Jatropha Digest Preview

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JATROPHA DIGESTPREVIEW

www.biozio.com – Welcome to the Bio World!

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An Invaluable Guide to the Jatropha Industry Jatropha is a second generation biodiesel feedstock. Jatropha as a biodiesel feedstock overcomes challenges that the first generation biodiesel feedstocks faced – in terms of scalability, food vs fuel dilemma and ability to grow in marginal lands. Jatropha, by virtue of its ability to grow in marginal lands and its relatively low requirements of water, fertilizers and maintenance is touted to the biodiesel feedstock of the future. Experts feel that Jatropha has the potential to be the single largest contributor to the world’s biodiesel production by 2015. While the potential for the crop is high, there are challenges along the way as well. Such challenges are present in terms of varying yields across regions, inadequate understanding to grow the crop on a large-scale, and gaps in expertise and experience for the plant cultivation and maintenance. Most of the gaps in understanding can be filled with a resource that provides inputs, data and balanced opinion on the industry based on the efforts of the various commercial and research efforts worldwide. The Jatropha Digest has been developed precisely to fill this need. The Jatropha Digest provides insights and details on the following critical aspects of the Jatropha industry:

Cultivation Yields Fuel and Non-fuel End Products from Jatropha and the Process Routes for Each

of these Products Real World Status of Jatropha Products Costs of Production for the Various Energy Products from Jatropha Top Companies in the Jatropha Industry Business Strategies for Success

Each section provides in-depth information, details and updates on the most critical aspects relevant to it. The objective of the Jatropha Digest is to facilitate tangible steps for a Jatropha biofuel venture. The emphasis hence is on providing practical data, updates and insights. In addition, the report has made special efforts in identifying the core challenges faced in each aspect of the Jatropha industry value chain. It also provides inputs on the current efforts and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.


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The report has been developed with over twenty months of in-depth research, and has been developed with inputs from biofuel industry experts, biotechnology researchers, and professionals who have been constantly interacting with the Jatropha biofuel industry for over six years. The Jatropha Digest will be an invaluable guide to those keen on venturing into one of the most exciting renewable energy domains.


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Who will benefit from this report? 1. Entrepreneurs wishing to understand the Jatropha industry and the current and future business opportunities in this market. 2. Companies in the biofuels and alternative fuel industries exploring the Jatropha energy domain 3. Companies and entrepreneurs wishing to understand the current status and future potential for Jatropha in other industries. 4. Investment banks and financial investment companies keen on funding ventures in the biofuels industry.


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1. Introduction There is a misconception that the Jatropha plant requires little water and that it requires almost no inputs in terms of fertilizers and pesticides. The fact is that the Jatropha plant does require all these inputs in reasonable amounts; however, it requires these inputs and maintenance in amounts significantly lower than for many other energy crops. There are other similar facts about Jatropha that an entrepreneur or investor needs to know about before investing in this field. This chapter provides these real world insights and inputs on Jatropha that clearly informs an investor or an entrepreneur the actual characteristics of the crop and the real status of the oil yields from the crop.

Key Sections 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Jatropha Crop Cultivation

Seed Selection

Raising in Nursery

Direct Seeding in Main Field

Crop Management 1.3 Jatropha Soil, Water & Climatic Requirements

Climate

Soil

Water & Irrigation

Rainfall

Weeding

Fertilizers

Crop Density

Pesticides

Inter-cropping

Jatropha Harvesting and Post Harvest Handling

Labor Estimate 1.4 Jatropha Yield

1.4.1 Factors Causing Yield Variation for Jatropha Seeds 1.5 Jatropha Cultivation Q & A 1.6 Jatropha Oil Production

1.6.1 Key Manufacturing Processes for Jatropha Oil 1.6.2 Conversion of Jatropha Oil into Biodiesel

Biodiesel Processing 1.6.3 Can Jatropha Oil Make a Good Biodiesel?

