JOHN KWEKU AMOO -OTOO, P - SINTEF · 2019. 1. 25. · JOHN KWEKU AMOO -OTOO, P.E. UNIVERSITY OF...

Non-Business Use

JOHN KWEKU AMOO-OTOO, P.EUNIVERSITY OF IDAHO

Electrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentDissertation Committee

Prof Brian K. Johnson, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho(Major Prof)Prof Herbert Hess, University of Idaho, Moscow, IdahoProf Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, UPDC, Barcelona, Spain

EERA Deep Wind Energy 2019 Conference, Trondheim, Norway16TH January-18th January,2019

Non-Business Use

AGENDA Abstract My contribution to the dissertation Problem Statement Research Methodology(Remaining Task) Test Topology or Outline Why DC Fault Interruption in VSC_based technology is a

challenge? Identification of Different Zones of Protection DC Fault Clearing Strategies Fault Ride Through Schemes for DFIG and PMSG MMC Converters Used in Research Modeling of Cable and Transmission Line Control schemes Implemented for the Topology DC Fault Detection, Localization and Classification Main Reference and Contributory Literature

Non-Business Use

Abstract and Introduction AbstractLCC_HVDCVSC_HVDCHybrid HVDCDoubly Fed Induction Generator(DFIG)Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator(PMSG)MMC_VSC TopologyDC Grids

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to Research My contribution to this dissertation research Hybrid Wind Farm (DFIG plus PMSG Wind Turbines) integrated to Main DC Grid

and Main Transmission Level HVDC Hybrid Converter and AC grid Topology consists of 3 nodes or groups of aggregate models of total wind

turbine generation source totaling 1800MW, 60Hz. The first node or group generation source consists of a 600MW of DFIG, each

DFIG with an output of 5MW which have been grouped in 3 subgroups of Qty (40) DFIG.

Rating of DFIG is 5MW, 60Hz with stator rating of 0.69KV and Rotor rating of 4.16KV

The output of the stringed DFIG AC windfarm is integrated to an internal 33kv AC collector bus which is stringed together to form the main offshore AC collector bus with an output of 34.5kVac.

The main 34.5KVAC collector bus is then integrated with a step-up power transformer which steps the output voltage from 34.5KVac to 150KV ac.

The 150KV side of the step-up transformer is integrated with a one terminal full scale Main HVDC MMC-VSC_1 which act as a rectifier which converts the AC voltage to DC voltage before it is integrated to an HVDC main +/-150KV DC collection grid bus all located offshore.

Non-Business Use

12 PULSE LCC HVDC MMC 6 VSC

1st Gen. Total Gen -600MW, 60Hz

2nd Gen. Total Gen -600MW, 60Hz

3rd Gen. Total Gen -600MW, 60Hz

33KV Internal AC collection

34.5kV/150KV, 650MVA, Z=10%

Main MMC 1-HVDC-VSC-rectifier

DC/DC convertor-6KV/30KV


6KV

DC

Internal collection grid

1st Node

2nd Node

3rd Node

Off-shore 2 stage DC to DC convertor

Synchronous Gen. 1000MW, 60Hz,18KV

Grid 1600MW, 400KV, 50HzSCR=20, X/R=10

XFMR150KV/400KV800MVA, Z=18%

3000MVA Hybrid Main HVDC

Full scale-VSC-inverter

Off-shore DC grid collection bus-+/-300KVDC

34.5KV Main AC collection

15KVMain DC collection


MMC1650MW

MMC2650MW

MMC3650MW

MMC4650MW

MMC52000MW

690VAC0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.690V/1KVDC

XFMR150KV/400KV1000MVAZ=18%


Grid 2 800MW, 400KV 50HzSCR=20, X/R=1

Grid 31000MW, 400K 50HzSCR=20, X/R=1

500KMDC XLPE CABLE 2000MVA300KVDC

Main DC Trans. Cable

DC Export cable

Tap load-200MW, 13.8KV

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

1KV/15KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

…..

1 2 39

40

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

18KV/150KV, 1200MVA, Z=18%

TX1

0.69KV/4.16KV/33KV

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/15KVDC


150KV AC BUS


ACB1

ACB2

ACB3

ACB4

ACB5

ACB6

DCB6

DCB7

DCB8

DCB9

DCB10

DCB11

DCB16

DCB17

DCB20

DCB21

ACB10

ACB11

ACB12

ACB13

DCB14

DCB15

DCB18

DCB19

DCB22

DCB23

DCB24

DCB25

DCB26

ACB27

ACB28

ACB29

ACB30

ACB32

ACB33

ACB33

150KV/13.8KV, 200MVA, Z=9%

ACB31

150KV, 3000MVA, Z=18%

ACB34ACB35

ACB36

ACB37

ACB38

ACB39

ACB40

TX2

TX3

TX4

TX4

TX5

TX6

59G 27TN

150KV AC BUS

51G

Test Topology Outline

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to Research My contribution to this dissertation research The second aggregate of generation consists of 600MW of 3 sets

of Qty (40) of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator The rating of each PMSG is 5MW, 60Hz, 0.69KV PMSG AC output of 0.69kv is converted to 1kV dc through 3-

level NPC VSC PMSG internal Booster DC-DC Converter steps the voltage from

1kv to 15kvDC The overall PMSG output is integrated with only one stage of

step-up voltage 15KV/150KV DC to DC converter located offshore,

The entire outline is integrated to a +/-150KV DC grid collector bus.

