INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIA NRWBy

Hasnul Mohamad Salleh, PhD DG, Water Supply Department, MEGTW

1. Overview on Malaysia NRW2. Currents problems 3. Current practice4. Technology/ methodology currently being used5. Successes to date6. On-going program7. Lessons learnt 8. Way forward

NRW Studies/Program

Development & Implementation of NRW Program NRW Control Study & Development Of

Leakage Control Program For Malaysia Water Leakage Control Study And Training in

Malaysia - JICA Expert/Water Supply Branch, PWD Malaysia

Rehabilitation And Upgrading of Water Supply Systems In Malaysia

Total System Input volume (TSI)

Revenue Water - Billed Authorized Consumption Volume (BAC)-

NRW

Real losses ( Leakage )

Apparent Losses

Unbilled Authorized

Utilities own UseFlushingFire fightingStreet washing

NRW COMPONENTS

NRW %= (TSI–BAC)/( TSI)

PERCENTAGE NON-REVENUE WATER (NRW) (%) FROM YEAR 1994 TO 2009

36

38

40

35

37

39.340

38.9

40.6

3939.5

37.10

37.70

37.7036.93

36.63

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TA

GE

(%

)

9th Malaysia Plan NRW Target : 37.7 % in 2006 to 30.0% in 2010

Mid term review - 2008

Revised Target : 36.0%

Current : 36.6%

10th Malaysia Target : 34.0%

7th Plan (1996-2000) =RM0.58B

8th Plan (2001-2005 )=RM1 B

Why High Percentage NRW?

• Unsustainable and non committal NRW Control Project (no follow through after project)

• No incentives and recognition• Insufficient allocation• Ineffective Monitoring System• Inaccurate NRW Calculations and data Interpretations• Repetitions on Wrong doings during new water supply

project.• Implementations and substandard materials and poor

quality workmanship.

Cause of NRW

1. Age of System and Type of Material Used2. Age of Meter and Metering Policy - Domestic Meter Under-Registration - Bulk meters under registration - Unmetered usage3. Administrator Errors4. Incorrect meter reading or fraudulent misreading of meters - Errors on calculation - Meters installed illegally - Failure to replace damage or stopped meters - Errors in estimating readings used when meters stopped

Current problems

1. High physical losses 2. High commercial losses:3 Inadequate staff to tackle NRW4 Inadequate Leakage KPI5 Low tariff - Cheaper to waste water.6 Inadequate NRW and Leakage Control policy7 Target – no tough targets

Percentage of AC PipeTotal length of AC Pipes=44,283 Km

Johor, 18%

Kedah, 13%

Kelantan, 8%

Melaka, 4%

Negeri Sembilan, 11%

Pahang, 8%

Perak, 6%

Perlis, 2%

Penang, 3%

Sabah, 5%

Sarawak, 5%

Selangor, 13%

Teregganu, 3%

Wp Labuan, 1%

Meter more than 7 years : 24.4%

Meter less than 7 years : 75.6%

G reater 7 years

L ess than 7 years

P R OP OR T ION OF ME T E R S B Y A G E 2009

Current practice 1. Rehabilitating and replacing old pipes and extending

network –main 2. Removing illegal connections3. Updating consumer database4. Initiating computerized billing5. Training meter readers and payments collections6. Implementing DMAs , PMZ and metered zones for

active leakage control7. Doing GIS mapping8. Keeping control on materials used in water distribution

network construction9. Taking speedy actions to repair bursts, systematic

maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement of pipelines

Current practice

10. Establishing meter replacement program and meter

reading accuracy

11. Establishing Water Management Team with clear responsibilities

12. Reservoir Overflow Monitoring

Technolog

Advanced Leak Detection Tools getting more affordable

-Electronic Listening Stick , Ground Microphone, Correlating -Noise Logger-Ground Penetrating Radar-Trunk Mains Leak Detection Equipment

Technology

Technology has evolved dramatically in the last decade allowing for Holistic NRW Management Implementation to be more affordable.

Water Distribution Management System integrating:• Pipeline information and Billing system• Customer complaints• DMZ’s and leak repairs• Network modeling and SCADA system• DMZ are fitted with battery operated electromagnetic meter and

pressure transducer• Reservoir with electronic sensor• Online monitoring data for SCADA system to priorities leak

detection

On-going programs

1. 100% Pipe Registration in GIS-Essential for DMA/ PMA Design

2. GPS Level Survey -Required for Pressure Management & Hydraulic Modeling

3. Consumer Geo-Coding

-Assignment of Demand to Pipes for Hydraulic Modeling-Assignment of Metered Consumption to DMA for NRW –Calculation