Properties of the biodiesel made from Jatropha oil

Cost of biodiesel made from Jatropha oil


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Q & A 1. What land preparations would you recommend before planting? 2. Where can I get Jatropha curcas seeds and seedlings? 3. How does Jatropha affect soil fertility? 4. When does Jatropha start bearing seeds? 6. Is there a major difference in growth & yield for plants that grew from seeds and those that grew from saplings? 7. Are there other ways to grow Jatropha apart from seeds and saplings? 8. Do the yields decrease under drought conditions? 9. High Yield Variety

Jatropha Yield Based on the various estimates made by experts and data, the following are the consolidated yield data for Jatropha seeds

Year Range of Reported

Yields per hectare (T) Most likely average yield per hectare (T)

1 0.250-1.25 0.50

2 1-2.5 1.5

3 2.5-5.0 3.0

4 5 – 6.25 5.0

5 6.25 – 7.5 6.5

Also provides comparative indicative yield data for Jatropha seeds with and without irrigation, Jatropha real life yield data for various countries, and yield data under best case scenario.

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2. Size & Scope of the Jatropha Business Opportunity The biofuel industry is already worth over $ 50 billion, and by 2014, it is expected to be worth over $ 125 billion. Even at this size, biofuels will contribute less than 5% to the total transportation fuels market worldwide! This shows the size of the opportunity that awaits successful biofuel ventures. While Jatropha is currently being evaluated only for biodiesel, the feedstock has the potential to produce a range of other fuels – ethanol, methane and heavy oil, among others - and could become one of the largest contributing feedstocks for biofuel production. Thus, Jatropha biofuel has the potential to have a future market size in tens of billions. This chapter provides details on the range of business opportunities and product opportunities available with Jatropha.

Key Sections 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Big Challenges & Big Payoffs 2.3 Applications & Uses of Jatropha

2.3.1 Fuel Applications of Jatropha Biodiesel Electricity Generation Oil for Lighting / Cooking

2.3.2 Non-fuel Applications Soap Production Cosmetic Uses Medicinal Uses

2.3.2.1 Other Non-fuel Applications of Jatropha Material Jatropha Meal Uses

2.3.3 Possible Future Uses of Jatropha Possible Future Medicinal Uses Potential Industrial Uses

2.4 Renewable Energy Technologies Suitable For Jatropha Materials Thermal and Thermochemical Technologies

Pyrolysis Gasification

Biochemical Technologies Fermentation Transesterification Biomethanation

Chemical Technologies Thermal Cracking Distillation


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Producer Gas Bioreactor Technology and Process Timelines

Applications & Uses of Jatropha Jatropha has been long used by villagers and tribal in India for its oil. While currently Jatropha oil predominantly is used for biodiesel, other non-fuel uses of the oil are being researched. Apart from its oil, the other parts of Jatropha plant also have the potential for other uses, which are detailed later. We discuss the size and scope of various applications of Jatropha in two categories 1. Fuel 2. Non – fuel

The scope of applications and potential markets for both fuel and non-fuel uses are explained in this chapter. These insights will help entrepreneurs to identify synergistic business opportunities

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3. Real World Status of Jatropha Biodiesel Projects A reading of the various news updates about the Jatropha industry can throw up often conflicting inputs. There are reports about Jatropha’s success from some parts of the world, while from other parts there are reports of the crop failing to living up to expectations. An investor needs a clearer picture of the real world status of Jatropha-based biodiesel projects, especially in terms of country-wise performance of the crop, yields in various regions, and the critical challenges being faced by those who ventured earlier into this industry. This chapter provides inputs on these critical aspects.

Key Sections 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Prominent Companies 3.3 Status of Jatropha Oil in Real World

3.3.1 Supply Volumes 3.3.2 Supplies in Various Countries 3.3.3 Yields in Reality 3.3.4 Industry Concentration 3.3.5 Dominant Designs 3.3.6 Implementation Status of Prominent Companies

D1-BP Fuel Crops Mission Biofuels Sunbiofuels GEM Biofuels

Energem Resources Inc 3.3.7 Q&A

3.4 Bottlenecks & Barriers

Scarcity of Authentic Real-life Data and Guidance

Uncertain Yields

Land Availability

Threat of New Entrants


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Q & A

1. Why isn’t anybody selling Jatropha oil in large scale commercially? 2. What kind of external funding is available for Jatropha?