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to ResearchMy contribution to this dissertation research The third aggregate of generation consists of a 600MW of 3 sets

of Qty (40)PMSG each The rating of each PMSG is 5MW,0.69kv The PMSG is integrated to an internal 3-level NPC VSC acting as

a rectifier to convert 0.69KV to 1KV dc PMSG internal Booster DC-DC Converter steps the voltage from

1kv to 6kvDC The overall PMSG output is integrated with two stage

DAB_MMC_VSC of step-up voltage 6KV/30KV DC and 30KV/150KV all located offshore

The entire outline is integrated to a +/-150KV DC grid collector bus.

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to Research My Contribution to Research

Expanded AC and DC Fault with Fault Resistance Application A focus on an expanded and improved AC and DC fault application For AC side Faults,SLG,DLG,DLL,3-Phase, 3-Phase to ground at 10%,

20%, 40%,60%,80% of the cable and line length with different fault resistances ranging from (0 to 400hms)

DC Faults Pole to ground and Pole to Pole with fault resistance will be considered. The expanded faults on the windfarm side will be faults that will be internal to the wind farm, internal and external AC and DC collection grid.

Expanded faults will also be extended to the Main AC and DC collection grid, internal and external components of DC to DC converter, Main MMC-VSC HVDC converters, Main Hybrid HVDC Converters, internal and terminal faults of the infeed synchronous generator

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to Research My Contribution to Research Fault Clearing Strategies Fault clearing strategy which consist of Fully Selective Fault Clearing

strategy with back-up protection plan will be implemented in various zones of protection utilizing various or combination of Fault Blocking and fault current control capability of Full Bridge Sub Module MMC-VSC topology Fault Blocking Schemes or

Hybrid MMC-VSC which is a combination of Full Bridge and Half Bridge Sub Module MMC-VSC and High-Speed DC disconnect Switches

DC-DC Converters with Full Bridge Sub Module MMC-VSC(DAB-FBSM) Fault blocking and isolation or galvanization capability

Solid State DC breakers(DCCB) and High Speed Mechanical DC Disconnect Switches and DC-DC Converters with Full Bridge Sub Module and using AC circuit breaker on the AC side.

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to Research My Contribution to Research Fault Detection and Location using Travelling Wave Algorithm in

compliment with Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) A novel fault detection and location technique utilizing Travelling

Wave theory and Discrete Wavelet Transform after extraction, analysis and classification of the type of fault from the data of transient voltages and currents will be implemented

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to Research My Contribution Protection of Hybrid Wind Farm (Doubly Fed Induction

Generator and Permanent Synchronous Generator) and Fault Ride Through and Low Voltage Ride through Techniques

Fault Clearing Strategy will be complimented with the traditional DFIG Protection scheme of utilizing Active Crowbar Protection to protect overvoltage condition on the rotor and the generator side converter and a DC Chopper to limit overvoltage conditions on the DC link due to active power in-balance.

For the PMSG, the traditional protection scheme will consist of an AC side Power Electronics Controlled Dynamic Resistor and AC Load Damper to limit overcurrent, prevent rotor acceleration during faults, maintain balance of active power and stability. On the DC side DC breaker will be used to interrupt the DC overcurrent during Capacitor discharge and a DC Link Chopper Resistor will be used to limit any overvoltage that might occur.

In addition, there will be a DC series Dynamic resistor that will be implemented to limit overcurrent in the DC cable and DC Link.

Non-Business Use

My Contribution to Research My Contribution Validation of the proposed protection scheme detection and location

algorithm will be validated in PSCAD-EMTDC software platform and Matlab Simulink Tool Box

The testing and validation of the developed hybrid algorithm will be performed in PSCAD software and the Discrete Wavelet Transform fault extraction and analysis will be performed in Matlab/Simulink Power System Tool box in a closed loop environment of a microprocessor protective relay or Intelligent Electronic Device(IED) identified for each zone of protection.

Non-Business Use

Problem Statement Current protection methods that are employed and implemented in

LCC_HVDC cannot be implemented in VSC_HVDC MMC is one of the main topologies of the VSC and has been an excellent

choice for long-bulk power transmission and HVDC network grid. However, due to the use of long distance transmission lines and cables, the HVDC is prone to faults.

VSC-HVDC integrated to Wind Energy Conversion system are vulnerable to DC faults

Wind Energy Conversion system are vulnerable to DC faults because DC Faults have significant difference in fault characteristic in terms of absence of zero crossing and having very low impedance of DC fault which makes it to achieve very fast rise with steep slope when compared to the traditional AC fault current.

Several fault detection, classification and localization techniques have been proposed such as overcurrent, under-voltage and rate of change of voltage and current but lacks the required sensitivity for detecting high resistance fault.

