Kseniia Shumelchyk - Android iBeacon development

MILAN 20/21.11.2015

Kseniia Shumelchyk – SoftServe Inc./GDG Dnipropetrovsk Android Wear iBeacon development

MILAN 20/21.11.2015 - Kseniia Shumelchyk

iBeacons


iBeacon

-  iBeacon is a protocol standardised by Apple and introduced at the WWDC in 2013

-  Based on top of BLE

-  BLE works starting from 4S on Apple

-  BLE works starting from 4.3 on Android


Internal structure


Typical Beacon usage


What is BLE?

Bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth Smart) is a

wireless personal area network technology aimed

for novel applications in the healthcare, fitness,

beacons, security, and home entertainment

industries


What is BLE?

-  Not backward-compatible (with classic Bluetooth protocol)

-  Uses same radio frequencies - 2.4 GGZ

-  1 Mbps (1-3 Mbps with regular bluetooth)

-  Embedded devices & wearables


Specification Technical Specification Classic Bluetooth

technology Bluetooth Smart technology

Distance/Range (theoretical max.) 100 m (330 ft) >100 m (>330 ft)

Over the air data rate 1–3 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s

Active slaves 7 Not defined; implementation dependent

Minimum total time to send data 100 ms 3 ms

Power consumption 1 W as the reference 0.01 to 0.5 W (depending on use case)


Generic Attribute Profile (GATT)

-  Client - A device that initiates GATT commands and requests, and accepts

responses, for example a computer or smartphone

-  Server - A device that receives GATT commands and requests, and returns

responses, for example a temperature sensor.

-  Characteristic - A data value transferred between client and server, for

example the current battery voltage.


Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) -  Service - A collection of related characteristics, which operate together to

perform a particular function. For instance, the Health Thermometer service

includes characteristics for a temperature measurement value, and a time

interval between measurements.

-  Descriptor - A descriptor provides additional information about a characteristic.

For instance, a temperature value characteristic may have an indication of its

units (e.g. Celsius), and the maximum and minimum values which the sensor

can measure.


GATT Operations -  Discover UUIDs for all primary services

-  Find a service with a given UUID

-  Find secondary services for a given primary service

-  Discover all characteristics for a given service

-  Find characteristics matching a given UUID

-  Read all descriptors for a particular characteristic

Internals


Beacon’s Advertisement

-  Beacon advertises a data package called the Scan Response Data

-  This Data can be up to 31 bytes.

-  The scan response is divided into AD structures


Packet structure (1)

Ad Structure 1

0x02 0x01 0x1A

Remaining length AD Type Data

2 Flags Flag


Packet structure (2) Ad Structure 2

0x1B 0xFF 0xE0 0x00 0xBE 0xAC

Remaining length AD Type Manufacturer ID Beacon prefix

27 Manufacturer specific 224 (Google)


Packet structure (2)

Ad Structure 2

0x0C […] 0xBB 0x00 0x09 0x00 0x06 0xBA

UUID (16 bytes) Major Minor TX Power

9 6 -70


Internals

02 01 06 1A FF 4C 00 02 15: prefix (fixed except for 3rd byte - flags) B9 40 7F 30 F5 F8 46 6E AF F9 25 55 6B 57 FE 6D: UUID 00 49: major 00 0A: minor C5: measured TX power !


Android

-  Built in support for Android 4.3+

-  Central & peripheral roles

-  GATT server & GATT client

-  android.hardware.bluetooth_le feature

Android 4.3 & iBeacons


•  Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (1)

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> !

Check for permission

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/> !

Check for hardware



!final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); !

Get the BluetoothAdapter

!if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); } !

4. Enable Bluetooth



private LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { … // Parsing beacon data }); } }; !

Define callback

mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback); !Start BLE scanning

Android 5+ & iBeacons


Android 5.0+ for Beacons detection

-  New api to work with BLE devices

-  Background scanning

-  Filtering possibility

-  SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER mode

-  SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY mode


LOW_POWER LOW_LATENCY

Test duration 134 minutes 152 minutes

Battery Level Change -13% -25%

Battery Drain Rate 268mA 454mA

Relative Battery Savings 41% --

Typical time between detections 4400 ms 100 ms

http://developer.radiusnetworks.com/2014/10/28/android-5.0-scanning.html



private void setScanFilter() { ScanFilter.Builder mBuilder = new ScanFilter.Builder(); ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(23); ByteBuffer mManufacturerDataMask = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020"); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); } for (int i=0; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerDataMask.put((byte)0x01); } mBuilder.setManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array(), mManufacturerDataMask.array()); mScanFilter = mBuilder.build(); } !

Creating filter for scanning



•  ENTER FILENAME/LANG

private void setScanSettings() { ScanSettings.Builder mBuilder = new ScanSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setReportDelay(0); mBuilder.setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER); mScanSettings = mBuilder.build(); } !

Setting scanner settings




protected ScanCallback mScanCallback = new ScanCallback() { @Override public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) { ScanRecord mScanRecord = result.getScanRecord(); int[] manufacturerData = mScanRecord.getManufacturerSpecificData(224); int mRssi = result.getRssi(); } } !

Setting up callback




mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(Arrays.asList(mScanFilter), mScanSettings, mScanCallback); !

Start scanning

Android iBeacon emitter


Android Beacon emitter

-  Works starting from 5.0

-  Currently only Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and later models supported

-  BluetoothLeAdvertiser & AdvertiseData & AdvertiseSettings support classes

-  Different levels of transmitter power


•  Android iBeacon emitter (1)


protected void setAdvertiseData() { AdvertiseData.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder() ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020")); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); // Beacon Identifier mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); // Beacon Identifier for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); // adding the UUID } mManufacturerData.put(18, (byte)0x00); // first byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(19, (byte)0x09); // second byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(20, (byte)0x00); // first minor mManufacturerData.put(21, (byte)0x06); // second minor mManufacturerData.put(22, (byte)0xB5); // txPower mBuilder.addManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array()); mAdvertiseData = mBuilder.build(); } !

Setting emitter


•  Android iBeacon emitter (2)


protected void setAdvertiseSettings() { AdvertiseSettings.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_POWER); mBuilder.setConnectable(false); mBuilder.setTimeout(0); mBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_MEDIUM); mAdvertiseSettings = mBuilder.build(); } !

Setting up setting


Good to go, we can start advertising :) Good to go, we can start advertising :-D

ENTER FILENAME/LANG mBluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(mAdvertiseSettings, mAdvertiseData, mAdvertiseCallback); !

Start advertising

Android Wear app example

Use cases


On track - for runners


Shopping molls


Indoor navigation


Museums


Clinics


Hotel check-in & check-out


For disabled people

MILAN 20/21.11.2015

G+ KseniiaShumelchyk Fb Kseniya.Shumelchyk www www.dnipro.gdg.org.ua

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Kseniia Shumelchyk - Android iBeacon development

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