Industry Concentration Number of Companies Involved in Producing Fuels from Jatropha

Year # of Jatropha Biodiesel Companies

2000 1-5

2003 20

2005 60

2008 225 Note: The number does not include very small Jatropha biodiesel efforts, and typically considers only those that comprise at least 500 hectares.

List of prominent companies and the status of this emerging industry with regard to the number of companies, existence of standards, key entry barriers and project implementation are provided in this chapter

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4. Costs An in-depth knowledge of costs involved in Jatropha biofuels is critical for an entrepreneur exploring this industry. Some cost components in the Jatropha biofuel industry are “standard” costs – these include the costs of oil extraction, transesterification or anaerobic digestion, for instance. These cost components are well understood as they have been applied for similar products earlier. The costs for cultivation and maintenance of the Jatropha crop on a large-scale are however not fully understood, as large-scale cultivation started only a few years back. This chapter provides data on the costs of cultivation, estimated based on real-life interactions, and analyses of cost data from multiple sources and different regions worldwide. This chapter also provides cost details for producing possible energy products from Jatropha, other than biodiesel – methane, electricity, biodiesel and a range of hydrocarbon fuels based on gasification / pyrolysis.

Key Sections 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Cost

4.2.1 Cultivation, Crop Management & Harvesting

Cultivation

Crop care

Harvesting 4.2.2 Costs for Jatropha Biodiesel

4.2.2.1 Oil Extraction & Refining

Extraction Cost Components 4.2.2.2 Summary of costs for oil extraction and refining 4.2.2.3 Costs for Conversion of Oil to Biodiesel

Transesterification for Biodiesel

Cost Components for Conversion to Biodiesel 4.2.3 Costs for Other Energy Products from Jatropha

Electricity through Anaerobic Digestion

Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Thermochemical Processes

Heat and Electricity from Direct Combustion of Jatropha Biomass

4.2.4 Summary of Costs for Energy from Jatropha 4.3 Costs – Reference

Energy Costs Combustion & Landfill Gas & Co-firing 4.4 Indicative Costs for Setting up Medium Scale Jatropha Oil Manufacturing Plants


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Costs This chapter provides detail estimates of costs involved in whole Jatropha biodiesel process from cultivation to biodiesel and other energy products. Detailed cost estimates for each and every process are given below Cost for: Cultivation - Includes seed or sapling cost, land preparation and sowing. Crop Care - Includes pruning, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation etc Harvesting Cost

Costs for Producing Jatropha Biodiesel Apart from the cost of cultivation and harvesting, the costs for Jatropha biodiesel production include those for: 1. Extraction 2. Conversion to Biodiesel - Transesterification Oil Extraction & Refining Costs for: Expeller press Solvent extraction Refining

Extraction Cost Components Cost of chemicals Cost of extraction equipments (capital expenses) Cost of maintenance of extraction equipments Cost of extraction operations Cost of purification of extracted oil Cost of manpower for all the above operations

Costs for Conversion of Oil to Biodiesel Transesterification for Biodiesel – Transesterification is the process by which plant oils are converted to biodiesel

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Cost Components for Conversion to Biodiesel Cost of conversion equipments (capital expenses) Cost of maintenance of conversion equipments Chemicals and additives required for conversion Actual cost of conversion operations Cost of manpower for all the above operations

Costs for Other Energy Products from Jatropha It is possible to derive fuels other than biodiesel from Jatropha though these are in the experimental stages. The other energy products that can be derived from Jatropha are Cellulosic Ethanol Electricity through Anaerobic Digestion Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Thermochemical Processes Heat and Electricity from Direct Combustion of Jatropha Biomass

The report also provides inputs on the process and indicative costs for producing these fuels from Jatropha.