Other fault detection schemes like impedance-based fault detection and location have also been proposed and implemented but the drawback associated with this type of fault detection includes influence from transmission line parameters, fault resistance, mutual zero sequence just to mention a few.

Non-Business Use

Problem StatementThe capacity of offshore wind power increases in

addition to continuously increasing rating of the individual wind turbine power rating which will require a large geographical area and footprint and large offshore substation for interconnection and because of the larger power rating of the wind turbines it will require larger separation distance. The wind power when generated need to be integrated

to the grid through the most less costly technology.

Non-Business Use

Research Methodology Main Remaining Items Methodology ➢ Identify the type of fault detection technique that will

be used for this test model, most likely it will be a hybrid algorithm which consist of a combination of Travelling Wave and Discrete Wavelet transformation technique

➢ Identify the zones of protection for the proposed test topology and the IED or protective relays that will be used in compliment with the fault detection algorithms

➢ Identify the best mother wavelet technique which will characterize the fault classification for the Discrete Wavelet Transformation decomposition.

➢ Design and validate the proposed hybrid fault detection algorithm, discrete wavelet transformation using wavelet energy spectrum entropy in Matlab/Simulink power system tools and travelling wave in PSCAD

Non-Business Use

Remaining Work to be done MethodologyDesign Parameters and Control SchemesPSCAD Modeling of the Components of the TopologyMatlab/Simulink Code programming of Travelling

wave Interface with PSCAD Simulation-COMTRADE

Non-Business Use


1st Gen. Total Gen -600MW, 60Hz

2nd Gen. Total Gen -600MW, 60Hz

3rd Gen. Total Gen -600MW, 60Hz

33KV Internal AC collection

34.5kV/150KV, 650MVA, Z=10%

Main MMC 1-HVDC-VSC-rectifier



6KV

DC


1st Node

2nd Node

3rd Node






Full scale-VSC-inverter

Off-shore DC grid collection bus-+/-300KVDC

34.5KV Main AC collection



MMC1650MW

MMC2650MW

MMC3650MW

MMC4650MW

MMC52000MW

690VAC0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.690V/1KVDC



Grid 2 800MW, 400KV 50HzSCR=20, X/R=1

Grid 31000MW, 400K 50HzSCR=20, X/R=1

500KMDC XLPE CABLE 2000MVA300KVDC

Main DC Trans. Cable

DC Export cable


…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

1KV/15KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

…..

1 2 39

40

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

18KV/150KV, 1200MVA, Z=18%

TX1

0.69KV/4.16KV/33KV

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/15KVDC


150KV AC BUS


ACB1

ACB2

ACB3

ACB4

ACB5

ACB6

DCB6

DCB7

DCB8

DCB9

DCB10

DCB11

DCB16

DCB17

DCB20

DCB21

ACB10

ACB11

ACB12

ACB13

DCB14

DCB15

DCB18

DCB19

DCB22

DCB23

DCB24

DCB25

DCB26

ACB27

ACB28

ACB29

ACB30

ACB32

ACB33

ACB33

150KV/13.8KV, 200MVA, Z=9%

ACB31

150KV, 3000MVA, Z=18%

ACB34ACB35

ACB36

ACB37

ACB38

ACB39

ACB40

TX2

TX3

TX4

TX4

TX5

TX6

59G 27TN

150KV AC BUS

51G

Test Topology Outline

Non-Business Use

Why DC faults associated with MMC HVDC are Difficult to

Interrupt? Difficult interruption of DC faultDC Faults have a significant fault characteristics when

compared with the traditional AC DC faults Rise Up quickly with a steep slope when

compared with the traditional AC faultThe impedance of the DC fault is very small when

compared with AC faultsDC Faults do not have a zero crossing when compared with

the traditional AC faultsVSC does not have the capability to control the DC fault

Non-Business Use

Selection of Protection scheme and Fault Coordination Strategy

DFIG and PMSG AC Bus DC Bus Power Transformer and Converter Transformer MMC DC-DC Converter 150KV DC Main Transmission Line 400KV Main AC Transmission Line 1000MW Synchronous Generator

Non-Business Use

Fault Control and Clearing Strategies Fault Clearing strategy of MMC and DC-DC

Converter-Full Selective Fault Clearing Strategy-Using DC solid state breakers and High Speed Mechanical Switches-Non-Selective Fault Clearing Strategy-Using Fault Blocking capability of MMC-Full Bridge Sub Module and DC-DC Converter-DAB-Back-Up Protection using AC Breakers

Non-Business Use

Rotor side convertor (RSC)

Grid side convertor (GSC)

Rotor side convertor

0.690KV

4.16kV

5MW, 60Hz

34.5KV internal or Intermediate AC Collection

3 winding xfmrTX1

ROTOR CROWBAR CIRCUIT

DC CHOPPER CIRCUIT

33kV ACB1

IGBT SWITCH

DFIG UNIT PROTECTION50/51-Instantaneous/Time Overcurrent81O/U-Over/Under Frequency27/59-Under Voltage/Over VoltageFAULT RIDE THROUGH PROTECTION USING CROW BAR FOR ROTOR OVERCURRENT PROTECTION AND DC CHOPPER FOR DC LINK OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION

