JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)

Multilateral Cooperative Research Program

Coastal Marine Science

2001-2010

Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines

4 projects

Project 1: Water circulation and the process of material transport in the coastal area and marginal seas of the East and Southeast Asia (P.I., T.Yanagi, Kyushu Univ.)Project 2: Ecology and oceanography of harmful marine microalgae (P.I., Y.Fukuyo, Univ. of Tokyo)Project 3: Biodiversity studies in the coastal waters of the eastern and the southeastern Asia (P.I., K.Matsu-ura, National Museum)Project 4: Pollution of hazardous chemicals in the coastal marine environment and their ecological effect (P.I., N.Miyazaki, Univ. of Tokyo)

Project 1

Regional Studies

Manila Bay

Java Sea

Gulf of Tongking

Malacca Str.

Banpakong Est.

0

100

200

300

400

500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

200

400

600

800

Cag

es (

un

it)

Pro

du

ct.

(X

100

0 fi

sh)

Production

Cages

Fish cage dev.

-30

-26

-22

-18

-14

-10

-6

-2

Precipitation

Hurun bay

Scale

5 km

Fish cage

Hatchery

Gulf of L

ampung Depth (m)

Warm

Cold

SFC

- 3 0

- 2 6

- 2 2

- 1 8

- 1 4

- 1 0

- 6

- 2

2

Depth (m)

November 03 (Tr D-W), January 04, March 04 (WET=NW Monsoon), April 04,May 04 (Tr W-D), June 04, July 04, August 04, September 04 (Dry=SE Monsoon)

- Temperature, Salinity, Transparency, DO, DIN, DIP, TOM, Fitoplankton - Precipitation, Solar Radiation and Wind

8 Stations3 Stations

Tran D-WDryWet

Tran W-D

0.080

0.474

0.108

0.409

0.556

0.1870.326

0.103

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

Wet Trans-W-D Dry Trans-D-W

DIN

(m

g/l)

DIN(S) DIN(B)

18.6

5.4 3.2

23.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

Wet Trans W-D Dry Trans D-W

Res

iden

ce t

ime

(day

s)

30.0

30.8

30.4

30.1

29.4

29.6

29.8

30.0

30.2

30.4

30.6

30.8

31.0

Wet Trans-W-D Dry Trans-D-W

Te

mp

era

tur

( oC

)Seasonal variations in average residence time and water temperature

Suhendar and Yanagi (2006)

Recommendation

Carrying capacity of fish culture in Hurun Bay variesseasonally.

Cultured fish number and bait must be reduced during transition seasons.

Special field observations in the Upper Gulf of Thailand

9-11 Oct., 4-6 Dec. 200313-15 Jan. 200412-14 May, 7-9 Oct. 200426-29 Jul., 1-4 Nov. 200523-26 Jul. 2006 　

TransparencyCTD, DO

Water samplingPlankton net

Light characteristics

GPS buoys tracking

Objectives

1. To develop the air-correction algorithm of ocean color images2. To develop the water-correction algorithm of ocean color images

3. To develop the hydrodynamical model4. To develop the ecosystem model

5. To investigate the relation between surface convergence and primary production

What is the generation mechanism of the patchiness structure in the ocean?

Local algorithm for chl.a

Chl.a(μg/l)=181.4exp(-4.74R) R=Rrs(520)/Rrs(565)

Matsumura et al. (2006)

28 Oct 2003Oct 2003

MERIS MODEL

Anukul and Yanagi (2006)

Comparison between satellite image and model result

Frequency diagram of Model and MERIS Chl-a

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4

4.8

5.2

5.6

6.0

6.4

6.8

7.2

7.6

8.0

8.4

8.8

9.2

9.6

10

.0

10

.4

10

.8

11

.2

11

.6

12

.0

12

.4

12

.8

13

.2

13

.6

14

.0

14

.4

14

.8

Chl-a Bin [mg/m^3]

Fre

qu

en

cy

MERIS

Model

Oct. 2003

5 Dec 2003 Dec 2003

MERIS MODEL

3 Jan 2004Jan 2004

MERIS MODEL

16 Jul 2005 Jul 2005

MERIS MODEL

19

Chlorophyll and Vertical DiffusivityCU – 6 (Jul 2005)

20

Sensitivity Analysis CU – 5 (Oct 2004)

Normal

Weak Wind

Strong Wind

Observation data

1996.3 ～ 1998.12

8 stations (-1m, middle, bottom)

T,S,Chl.a

1

2

3

4

5

6

8 7

Ｐａｓｉｇ川からの負荷500 km2

3 m

10 m

35 km

8 m

Box model analysis

HorizontalAdvection and diffusion

鉛直移流・拡散 溶出

Load from Ｐａｓｉｇ river

VerticalAdvection and diffusion

Release

DIN budget in Manila Bay

２

５

２

２６(=8+18)

１

４

１９

３

０

３０(=20+10)

２２(=21+1)

４

９

Apr. (dry)

１９(=3+16)

D ＞ P

D ＜ P

D≒P

D ＞ P

D ＜ P

D ＞ P

（ 2.21 ）

（ 4.44 ）

（ 2.67 ）

（ 4.47 ）

（ 7.04 ）

（ＤＩＮ μmol/l ）

（ 1.66 ）

（ 1.96 ）

（ 7.32 ）

（ 9.44 ）

（ 0.10 ）

deposition ＜photosynthesis

Nov. (rainy)Deposition >

photosynthesis

Load 1= 8.05×106μmol/s

Aliasing62.10 days

Aliasing58.75 days

Aliasing45.71 days

Aliasing173.22 days

AVISO

Morimoto(2008)

Tide error （ M2+S2+K1+O1 ）

Morimoto(2008)

Ecological roles of seagrass beds

Buffering effects of waves and currents

Protection against erosion

Absorption of nutrients and production of oxygen

Primary production comparable to tropical rain forests

Spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for fishes and molluscs

Habitat for epiphytic animals and plants

Contribution to bio-diversity

Decrease in seagrass beds in the world

Increase in population along the coasts induces eutrophication and reclamation.

Reclamation destroys habitat of seagrass.

Seagrass is sensitive to low transparency due to eutrophication and water pollution.

Necessity to map seagrass bed distributions in an efficient way such as satellite imagery

Cooperative study on seagrass mapping using ALOS Avnir-2 imagery

Prof. M. Ibrahim Seeni Mohd (Universiti Technologi Malaysia) Sea truthing: Langkawi (March) and Tioman Isles. (This year)

Dr. Mahatma Lanuru (Hasanuddin University) Sea truthing: Barrang Isles. (next July)

Counterpart: Dr. T. Komatsu (ORI, Univ. Tokyo)

Project 1:Water circulation and Material transport

Future from 2008 to 2010Numerical ecosystem model is a very powerful tool for synthesize physical, chemical and biological data in the coastal sea.

We will carry out interdisciplinary study using ecosystem model coupled with hydrodynamical model in Gulf of Thailand Manila Bay Jakarta Bay Gulf of Tonking Eastern coastal sea of Malaysia

Satellite remote sensing on sea-grass beds and coral reefs using ALOS in the coastal sea of Malaysia.