Summary of Costs for Oil Extraction and Refining

Process

Operating Cost for Extraction ($ per gallon)

Amortized Capital Cost for

Extraction ($ per gallon)*

Total Cost for Refining (Operating

Cost + Amortized Capex) ($ per gallon)

Total Cost ($ per gallon)

Expeller Press 0.12 0.05 0.2 0.37

Solvent Extraction 0.20 0.1 0.2 0.5


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5. Prices Jatropha seeds have seen high volatility in their prices in the past few years, as prices increased significantly in anticipation of accelerated demand. On the other side, only in early 2009, some of the companies in the Jatropha biodiesel production business started publicly providing the prices of biodiesel produced by them. The economic sustainability of Jatropha biodiesel production is enhanced if the Jatropha meal, produced as a by-product, is able to fetch a good price in the market. Knowledge of prices of Jatropha seeds and oil - and the trends in these prices – are very important for entrepreneurs and investors as this is the single most important factor that will determine the financial viability of their projects. This chapter provides historical and updated price data for Jatropha seeds, oil and Jatropha meal.

Key Sections 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Jatropha Seeds Prices & Trends 5.3 Jatropha Oil Prices 5.4 Jatropha Meal Prices

Jatropha Seeds Prices & Trends

Average Seed Price of Jatropha

Year Average Seed Price ($/Kg)

2005 0.1

2006 0.12

Jan 2007 0.12

July 2007 0.14

Jan 2008 0.2

Jul 2008 0.22

Can we provide some mid early 2009 and mid

2009 prices?

Price details of Jatropha seed, oil and meal are discussed in this chapter

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6. Profiles of Top Companies Starting with just a handful of companies in 2002, the Jatropha industry currently has over a hundred companies that have invested in large-scale Jatropha biodiesel production, in addition to hundreds of small and small-medium entrepreneurs and businesses. The profiles and the activities of the prominent companies will provide insights on the success factors and important lessons for entrepreneurs keen on investing in Jatropha biofuels. This chapter provides profiles and important operational details of all the top companies that are operating in the Jatropha biodiesel industry.

Key Sections 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Companies Venturing into Jatropha Worldwide:

6.2.1 Major Jatropha Companies

D1-BP Fuel Crops

Mission Biofuels

Sunbiofuels GEM Biofuels

Jatoil Limited

Energem Resources Inc

Energy Africa LTD.

Eco-Carbone ESV Group plc Oil

IKF Green Fuel Ltd.

GreenGold Ray Energies Inc. (GRYE)

Viridas PLC

6.2.2 Other Companies


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Companies Venturing into Jatropha The largest private companies in the Jatropha industry are 1. Company name: D1-BP Fuel Crops Location: London Line of Activity: Biofuels technology company developing new energy crops into sustainable commercial fuels. D1-BP Fuel Crops Limited, a joint venture between BP and D1 Oils plc, was formed in October 2007. The partnership aims to make more sustainable biodiesel feedstock available commercially through the planting and cultivation of Jatropha curcas, a low-cost, sustainable biodiesel feedstock. The partnership combines D1 Oils’ unique experience in the plant science and commercial planting of Jatropha for the production of biodiesel with BP’s commercial strength, fuels technology expertise and access to major international fuel markets. Up to 31 March 2008, D1-BP Fuel Crops has planted or obtained rights to off take from a total of 192,016 hectares of Jatropha worldwide. Planting is concentrated in Southern Africa, India and South East Asia. The cumulative position is summarised in the table below:

Managed plantations

Contract farming

Seed purchase and

oil supply agreements

Total Hectares

India

South — 62,455 — 62,455

North East — 5,922 — 5,922

Rest — 2,860 23,833 26,693

— 71,237 23,833 95,070

Africa

Zambia 2,276 70 23,179 25,525

Swaziland 1,064 210 6,112 7,386

Rest 50 879 13,638 14,567

3,390 1,159 42,929 47,478

South East Asia

Indonesia 18 19,250 20,132 39,400

Rest — 2,212 7,856 10,068

18 21,462 27,988 49,468

Total 3,408 93,858 94,750 192,016

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It is anticipated that some 1 million hectares will be planted over the next four years, with an estimated 300,000 hectares per year thereafter. D1-BP Fuel Crops aims to have the first Jatropha oil feedstock available by end of 2008. BP will invest close to US$90 million of a total JV investment of US$160 million over the next five years Jatropha oil produced from the plantations will be used to meet local biodiesel requirements as well as for export to markets such as Europe, where domestic feedstock is unlikely to meet anticipated regulatory led demand for biodiesel of around 11 million tonnes a year from 2010. Other Projects In India, BP is funding a US$9.4 million project by The Energy Resources Institute (TERI) to examine the possibilities of using Jatropha as a biofuels component. The project will seek to cultivate 8,000 hectares of Jatropha (equivalent to 20 m saplings) and will install all the necessary processing equipment to process the crop into biodiesel. It will produce approximately 9 million litres of biodiesel per annum and will involve planting, cultivating and harvesting the plant; dehulling and crushing the seeds; shipping it to a conversion plant and finally blending it with diesel. Jatropha Plantation Location: Southern Africa, India and South East Asia. Website: http://www.d1bpfuelcrops.com/