ACB10

ACB2

ACB5

ACB6

34.5KV Main AC Collection

5km of 34.5KV XLPE AC sub sea Export cablePROTECTION SCHEME FOR CABLEDIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT-67DIRECTIONAL EARTH OVERCURRENT-67N

MAIN PROTECTION-87B-AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONBUSBAR TIME OVERCURRENT PROTECTION-51BACK- UP-50BF-BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION

PROTECTION SCHEMETIME OVERCURRENT-50/51BREAKER-FAILURE PROTECTION

Identified Zone of Protection

Non-Business Use

PMSG 1st String of Generation

PMSG

AC SERIES DYNAMIC RESISTOR

Machine side convertor MSC3-LEVEL-NPC

5MW, 60Hz

15KV DC Internal/Intermediate DC Collector

AC LOAD DAMPING

DC CHOPPER

CIRCUIT

DCB_INT_2

IGBT SWITCH

DC-DC BOOSTER CONVERTER

DCB_INT_1

DCB6

PMSG UNIT PROTECTION50/51-Instantaneous/Time Overcurrent81O/U-Over/Under Frequency27/59-Under Voltage/Over VoltageFAULT RIDE THROUGH PROTECTION USING AC LOAD DAMPING/AC SERIES DYNAMIC RESISTOR PROTECTION AND DC CHOPPER FOR DC LINK OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION

DCB7

DCB8

DCB16DC-DC 1KV/15KVDC

VSC-0.69KVAC/1KVDC

15KV DC External DC Collector

DCB_INT_3

DCB_INT_4

DCB_INT_5

+/-15KV DC XLPE Export Cable


Non-Business Use

PMSG 2nd String of Generation

PMSG

AC SERIES DYNAMIC RESISTOR

Machine side convertor MSC3-LEVEL-NPC

5MW, 60Hz

6KV DC Internal/Intermediate DC Collector

AC LOAD DAMPING

DC CHOPPER

CIRCUIT

DCB_INT_7

IGBT SWITCH

DC-DC BOOSTER CONVERTER

DCB_INT_6

DCB6

PMSG UNIT PROTECTION50/51-Instantaneous/Time Overcurrent81O/U-Over/Under Frequency27/59-Under Voltage/Over VoltageFAULT RIDE THROUGH PROTECTION USING AC LOAD DAMPING/AC SERIES DYNAMIC RESISTOR PROTECTION AND DC CHOPPER FOR DC LINK OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION

DCB7

DCB8

DCB16DC-DC 1KV/6KVDC

VSC-0.69KVAC/1KVDC

6KV DC External DC Collector

DCB_INT_8

DCB_INT_9

DCB_INT_10

+/-6KV DC Export XLPE Cable


Non-Business Use

Doubly Fed Induction Generation(DFIG)

DFIG PROTECTION 33KV Internal AC collection 34.5KV Main

AC collection

…..

1 2 39

40

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

0.69KV/4.16KV/33KV

ACB1

ACB2

ACB3

ACB4

ACB5

ACB6

ZONE 3

ZONE 1

ZONE 2

ZONE 4

ZONE 7

ZONE 5

ZONE 6

ACB8

Main MMC 1HVDC-VSC-rectifier

1st Node

MMC1650MW

TX1

ACB11

ACB12ACB13 DCB1

4DCB15

Off-shore DC grid collection bus-300KVDC (±150KVDC)

HSS

5km 33KV AC Export Cable

DFIG UNIT PROTECTIONAND FAULT RIDE TROUGH 81O/U-Over/Under Frequency27/59-Under/Over-VoltageFRT-Rotor Crowbar/DC ChopperOverCurrent-50/51Ground Overcurrent-50N/51N

DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT-67DIRECTIONAL EARTH OVERCURRENT-67N

MAIN PROTECTION-87B-AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONBUS-BAR TIME OVERCURRENT PROTECTION-51BACK- UP-50BF-BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION

DISTANCE PROTECTION

87TX1-TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONBACK-UP- OVERCURRENT-50/51GROUND OVERCURRENT-50N/51NRESTRICTED EARTH FAULT-64

DFIG UNIT ENCLOSURE

87T

24 50/51

50/51N

6326Q71

20km 34.5KV AC Export Cable

50m-+/-150KV DC cable-320KVDC CABLE

50m 150KV AC Cable

AC Off-shore Platform Substation

DCBXX

DC BREAKER

AC BREAKER ACBXX

HSS HIGH SPEED

DISCONNECT SWITCH

LEGEND

TRAVELLING WAVE LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

FAULT BLOCKING CAPABILITY OF FULL BRIDGE SUB MODULE MMC CONVERTER PLUS HIGH SPEED DISCONNECT SWITCHES

DC Off-shore Platform Substation

HSS


Non-Business Use

PMSG-2ND STRING OF GENERATION

15K

VDC

Inte

rnal

co

llect

ion

grid

0.690V/1KVDC…..

