack, but also tolerant to low(cheuthorincus), attack, but also tolerant to low
pest range (ostrinia, helicoverpa, agriotes spp,
efficiently utilize the atmospheric N and to generate
excess humidity.
micro elements of the soil through increased
of CO2 to reduce greenhouse effects.
production, as an alternative to the depleting resources
TCE I.M.B.
Conclusion: Europe must move forward
� Publicly acknowledge agricultural biotechnology;
� Allow EFSA to deliver safety opinions on biotech products and base decisions on these conclusions;
� Allow biotech products to be placed on the market;
Green Biotechnology Manifesto
� Allow biotech products to be placed on the market;
� Set up workable thresholds for adventitious presence of biotech seeds in seed lots;
� Monitor implementation of measures to ensure alignment with the EU recommendations on coexistence.
� European farmers should support technology more vocally;
� Policies should not discriminate against biotechnology;
� Need to actively inform citizens about the technology, its safety, its advantages and the existing regulatory framework.
Conclusion: Europe must move forward
Publicly acknowledge agricultural biotechnology;
Allow EFSA to deliver safety opinions on biotech products and base decisions on
Allow biotech products to be placed on the market;Allow biotech products to be placed on the market;
Set up workable thresholds for adventitious presence of biotech seeds in seed lots;
Monitor implementation of measures to ensure alignment with the EU
European farmers should support technology more vocally;
Policies should not discriminate against biotechnology;
Need to actively inform citizens about the technology, its safety, its advantages and
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TCE I.M.B.
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Thank you !
TCE - I.M.B.
Thank you !Thank you !Thank you !