Detailed profiles, projects, Jatropha acreage and their research are provided for over 10 prominent companies that have ventured into the Jatropha biodiesel industry.

http://www.d1bpfuelcrops.com/


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Company Website

AEC/French Company

Avana Group

Baker Biofuel Company (USA)

Bio Energy www.bioenergy.net

Bio Energy Invest

Biocombustibles de Guatemala

Biodiesel Technologies - www.biodieseltechnologiesindia.com

Bioenergy Development Co. Ltd www.bioenergy-development.com

BIOFISCHER

Biogreen Energy Sdn.Bhd,Malaysia

BIOPER

BioTins / Saudibras

BioX Group. www.biox.nl

CARAMURU www.caramuru.com

China Agro-Technology Ltd.

CNOOC www.cnooc.com.cn

COFCO www.cofco.com/en/

Costa Rica Seed Company www.costaricaseedcompany.com

Curcas Diesel Brazil

Diligent Energy Systems www.diligent.nl

Eagle Farm

ECOMAXX

Elaion Africa LDA

EnerTerra www.enerterra.com

Enhanced Biofuels Technologies Pvt Ltd www.ebtiplc.com

EnviroTrade www.envirotrade.co.uk

Equitech www.equitech.biz

FairTradeFuel www.fairtradefuel.org

Flora EcoPower www.floraecopower.com

FRC/TAISEI Japan

http://www.bioenergy.net/

http://www.biodieseltechnologiesindia.com/


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Fu Xing Yuan Bio-energy Company Ltd

Fusermann Biodiesel www.fusermann.com.br

GALP Energy www.galpenergia.com

Galten www.galtengroup.com

GIC-MAPER

Green Eight Industries Inc.

Green Power www.greenpower.li/jatropha.html

Heaven Petroleum

InfEnergy Ltd. www.jatrophatanzania.com

InWent & Energiebau Solarstromsysteme

ISPAIA Energia

J and P Company

J+J Group www.jjsea.com

Jatrafuel

JatroGreen

Jatropha Africa-Ghana www.jatrophaafrica.com

John Bizeray

J-Oils www.johnston-oils.co.uk

JSL Biofuels Analavory (GEXSI) www.gexsi.org

KAKUTE

Kikuletwa

Kilimanjaro Biofuels

Kolao Group

Land Lab Bio-tech www.lablandbiotechs.com

Mali Biocarburant SA www.malibiocarburant.com

Marli Investments

Naturol Bioenergy Ltd www.naturol-bio.com

NEO - New Ecologic Oil www.newecologicoil.com

NNE Minas Agroforestal

Noble Horticulture Farm

Oji Paper Group www.ojipaper.co.jp

Oval Biofuels www.ovalbiofuels.com


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Pandian Estates Private Limited

Panzhihua Jatropha Biodiesel Industry Development

Plant.a.Bio Agrotecnologia www.plantabio.com.br

Plantation Oswaldo Aguair

Prefeitura de Cuiabá www.cuiaba.mt.gov.br

PROKON www.prokon-tanzania.com

PT Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (RNI) www.rni.co.id

PT. Kreatif Energi Indonesia www.indobiofuel.com

Rivertime Plantations

Sada Bioenergia www.sadabioenergia.com.br

SafiAnzania

Sherriff Estates

Sinopec China www.english.sinopec.com/index.shtml

Sunshine Technology www.sunshinetechnology.com

Symboil www.symboil.de

Thenergo www.thenergo.eu

TOM Investment – MMF

Yunnan Plant Oil Group and German Energy Strategy Consulting Company

Yunnan Shenyu New Energy Co. Ltd


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7. Investments & Financing While there are large-scale investments taking place in Jatropha biodiesel world over, there are a number of small and medium scale businesses investing in this industry as well. While some of the small scale investors might be in a position to self-finance their ventures, most other entrepreneurs and investors are relying on external financing for their Jatropah ventures. Three types of financings have been supporting the Jatropha industry – bank loans, equity-based financing, and government / public grants. This chapter provides details on updates for each of these modes of financing.