1 2 39

40

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

1KV/15KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/15KVDC

1KV/15KVDC

DCB6

DCB7

DCB8

PMSG

15KVDC Main collection grid

MMC2650MW


DCB19

Off-shore DC grid collection bus-300VDC (±150KVDC)

LEGEND

High Speed Disconnect Switch DCBX

HSS

DC Circuit Breaker-DCCB


DCB17

DCB16

DCB8-1

DCB8-2

DCB8-3

DCB18

DCB24

DCB15

MAIN PROTECTION-87B-DC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONBACK- UP-50BF-BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION


HSS1

PMSG

UN

IT P

RO

TEC

TIO

N50

/51-

Inst

anta

neou

s/Ti

me

over

cur

rent

81O

/U27

/59

FAU

LT R

IDE

THR

OU

GH

5MWX40-200MW 690VAC

5MWX40-200MW 690VAC

CABLE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT-67DIRECTIONAL EARTH OVERCURRENT-67N

FAULT BLOCKING CAPABILITY OF MMC AND GALVANIC ISOLATION


Non-Business Use

PMSG-3RD STRING OF GENERATION

PMSG

6KV

DC


5MWX40-200MW 690VAC

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC

1KV/6KVDC

0.69KV/1KVDC 1KV/6KVD

C…..

1 2 39

40

…..1 2 3

940

…..1 2 3

940

DCB9

DCB10

DCB11

6KVDC Main DC collection grid


MMC3650MW

MMC4650MW

DCB 21HSS2

HSS3

HSS 4DCB11-2

DCB20

DCB11-1

DCB11-2

LEGEND


DCBXX

HSS

High Speed Disconnect Switch DC Circuit Breaker



PMSG

UN

IT P

RO

TEC

TIO

N50

/51-

Inst

anta

neou

s/Ti

me

Ove

rcur

rent

81O

/U27

/59

FAU

LT R

IDE

THR

OU

GH

FAULT BLOCKING AND GALVANIC ISOLATION CAPABILITY OF FULL BRIDGE SUB-MODULE(FBSM OF MMC(GRID SPLITTING)

5MWX40-200MW 690VAC

5MWX40-200MW 690VAC

CABLE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87BDIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT-67DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT-67N

DCB24 DCB25

20Km +/-6KV XLPE CABLE

50m, 150KV XLPE CABLE


50m,+/-30KV XLPE CABLE


Non-Business Use

Off-shore DC grid collection bus-300VDC (±150KVDC)





Full scale-VSC-inverter MMC52000MW

200km Main DC Trans. Cable


18KV/150KV, 1200MVA, Z=18%

150KV AC BUS

DCB26

ACB27

ACB28

ACB29

ACB30

ACB32

ACB33

ACB33

150KV/13.8KV, 200MVA, Z=9%

ACB31

QTY (2)-150KV, 1500MVA, Z=18%

ACB34

ACB35

ACB36

ACB37

ACB39

TX2

TX3

TX4

TX5

59G 27-3TN



ACB38

TX6

XFMR150KV/400KV1100MVA, Z=18% ACB4

0

Grid 2 800MW, 400KV, 50HzSCR=20, X/R=10


TX7

DCB25

PROTRELAY

PROTRELAY

ACB41

ACB42

ACB43

87G

24 50/51

50/51N

59G

51V60 40 46 64

F

81 32-132-2

MAIN PROTECTION-87B-AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION67:AC DIRECTIONALBACK- UP-50BF-BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION

MAI

N P

RO

TEC

TIO

N-8

7B-D

C B

US

DIF

FER

ENTI

AL P

RO

TEC

TIO

NB

ACK

-UP-

50B

F-B

REA

KER

FA

ILU

RE

PRO

TEC

TIO

N

MAIN PROTECTION-87B-AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONBACK- UP-50BF-BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION

TRAVELLING WAVE TRANSMISSION 87L-LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION21-BACK-UP DISTANCE PROTECTION WITH ADAPTIVE SETTINGS21G-GROUND DISTANCE67-PHASE DIRECTIONAL PROTECTIONDIRECTIONAL COMPARISON BLOCKING-DCB50BF-BREAKER FAILUREDTT-DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP

Z1

Z1

TRAVELLING WAVE TRANSMISSION LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONBACK-UP DISTANCE PROTECTIONFAULT BLOCKING

CAPABILITY OF MMC

DISTANCE PROTECTION

FAULT BLOCKING CAPABILITY OF MMC

87T

24 50/51

50/51N

6326Q71

ACB33-1

51G

100km TRANSMISSION LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87L

500km of AC Transmission Line

20km TRANSMISSION LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87L

5km Cable DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87L

CONVERTER TRANSFORMER87T- DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION87N-RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT50/51-OVERCURRENT50N-STAND BY EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

AC FILTERS FOR AC BUS87ACF-DIFFERNTIAL PROTECTION50/51ACF-OVERCURRENT PROTECTION50/51-ACR-RESISTOR OVERLOAD PROTECTION50/51ACL-INDUCTOR OVER LOAD PROTECTION50/51 ACFZ-ZERO SEQUENCE PROTECTION