4. Leak & Burst Digitizing- Analysis for Pressure Management - Analysis for Pipe Replacement & Rehabilitation Priority

On-going program

5. DMA Design for long term ease of NRW monitoring-500 to 3,000 connections and less than 20km pipes -Ability to be isolated hydraulically-Pressure consideration especially when changing supply situation from “multiple feed” to “single feed”-Design of Step-Test for large DMA

6. DMA ConstructionUse of Precast Concrete Chamber for speed in construction of large NRW projects.Panel of reliable sub-contractorsInventory of equipment (flow meter/ data logger etc.)Control of material quality

Telemetry System

7. Continuous monitoring -DMA Inlet Flow & Pressure-PRV Upstream/ Downstream Pressure-Average Zone Pressure-Critical Point Pressure-Reservoir Level

8. Time Series Data using GSM/ GPRS Data Logger(flow, pressure, tank level) -Automatic daily data transmission on GSM/ GPRS network-Reduce time factor for “Awareness” of NRW increase in DMA

Reservoir Level Monitoring

9. Monitoring of reservoir overflow-Battery Operated GSM/ GPRS Data Logger with -Hydrostatic Level Transducer.-Logging of 15 min time-series data-Immediate Alarms on Low Level and High Level

10. Allows for immediate identification of problematic Altitude Valves.

Successes - 2005-2009

Selangor (38.4 – 32.49)

Johor (35.5 – 31.95)

Kedah(43.80 – 44.97)

Pahang(48.20 – 59.90)

Perlis(36.30 – 44.67)

Terengganu(34.70 – 37.85)

Melaka(29.0 – 29.71)

Penang(19.40 – 19.40)

Perak( 30.60 – 30.68)

N. Sembilan(54.70 – 49.16)

Sabah(57.20 – 49.41)

Sarawak( 24.70 – 29.50)

Labuan(24.00 – 25.85)Sarawak(24.70 – 29.52)

LESSONS LEARNED Pipe Replacement alone will not reduce NRW

High NRW largely due to poor material quality and workmanship

Control of material quality and workmanship in Leak Repairs is still poor

NRW Programs undertakan between 1980-1990 failed due to no continuity when handed over to the Water Authority. NRW reductions are not sustained. Budget constraint. Skilled manpower shortage. NRW staff get promoted out to other sectors.

LESSONS LEARNT .

NRW Implementation is better outsourced to Specialist NRW Contractor.

NRW Project is different from Construction Project Pressure Management is an important tool for quick gains in

NRW reduction and leak/burst control but not given sufficient attention in most States.

Apparent Loss is not significant for Domestic Consumers and most States have good meter change practice.

Apparent Loss for Non-Domestic Consumers has room for improvement Water theft reduction, use of Class “C” meters,

electromagnetic meters. Meter sizing and meterstand not following specs

Accurate Baseline NRW measurement is essential before start of any NRW Project with realistic targets set.

NRW Projects must be Performance Based Contracts with clear targets in Volumetric NRW Reduction rather than NRW % target and include Reward/ Penalty Clause

NRW is an Investment that requires large initial capital expenditure

LESSONS LEARNT

WAY FORWARD

Implement NRW Projects with balanced holistic approach including;

GIS System Enhancement DMA Establishment PMA Establishment & Pressure Management Tools Telemetry & NRW Management Information System Hydraulic Modelling Active Leak Detection & Repairs Selective Pipe Replacement with focus on Comm Pipe

Replacement. Selective Consumer Meter Replacement.

WAY FORWARD NRW Capex must be controlled by an Agency that has

knowledge in NRW.

NRW Projects to be on Longer Term of minimum 4-5 years inclusive of maintenance and sustaining of NRW reductions achieved. Ensure continuity of NRW Implementation.

Operators cannot depend on Consultants and must develop its own expertise to implement NRW control programs .

WAY FORWARD

Develop NRW KPI

eg GIS Pipe Registration (% Digitized) DMA Coverage (No DMA & % Coverage) No of PMA/ PRV installed % Consumer Meters above 7 yrs Annual NRW Volume (m3/day) Annual NRW %

Upgrade to Class “D” meters for Domestic & Class “C” meters for Non-Domestic (50mm & above)

Carry Out Water Balance

Calculate Optimum Level of NRW

Set Target

Establish NRW Control Policy and Expenditure

Assess Current level of NRW

Assess Optimum Level

Rehabilitation

Pressure Control

Customer Metering

Cost of Detection

Resource Development

Repair Policy

LegislationCustomer Issue

New Technology

NRW MANAGEMENT

WAY FORWARD

Source: UK Water industry: Report C

Performance

THANK YOU

Methodology To Reduce NRW

1. Meter Replacement

2. Regular Sounding

3. Pressure Control

4. Intensive metering

5. Pipeline Replacement and Upgrading

6. Communication Pipe Replacement