Key Sections 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Some Sample Investments in Jatropha

Investments by Prominent Companies

Investments by Other Companies 7.3 Methodologies for Financing

Loans

Equity

Governmental schemes

Some Sample Investments in Jatropha

Investments by Prominent Companies

Company Investment

(US$) Country Invested Area (Hectares)

D1-BP Fuel 160 million South Africa & India 1 million

Sun Biofuels 20 million Tanzania NA

GEM BioFuels 7.2 million Madagascar 452,500

Energem Resources 55 million Mozambique 60,000

This chapter provides inputs on sample investment data and the existing methods for financing such investments.

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8. Business Strategies As in any other business, the winners in the Jatropha industry are those who would have strategized better than the also-rans. The fast-changing and dynamic nature of the Jatropha industry makes it more important that entrepreneurs get their strategy right, in such a way that it factors in the uncertainties in the business while at the same time ensures that most of the business actions go towards creating productive, long-term assets. This chapter provides key insights on the various strategic aspects of the Jatropha biofuel industry, and clearly points out the key factors for success, as well as the mistakes that should be avoided.

Key Sections 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Key Strategies 8.3 Understanding Your Country / Region’s Regulatory and Incentive Environment Better

Government & Other Public Mandates & Initiatives o North America

Canada o European Union o Africa

South Africa Mozambique Ghana

o Asia India China Japan

o Oceania Australia

Key Strategies Talk to the Industry – It is important that prospective investors and entrepreneurs talk to real life Jatropha growers in the relevant region before investing. Yields and related growth parameters vary significantly across the world and hence generalized data are not sufficient

This chapter provides detailed insights and business strategies for the various aspects.

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9. Predictions Knowledge of future possibilities helps entrepreneurs in planning their ventures better. This is especially true for an industry that is in its initial stages. Based on our acquaintance with the Jatropha biofuel industry since its inception, and based on our interactions with experts and industry participants, we have provided our inputs on the future challenges, highlights and trends for the Jatropha biofuels industry in terms of costs and prices, competition, supply and demand, and geographic expansion of the industry.

Key Sections 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Prices 9.3 Companies 9.4 Countries 9.5 Jatropha Oil Supply

9.5.1 Supply Forecast for Biodiesel 9.5.2 Supply Forecast for Jatropha Biodiesel 9.5.3 Share of Jartropha Biodiesel in Total Supply

Projected Share of Jatropha Biodiesel in Total Biodiesel Production 9.6 Trends in Development of Jatropha Schemes 9.7 Jatropha Market Trends - Summary

Supply Forecast for Jatropha Biodiesel

Year Total projected Jatropha biodiesel supply (MMT)

2009 0.5

2010 2.1

2012 6.5

2015 15.5 Source: BioZio

This chapter provides predictions for the future of Jatropha oil and biodiesel for the next five years and beyond. In addition, predictions on number of companies and countries for large-scale Jatropha cultivation are provided in this chapter.

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10. Interested? Next Steps 10.1 Biofuels Associations Worldwide 10.2 Ask BioZio

Ask BioZio If you are interested in taking the next steps, you might have the following questions (or other questions related to these):

Are there consultants I can talk to right away? Where do I find the Jatropha experts?

Where can I find companies for purchasing equipments related to Jatropha

cultivation and extraction? Where can I find experts who can implement the Biodiesel plant for me?

We’d request you to send in your questions such as the above to biozio.com, by sending an email to [email protected]. We will do our best to assist you in this.