Non-Business Use

Hybrid Transmission Level HVDC Protection Hybrid HVDC Protection

12 PULSE LCCHVDC

Asymmetrical MMC 6 VSC

3000MVA Hybrid Main HVDC“Back to Back”

TX2

TX2-1

ACB-XX

ACB-XXACB-XX

ACB-XX

150KV AC BUS

PROTECTION SCHEME FOR 12 PULSE LCC50/51-DC OVERCURRENT87B- BRIDGE DIFFERENTIAL87S- VALVE SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION87G-GROUP DIFFERENTIAL87DC-DC DIFFERENTIAL27/59-UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE

PROTECTION SCHEME FOR CONVERTER TRANSFORMER87T-TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL87N-RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION50/51-OVERCURRENT PROTECTION50N-STAND BY EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

87B-AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION50BF-BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION

Tuned Filter

AC FILTER PROTECTION87ACF-FILTER DIFFERENTIAL50/51-ACR/ACL-RESISTOR/INDUCTOR OVERLOAD50/51-ZERO SEQUENCE

ACB-XX

ACB-XX

150KV AC BUS

87B-AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION50BF-BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION

+150KVDC

-150KVDC

DC CHOPPER

FAULT RIDE THROUGH STRATEGY FOR ASYMMETRICAL MMC(FBSM + HBSM)-BLOCKING OF IGBT OR OPERATE TEMP AS A STATCOM

FBSM-FULL BRIDGE SUB MODULEHBSM-HALF BRIDGE SUB MODULE

ACB-XX

ACB-XX

ACB-XX

AC GRID

Non-Business Use

400KV OVERHEAD AC Transmission Line

400KV OVERHEAD AC Transmission Line

ACB39

ACB40

TX7 ACB4

3

Z1Z1

87T

24 50/51

50/51N

6326Q71

400KV, 50Hz, 500km of AC OVERHEAD Transmission Line

Zs


51G

TRAVELLING WAVE TRANSMISSION 87L-LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION21-BACK-UP DISTANCE RELAY PROTECTION SCHEME-MHO/QUADRILATERAL RELAY WITH ADAPTIVE SETTINGS DUE TO THE REACTIVE POWER FLOW FROM CONVERTER21G-DISTANCE GROUND PROTECTION-DIRECTIONAL COMPARISON BLOCKING(DCB)67-DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT50BF-BREAKER FAILUREDTT-DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP TO REMOTE

Z1-80% of the Impedance of the Line with Instantaneous Trip

Z1=80% of the Impedance of the Line with Instantaneous Trip with adaptive settings for converter reactive power flow

Communication Assist- with Blocking feature for Reverse Fault

Blocking for Reverse Fault

ACB34

150KV AC BUS

PROTECTIVE RELAY

PROTECTIVE RELAY


MAIN STEP UP POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION


Non-Business Use

Generator and Feeder Load Protection

Generator and Feeder Load Protection

18KV/150KV, 1200MVA, Z=18%

ACB30

ACB33

ACB31

TX4

59G

ACB33-1

20km TRANSMISSION LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87LDISTANCE PROTECTION

27-3TN


ACB32

Tap load-200MW,PF=0.9 13.8KV

ACB29

150KV/13.8KV, 200MVA, Z=9%

TX3

150KV AC BUS

51G

100km TRANSMISSION LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87LDISTANCE PROTECTION

5km of AC XLPE CABLE

Feeder Management Protection50/5150/51N

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

GENERATOR PROTECTION


Non-Business Use

MMC-VSC MAIN TRANSMISSION LEVEL CONVERTER

MMC52000MW

150KV AC BUS

DCB26

ACB27

ACB28

ACB33

150KV AC BUS

+/-150KV DC BUS

350km +/-150KV DC CABLE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-TRAVELLING WAVE LINE DIFFERENTIAL-87LDIRECTIONAL COMPARISON BLOCKINGDIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT-67DIRECTIONAL GROUND OVERCURRENT-67N

+/-150KV DC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87BBREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION-50BFBUSBAR OVERCURRENT-50/51

150KV AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87BBREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION-50BFBUSBAR OVERCURRENT-50/51

MMC-VSC FULL BRIDGE SUB MODULE(FBSM) FAULT BLOCKING CAPABILITY 100km 150KV AC CABLE

DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT-67DIRECTIONAL GROUND OVERCURRENT-67N

150KV AC BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-87BBREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION-50BFBUSBAR OVERCURRENT-50/51

DCB15

DCB19

DCB24

DCB25

ACB34


Non-Business Use

MMC-VSC-Main Transmission Level Rectifier 1st String of 600MW Generation-MMC-VSC-Main Transmission Level Rectifier

