Knowledge Management andVirtual Learning

Learning machines support learning individuals

Prof. dr. Walter R. J. BaetsDirector Graduate Programs Euromed Marseille – Ecole de Management

Professor Information, Innovation and KnowledgeUniversiteit Nyenrode, The Netherlands Business School

NOTION

The Nyenrode Institute for KnowledgeManagement and Virtual Education

AchmeaMicrosoft

Atos/OriginPhilips

Sara Lee/DE

Wanderer, your footprints arethe path, and nothing more;Wanderer, there is no path,it is created as you walk.By walking,you make the path before you,and when you look behindyou see the path which after youwill not be trod again.Wanderer, there is no path,but the ripples on the waters.

Antonio Machado,Chant XXIX Proverbios y cantares,

Campos de Castilla, 1917

A very great musician came and stayed in our house,He made one big mistake …He was determined to teach me musicand consequently, no learning took place.Nevertheless, I did casually pick up from hima certain amount of stolen knowledge.

Rabindranath Tagore

You don’t know what you don’t know

The problem

You only know what you don’t know when you need it

… then, all classical learning comes too late

Just-in-time

Hence

Just-enough

Learning-by-doingLearning-while-doing

Learning from past (corporate) experiences

It has to do with the pedagogical metaphor

By the way

Empty Ship’s metaphorversus

Traveler's metaphor

Just like the optimal process does not exist

The optimal learning solution does not exist either

Strive for a 60 % solution

The advantage of e-learning technologies

Communicative tools on a wider (flexible) scale

Search engines

Origin of Taylor’s thinking in Management

The computer: attempt to automate human thinking

Manipulating symbols Modelling the brain

Represent the world Simulate interaction of neurones

Intelligence = problem solving Intelligence = learning

0-1 Logic and mathematics Approximations, statistics

Rationalist, reductionist Idealised, holistic

Became the way of building computers Became the way of looking at minds

Some principles that apply to knowledge

1. Complex Adaptive Systems: unpredictability2. Irreversibility of time principle (Prigogine)3. Behavior far away from equilibrium (Prigogine)4. Autopoiese (Varela)5. Embodied mind (Varela)6. Enacted cognition (Varela)7. Artificial life (Langton)8. Emergent behavior (agents; Holland)9. Law of increasing returns (Arthur)

ENVIRONMENT

Single-loop learning

ENVIRONMENT

Single-loop learning

Environmentalresponse

Individual action

INDIVIDUAL MENTAL MODEL &

FRAMEWORKS

INDIVIDUAL MENTAL MODEL &

FRAMEWORKS

ORGANIZATIONALROUTINES &

SHARED MENTALMODELS

ORGANIZATIONALROUTINES &

SHARED MENTALMODELS

Individual double-loop learning

Organizational double-loop learning

Organizational action

OADI-cycle/Individual learning

ASSESS

DESIGN

IMPLEMENT

OBSERVE

.The Hybrid Business School

EXPERIENCES

INDIVIDUAL MENTALMODEL &

TACIT KNOWLEDGE

SHARING AND COMMUNICATION

SHARED MENTAL MODEL &

KNOWLEDGEREPOSITORY

ContextualInter-Action

Contextualization

CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE

Real life Databases Procedures Simulators Executive seminars Concepts Theory

Inter-Action

IT for the Hybrid Business School

CASE BASEDREASONING

SYSTEM

Structuring

Advising

ARTIFICIAL NEURALNETWORKS &OTHER A.I.

TECHNIQUES

Sharing and Communicating the

Emergent

COMMUNICATIONPLATFORM /

NEURAL NETWORKS

Consultatio

n

Rules

Learning MaterialExpertise

DATA BASES LEARNING

ENVIRONMENT SIMULATORS EXPERT

SYSTEMS COMPUTER

BASED TEACHING

VIDEO-CONFERENCING

IT for the Corporate Knowledge Approach

Some interesting technologies

Artificial Neural NetworksGenetic AlgorithmsGenetic ProgrammingFuzzy LogicArtificial life/Agent simulationsNegotiating AgentsSemantic Search EnginesCase Based ReasoningLanguage technologiesMachine learning technologiesConversational technologies

Your knowledge infrastructure

Learning platform

Provide an ICTinfrastructurethat allows full

access and sharing facilities

Content

What knowledgeto share:•explicit•implicit•learned

Ownership (search/learn principles)Remains with those that use it

Those that want to learn decide what to learnJust-in-time, just-enough

Culture

Turn XYZinto a learning

culture (viaprojects)

Rewarding

Learning platform and search/learn principles

The knowledge net

Explicit knowledge (database)

Searc

h e

ngin

e

Implicit knowledge (case base)Case based reasoning systemCases stored in an adapted wayA methodology for case analysis and storageCorporate knowledge repository Notion

Learned knowledge (case base)Explicit knowledge that is enhanced via experienceUsing the same methodology for implicit knowledgeInterviews with key knowledge owners

Open learning platformCollaborative tools

Dedicated search enginesAccessibility for all

Open to connect ‘any’application

Solution for e-learning

The userwith its learning

agenda

Some (Best) Practices

XeroxHeineken

Atos OriginSara Lee/DE

McKinseyDutch Police Knowledge Network

General practitioners and hospital knowledge

INTERNETINTRANET

PCCD ROM

BOOKS

WWW site + other knowledge applications

A TYPICAL MANAGEMENT DIPLOMA COURSE 3O % SELF-STUDY (learning-by-doing) 2O % WORKSHOPS 50 % PROJECT WORK

SKIL

LS/

ACTIV

ITIE

S

CASES

CONCEPTS

LEARNING/DATABASE SOFTWARE

EXECUTIVECOURSES

HYPERTEXTDATABASE

MBI&I

Executive Programs

Design of corporate virtual

universitiesModules

of the MBI&I

Workshops oninnovation

Action research programs

E-learning supportfor classroom

activities

E-learningsolutions

Over a period of 18 months

700 hours 900 hours 300 hours

Developing anintrapreneurial project (1)

Developing anintrapreneurial project (2)

E-ntrepreneurships project

9 courses based onvirtual (tutor

supported) individualand group study

6on-campus

weeksof

workshops

The Hybrid Business School

Building Blocks

Ownershiplearn/search

Learning Agenda(Pers. Development)

cult

ure

plat

form

IC

T

cont

ent

Explicit knowledge

Implicit knowledge

Sear

ch

engi

ne

learner+

learningagenda

Knowledge platform

case

sSki

llsActi

vitie

s

Concepts

Pra

ctic

es

Hyp

er

linke

d

Hyp

er

linke

d

Methodology Actions Outcomes(company-specific)

Brainstorm

4 Brainstorms

Project team• Notion• MD/HRM• Line mgt• IT• Marketing/R&D

IT/Application plan

White Paper(Board approval)E-learning view

4 Action plans(Board approval)

Infrastructure(Plan)

Architecture

Knowledge Management andVirtual Learning

Learning machines support learning individuals

Prof. dr. Walter R. J. BaetsPhilips Chair in Information and Communication Technology

Universiteit Nyenrode, The Netherlands Business School