List of Tables

Chapter 1

1. Jatropha Yield 2. Yield Based on Soil Quality 3. Some Real Life Yield Data for Jatropha Seeds 4. Key Fuel Properties of Jatropha Oil and its Biodiesel

Chapter 2

5. Revenues of Top 5 Oil Companies (2008, US$ billion) 6. Effect of Jatropha Cake on Jatropha curcas Planted under Different Spacing A

summary of these fuels is provided below, along with inputs on the conversion technologies / processes used

7. In future, other technologies might start getting applied for making energy fuels from Jatropha. The following table provides possible timeframes for the application of some of the technologies and processes

mailto:[email protected]


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Chapter 3

8. Some Real Life Yield Data for Jatropha Seeds 9. Number of Jatropha Biodiesel Companies by Year

Chapter 4

10. Representative Working Out of Costs and Returns for Jatropha Cultivation 11. Cost of Extraction Using Oil Press 12. Cost of Solvent Extraction 13. Refining - Degumming, Neutralization 14. Summary of Costs for Oil Extraction and Refining 15. Transesterification Cost 16. Anaerobic Digestion 17. Cost of Thermochemical Processes 18. Gasification / Pyrolysis & Catalytic Synthesis 19. Cost of Direct Combustion 20. Support data and assumptions for the cost calculations 21. Enzyme/Fermentation vs. Gasification/Synthesis 22. Capital Cost Estimates of Gasification & Pyrolysis Plants 23. Costs for Biomass Energy Using Combustion 24. Typical Biodiesel Cost Break-up

Chapter 5

25. Jatropha Seeds Prices & Trends 26. Countrywise Jatropha Seed Price (2008) 27. Jatropha Oil Prices 28. Jatropha Meal Prices

Chapter 6

29. D1-BP Fuel Crops Plantations

30. Other Companies

Chapter 7

31. Investments by Prominent Companies 32. Investments by Other Companies


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Chapter 8

33. Use and Blending Share Targets (T) and Mandates (M) For Liquid Biofuels That Can Be Met By either Ethanol or Biodiesel

34. EU Member States Goals for the Use of Biofuels as Transportation Fuel (% of Total Fuel Use)

Chapter 9

35. Current prices of Jatropha biodiesel 36. Companies 37. Projected Total Biodiesel Production Until 2015 (from all feedstock) 38. Supply Forecast for Jatropha Biodiesel 39. Share of Jatropha Biodiesel in Total Supply 40. Share of Jatropha Biodiesel in Total Supply

Chapter 10

41. Biofuels Associations Worldwide

List of Figures

Chapter 1

1. Jatropha Crop Cultivation

Chapter 9

2. Trends in Development of Jatropha Schemes

References 1 Position Paper on Jatropha and Large Scale Project Development, FACT, June, 2007

2 http://www.svlele.com/lecture2.htm 3 http://www.svlele.com/lecture2.htm 4 http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/AgNatRes/Pubs/Jatropha%20Q%20and%20A2.pdf 5 http://www.jatrophacurcasplantations.com/jatropha-curcas-seeds.htm 6 http://www.osmania.ac.in/BotanyResearch/images/WEBPAGE.DOC 7 http://www.osmania.ac.in/BotanyResearch/images/WEBPAGE.DOC 8 www.bar.gov.ph

http://www.svlele.com/lecture2.htm

http://www.svlele.com/lecture2.htm

http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/AgNatRes/Pubs/Jatropha%20Q%20and%20A2.pdf

http://www.jatrophacurcasplantations.com/jatropha-curcas-seeds.htm

http://www.osmania.ac.in/BotanyResearch/images/WEBPAGE.DOC

http://www.osmania.ac.in/BotanyResearch/images/WEBPAGE.DOC

http://www.bar.gov.ph/


D IGEST PREVIEW

Jatropha

Price of the Jatropha Digest The price of the Jatropha Digest is US $150. You can purchase the report using a credit card from here - http://www.biozio.com/ref/report/jat/purchase.html To know more about the report, visit http://www.biozio.com/ref/report/jat/jatropha_biodiesel.html If you are interested in purchasing using bank wire transfer, please send a note to Narsi Santhanam – email: [email protected] , Mobile: +91-98413-48117 (India).

http://www.biozio.com/ref/report/jat/purchase.html

http://www.biozio.com/ref/report/jat/jatropha_biodiesel.html

mailto:[email protected]

Jatropha Digest Preview

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