34.5kV/150KV, 650MVA, Z=10%

MMC1650MW

TX1

ACB10

ACB11

ACB12 ACB1

3DCB14

DCB15

DCB19

DCB24

DCB25

ACB2

ACB5

ACB6

+/-150KVDC Transmission level cable

34.5KV AC Export cable

DFIG 34.5KV AC Collection Grid Transmission Level

Step- Up Power Transformer

MMC 1-VSC AS A RECTIFIER

+/-150KV(300KV) MAIN DC COLLECTION GRID

150KV AC cable


Non-Business Use

2nd String of PMSG Generation 2nd String of PMSG Generation

2nd Node

MMC2650MW

+/-15KVDC Export cable



DCB16

DCB17 DCB18


DCB7

DCB8

DCB6

DCB19

DCB24

DCB15

DCB25

+/-150KVDC Transmission Level cable


Non-Business Use

3rd String of Generation-PMSG 3RD String of Generation


DC/DCconvertor-30KV/150KV

MMC3650MW

MMC4650MWDCB

11

DCB21

DCB22

DCB24


DCB9

DCB10

DCB20

DCB20-1

DCB23


DCB19

DCB15

DCB25

+/-150KV Main DC collection

+/-30KVDC cable +/-6KVDC Export cable

+/-150KV DC Transmission Level cable


Non-Business Use

Full Bridge Sub Module MMC FB MMC-Reference-Sztykiel, Michal,etc “Modular Multi-Level converter Modeling,

Control, Analysis under grid frequency Deviations, Technical University of Denmark,2012

Non-Business Use

DC-DC DAB Converters DC-DC DAB-MMC-Reference-Sztykiel, Michal,etc “Modular Multi-Level converter Modeling, Control,

Analysis under grid frequency Deviations, Technical University of Denmark,2012

Non-Business Use

Asymmetric Model-Hybrid MMC Asymmetric Model-Reference- DAB-MMC-Reference-Sztykiel, Michal,etc “Modular Multi-Level converter Modeling, Control,

Analysis under grid frequency Deviations, Technical University of Denmark,2012

Non-Business Use

Modelling of MMC Modelling of MMC-Detailed Equivalent Model Performs a circuit reduction of the simplified circuit Thevenin's equivalent for each converter arm which used the nest

fasted simulation to improve upon the time for simulation The topology can be reduced to subnetworks with admittance matrix of

each network reducing computation time Easy calculation of multivalve voltage based on the measurement of

resistance and current values of the valve In conducting state the resistance is low and in blocked state the

resistance is high

Non-Business Use

Modeling of Transmission Line Modelling of AC Transmission Line and DC Cable Resistance in ohms/km Inductance in henries/Km Capacitance in Microfarad/Km Conductance in S/km Length of the AC Transmission Line Frequency Dependent Phase(Cable Model) and Mode(Transmission Line)

Model Based on the travelling wave theory Frequency dependent of the parameters and termed to be the best Accurate representation of the current and voltages both in steady state and

transient PSCAD-simulation in time domain and converted to frequency domain using

wavelet transformation or Fourier transform

Non-Business Use

DFIG ANG PMSG DYNAMIC EQUATION

DFIG Dynamic Modeled Equations

abcs abcs abcs abcsdv i Rdtλ= +

Non-Business Use

DFIG AND PMSG DYNAMIC MODEL EQUATION DFIG Model Equations

ds D s D m dL i L iλ λ= = +

qs Q s Q m qL i L iλ λ= = +

dr d r d m DL i L iλ λ= = +

qr q r q m QL i L iλ λ= = +

ds s ds m drL i L iλ = +

qs s qs m qrL i L iλ = +

dr r dr m dsL i L iλ = +

qr r qr m qsL i L iλ = +

( )32 2dev qs ds ds qs

PT i iλ λ= −

( )32s ds ds qs qsP v i v i= +

( )32s qs ds ds qsQ v i v i= −

Non-Business Use

Vector Control Schemes Field Oriented Vector Control SchemesDFIG Vector ControlStator Flux Oriented Vector ControlGrid Voltage Oriented Vector ControlPitch Angle ControlMaximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)

PMSG Vector Control-Stator Voltage Oriented Control-Grid Vector Oriented Vector Control

Non-Business Use

Control Schemes Control of PMSG and DFIG Inner Control Loop with PICurrent Control Loop Outer Control Loop with PIDC Link Voltage Control LoopStator Voltage Control LoopActive Power/MPPT Control Loop

Non-Business Use

Travelling Wave Travelling WaveWhen faults occur it develops into transients(voltages

and currents) that move back and forthThe transients move close to the speed of lightConcept is based on the time it takes to travel from the

point of discontinuity to the measuring pointThe velocity of the travelling wave is much based on

the inductance and capacitance of the lineKnowing the speed of the travelling wave and the time,

the distance of the fault location can be calculatedSuccess of the travelling wave is much based on the

accurate detection or capturing the wavefront

Non-Business Use

Travelling Wave Travelling WaveBecause the speed of a travelling wave is little quite

less than the speed of light, it requires a high sampling rateWave-front close to the end of the line are difficult to

detect because of the high speed of the waveComponents of travelling wave are high frequency and

vulnerable to interferenceFaults that occur for zero voltage inception are difficult

to detect

Non-Business Use

Travelling Wave Travelling Wave-Reference-B. K. Johnson, Stephen Marx, e’tal” Travelling Wave Fault Location in

