Integrated Biorefineries Current Status and Perspectives · fuels, power and/or heat from biomass...

Task 42 – Biorefineries

Task leader: Rene van ReeTask co-leader: Ed de Jong

DOE Biomass Program, Chicago, USA, 4th October 2010

Integrated Biorefineries

Current Status and Perspectives

Biorefinery

Food

Feed

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Fuel

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Pow

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Bio-based Economy

Content

1. IEA Bioenergy – Task 42 “Biorefining”

2. Biorefining – Definition

3. Biorefineries – Current Status & classification

4. Market Implementation Scenario Biorefineries

5. Summary and Advice

1. IEA Bioenergy (1)

IEA Bioenergy is one of a number of Implementing Agreements (IAs) established more than 30 years ago by the International Energy Agency (IEA)

Aim is to provide platforms for international collaboration and information exchange in bioenergy research, development, and demonstration

Annual budget (2010): over 2 M US$

23 contracting parties (member countries) AUS, AT, BEL, BRA, CAN, CRO, DEN, EC, FIN, FRA, GER, IRE, IT, JP, NL, NZ, NOR, SA, SWE, SUI, TUR, UK, USA

1. IEA Bioenergy (2)

12 TasksRaw material related Tasks Biomass Feedstocks for Energy Markets (43) Energy Recovery Solid Waste Management (36)

Conversion process related TasksCombustion and Cofiring (32) Thermal Gasification (33) Pyrolysis (34) Biogas & Landfill Gas (37) Liquid Biofuels (39)

Assessment based TasksSocio-economic drivers (29) AMF-cooperation (41) Sustainable International Biomass Trade (40) Greenhouse Gas Balances (38)

Task

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1. IEA Bioenergy (3)Task 42 Biorefinery

Framework Sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable Biobased Products and Bioenergy

Aims1) Assess the worldwide position and potential for biorefineries 2) Gather new insights for the simultaneous production of food, feed, chemicals, materials, fuels, power and/or heat from biomass in a socially and environmentally acceptable and economically profitable way

BioenergyFood

Feed

Bio-based Products

Fuels

Power Heat

Materials Chemicals

Task 42 Biorefineries


13 PartnersFounding (2007) members (8):

Austria, Canada, Denmark, EU, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands

New Members:

2009: Australia, Italy2010: USA, United Kingdom, Turkey



Results 2007 - 2009• Common definition for biorefineries

• Common classification system for biorefineries

• Country reports on current processing potential and mapping of existing plants.

• Identification of biorefinery related RD&D programmes in participant countries

• Annual biorefinery seminar for stakeholders.

• Linking of ongoing international activities through joint events and new initiatives

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Activities 2010 - 2012

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1. Developing a Biorefinery Complexity Index 2. Identification most promising BBPs to be co-produced with Bioenergy 3. Assessing the current status and development potential of Energy-driven Biorefineries based on a Full Value Chain approach 4. Preparation of a Guidance document on Sustainability Assessment for BRs5. Preparing a Summarizing BR Paper 6. Bio-annual Task Meetings (internal know. diss.) 7. Workshops/website (external know. diss.) 8. Biorefinery Summer School


Task 42 Definition BiorefineriesBiorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a

spectrum of marketable Bio-based Products and

BioenergySustainable: maximising economics, socially acceptable, optimal environmetalperformance

Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermo-chemical and biochemical conversion, extraction, separation, downstream processing

Biomass: residues, crops, algae

Spectrum: multiple product outlets

Marketable: volumes, prices

Bio-based Products: food, feed, chemicals, materials

Bioenergy: fuels, power, heat


2. Biorefining – Definition (2)

In general Product-driven and Energy-drivenBiorefineries can be distinguished

Product-driven BiorefineriesMain goal is the production of one/more Bio-based Products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) Process residues are used to produce Bioenergy for internal/external use to maximise the economic profitability of the overall biomass value chain

Energy-driven Biorefineries Main goal is the production of one/more Energy Carriers (fuels, power and/or heat) Process residues are valorised to BBPs to maximisethe economic profitability of the overall biomass value chain


3. BR – Current Status (1)

“Biorefining” is not new !!!

Specifically in the Food Industry “biorefining” is already applied for ages

Sustainable processing in both BBPsand BE (= Biorefining DEF) is new !