Protective Relays, Design Testing and Results, 16th Annual Georgia Tech Relay Conference, May 6-7, 2013

Non-Business Use

Travelling Wave Equations Travelling Wave

Developing Kirchoff ’s voltage and current equation based on the current and voltage at xand x+Delta x

Equations of voltage and current as a function of time

Differentiating with respect to t

( , ) ( , )( , ) . .i( , ) L (x , ) i(x, t) G ( , ) (x , )i x t v x x tv x t R x x t x v x t x v x x t C x i x tt t

∂ ∂ + ∆= ∆ + ∆ + + ∆ + = ∆ + + ∆ + ∆ + + ∆

∂ ∂

( , ) ( , ).i( , ) Lv x t i x tR x tt t

∂ ∂= − −

∂ ∂( , ) ( , ).i( , )i x t v x tG x t C

t t∂ ∂

= − −∂ ∂

2 2

2

( , ) ( , ) ( , ). Lv x t i x t i x tRx x x t

∂ ∂ ∂= − −

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂

2 2

2

( , ) ( , ) ( , ).i x t v x t v x tG Cx t x t

∂ ∂ ∂= − −

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂

Non-Business Use

Travelling Wave Equations Travelling Wave Equations Substituting the values of into equations

Substituting to derive the current equation

( , )i x tt

∂∂

2 ( , )i x tx t

∂∂ ∂

2 2

2 2

( , ) ( , ) ( , )(RC GL) ( . )v x t v x t v x tLC GRv x tx t t

∂ ∂ ∂= + + +

∂ ∂ ∂2 2

2

( , ) ( , ) ( , ). Lv x t i x t i x tRx t x t

∂ ∂ ∂= − −

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂

2 2

2

i( , ) ( , ) v( , ). Lx t v x t x tGx t x t

∂ ∂ ∂= − −

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂

( , )v x tt

∂∂

2 v( , )x tx t

∂∂ ∂

2 2

2 2

i( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ). .i( , ) L L . Lx t i x t i x t i x tG R x t Rx t x t

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ = − − − − − − ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂

( )2 2

2 2

i( , ) ( , ) ( , )LC . ( , )x t i x t i x tRC GL GR i x tx x x

∂ ∂ ∂= + + +

∂ ∂ ∂

Non-Business Use

Main Travelling Wave Equations

2 2

2

( , ) ( , ) ( , ). Lv x t i x t i x tRx t x t

∂ ∂ ∂= − −

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂

( )2 2

2 2

i( , ) ( , ) ( , )LC . ( , )x t i x t i x tRC GL GR i x tx x x

∂ ∂ ∂= + + +

∂ ∂ ∂

( ).c.Prop_Vel2

LL TWA TWBTWFL

+ −=

Non-Business Use

Fault Detection Types Other Forms of Fault Detection Techniques Fourier Transformer Short Time Fourier Transform Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy Logic Hybrid Fault Detection Impedance Fault Detection Change in voltage-dv/dt and Change in Current-di/dt Wavelet Transform Examples of Wavelet Families Daubechies Coiflet Haar Symlet Mexican Hat Morlet

Non-Business Use

DC Fault Detection, Location, classification My focus will be on Discrete Wavelet

Transform It analyzes small wavelets in terms of dilation and translation Capability to analyze in time and frequency At high frequencies used narrow window and at low frequencies

uses wider window Very good in the capturing and analysis of Power System

Transients that have sharp discontinuities and abrupt signals Analysis starts with a mother wavelet They are computationally fast and have the capability to provide

effective analysis during fault analysis The general form of the Discrete wavelet Transform is where j,k

are integers id the dilation factor and is the translation factor

( ) 0 0j,k

00

1 j

jj

t k dDWT W t Wddτ −

= =

( )2

11

1 (2 )kN

kK

w t C W t k−

+=−

= − +∑

0d0τ

Non-Business Use

Discrete Wavelet Transform Discrete Wavelet Transformw is the scaling function of the mother wavelet and are the wavelet coefficient The coefficient will consist of dominant patterns of high and low filterProcess of DWT Clark Modal Transformation to the voltage and current samples DWT is applied to the modal voltage and the squares of the wavelet

transform coefficient to determine the peak of the energy Faulty Classification-Grounded, Phase Fault Location is based on the use of the lattice diagram of the aerial

mode voltages using two ended synchronized measurements and GPS

kC

Non-Business Use

Clark’s Transformation Phase to Modal TransformationThis is much based on the electromagnetic coupling

of the transmission line and cableModal Transformation Matrix allows the

decomposition of the matrix into several independent modesThree phase model can be decomposed into three

single phase having its own characteristic impedance and time delayEach mode will have a distinct time delay and velocity

cZ

τ

Non-Business Use

Travelling Wave Lattice Diagram TW-Reference-Meggar ”New Possibilities of Testing Travelling Wave Fault

location functions in the field”

Non-Business Use

Questions

Questions

JOHN KWEKU AMOO -OTOO, P - SINTEF · 2019. 1. 25. · JOHN KWEKU AMOO -OTOO, P.E. UNIVERSITY OF...

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