Task 42 – Classification SystemCurrent Naming in Literature

Green Biorefineries

Whole Crop Biorefineries

Lignocellulosic Feedstock

Biorefineries

Marine Biorefineries

Thermochemical Biorefineries

Biochemical Biorefineries

Oleochemical Biorefineries

Syngas Platform

Sugar Platform

Two Platform

Biorefinery

Lignin Platform

Biodiesel Platform

Forest-based Biorefinery

No coherent naming system available


3. BR – Current Status

Green Biorefinery – AT example

Fractioning

Amino acids Lactic acid

BIOGAS

Fibres60 - 100 kg AS Gemisch 120 – 160 kg Resource for

fibreboards, isolation material etc.

Optional drying and further fractioning

Silage3330 kg

(1000 kg TS)

Plant juice 2083 kg ( 300 kg TS)

ca. 0,1ha

Press-cake1250 kg

(700 kg TS)

Residual waste ca. 1850kg (40-120kg TS)Source: Spitzer, Mandl &

Hofbauer, 2007



Whole Crop Biorefinery exampleUse of raw materials such as cereals

or maizeGrain

‘biotechn./chemical’‘physical/chemical’

Fuels,Chemicals,

Polymers and Materials

LignocellulosicRaw material

Flour (Meal)‘physical/chemical’

Straw‘biotechn./chemical’

Whole Crop Cereals

- Dry Mill -

Starch line,Sugar

Raw material

Cogeneration( CHP )

Heat and Power

Residues

Source: Kamm, Gruber & Kamm, 2006

Source: Beethanol, NL



LC Feedstock Biorefinery example (1) (Sugar / Lignin Platform)

Cellulose‘biotech./chemical’

Fuels,Chemicals,

Polymers andMaterials

LigninRaw material

Hemicellulose‘biotech./chemical’

Lignin‘chemical’

LignocellulosicFeedstock

(LCF)

Sugar Raw material

Cogeneration( CHP )

Heat and Power

Residues

Source: Kamm, Gruber & Kamm, 2006

BCyL cellulose ethanol demo plant AB, Salamanca, 5 Million L EtOH/yr from 25,000 ton straw. Operational since Oct. 2009.



LC Feedstock Biorefinery example (2) (Syngas Platform) = THIS CONFERENCE

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RENEW (EC FP6)


3. BR – Current Status (12)

Forest-based Biorefinery example

Source: VTT, 200?



Marine Biorefinery example

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Sour

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010

Production costs have to be reduced by factor 10 !


Task 42 – Classification SystemAim Classification System

• Should be unambiguous for all stakeholders within the Biorefinery field

• Both the feedstocks used and the main intermediate and final products produced should be part of the naming

• The naming should reflect the complexity of the Biorefinery facility

• The naming should be as specfic as possible


Task 42 – Classification SystemApproach

Platforms =

main intermediates

Specified Bio-based Products

+ Bioenergy

Specified Feedstocks

C6 sugar C5 sugar

Lignin Protein Bio-oil

Syngas Biogas

Hydrogen …..

Food Components Feed Components

Chemicals Materials

Fuels Power Heat

Residues Crops Algae …..

A <platforms> biorefinery for the production of <products, energy>

from <feedstocks.>


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Further reading

BiorefineryBrochure

The classification system will be

finalized in 2010/2011

Task 42 Biorefinery

4. Market Implementation Scenario Biorefineries

Short-term: “Bottom-up Approach” – Upgrading of existing industrial infrastructures to high-efficient biorefinery facilities by i) using process (chain) residues and/or ii) making process modifications for the production of added-value bio-based products and/or bioenergy.

Examples: conventional ethanol + ddgs valorisation, biodiesel + cake and/or glycerol valorisation, upstream integration of biomass pyrolysis/gasification units within conventional oil refineries, …

Long-term: “Top-down Approach” – Development of fully new sustainable biorefinery facilities for the high-efficient co-production of human food, animal feed, chemicals, materials, fuels, power and/or heat.

Examples: Green BRs, Whole Crop BRs, Lignocellulosic Feedstock BRs, Marine BRs, …


5. Summary and Advice

Biorefining is not new (food industry, …) –

Sustainable biomass use taking into account the Full Value Chain Approach is !

Critical Success Factors for a Bio-based Economy

Biomass use should beSocially accepted

Economically profitableEnvironmentally friendly

Product-driven Biorefineries are the Road to the future BBE

If the answer is yes – new international policy goals on non-energetic biomass use are required !!!


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New professional Task website

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Thank you for your attention


Further information

René van Ree ([email protected])Ed de Jong ([email protected])

www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com

Integrated Biorefineries Current Status and Perspectives · fuels, power and/or heat from biomass...

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