IALA- Global Sharing of Maritime Data St Germain, Paris, September 2011 Legal Aspects of Remote...
11
IALA- Global Sharing of Maritime Data St Germain, Paris, September 2011 Legal Aspects of Remote Sensing and Data Sharing Prof. Dr. Lesley Jane Smith, LL.M. Leuphana University Lüneburg Solicitor, Weber-Steinhaus & Smith
-
Upload
anis-higgins -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
description
3 International law UN Remote Sensing Principles 1986 Peaceful use; outer space as ‘common heritage/ ‘global commons’ Sensing states to make data available to sensed states National law Space activities include RS Many national statutes include RS as space activity (e.g. UK) Notification requirement –not full licensing Further distribution not regulated France, Germany, Canada State right of foreclosure (security interests of state; Art LOS) Shutter control (e.g. Canada, not yet used) International and National Law
Transcript of IALA- Global Sharing of Maritime Data St Germain, Paris, September 2011 Legal Aspects of Remote...
IALA- Global Sharing of Maritime DataSt Germain, Paris, September 2011
Legal Aspects of Remote Sensingand
Data SharingProf. Dr. Lesley Jane Smith, LL.M.
Leuphana University LüneburgSolicitor, Weber-Steinhaus & Smith
2
Legal Parameters for Remote Sensing International, national Whose data? What protection? By what right?
Stakeholders Public Commercial Civilian/ Military Security backdrop, see Space Situational Awareness SSA
Solutions SLAs Conditions
Overview
3
International law UN Remote Sensing Principles 1986
Peaceful use; outer space as ‘common heritage/ ‘global commons’ Sensing states to make data available to sensed states
National law Space activities include RS Many national statutes include RS as space activity (e.g. UK)
Notification requirement –not full licensing Further distribution not regulated
France, Germany, Canada State right of foreclosure (security interests of state; Art 23-25 LOS) Shutter control (e.g. Canada, not yet used)
International and National Law
4
Non-tangible, non-visible, until processed Data categories under UN Principles: primary; processed; analysed data
No uniform terminology in national statutes Canada – raw data/ RS ‘product’ Germany § 2 SatDSig – signals +products regardless of processing degree
Differing terminology, philosophy + ownership culture vis a vis ‘data’
Europe: proprietary USA: open access to public funded data
Downside: lack of uniformity in terminology as between states and UN RS Principles
Status of Data
5
Status and protection of satellite radio signals + data as ‘property’
Relevant for commercial and PPP market Rights of access and distribution in policies Conditions of access vary (funding, R&D, security etc) Access to high-resolution data limited (Infoterra, Spotimage etc)
Raw data traditionally subject to some form of sovereign rightsFor value-added processing; database and/or software copyright
Data overlay for tools such as vessel tracking
Status of Data (2)
6
Data exchange between international satellite and other organisations
To be regulated by data policy Conditions depend on agencies/customers involved
Generally, retention of IP by agency; access + licensing conditions
GMES – policy in preparation, free and open Access by national public authorities
Monitoring/ safety, restricted access, primarily civilian; Encryption, assurances
Pragmatic approach: commercial providers serve military needs (UK) Security issues
See e.g. Canada, mandatory conditions on licensee/ Control of raw data + products; disposal plan; system participants
Stakeholder and Data Exchange Dialogue
7
Sensitivities expressed in data policies Whose remit / whose certification /licensing and re-use? Data availability excludes re-use: e.g. Infoterra
Data validation, integrity and certification (authenticity) e.g. Galileo SoL services
Space agency remit? PPP? National law (Art VI OST) for licensing commercial sector
Further issues of data exchange Classic ‚data protection‘ inapplicable to commercial sector Response to vessel insurers demands Data ‚misuse‘ illegal
Reflections on Securing Secure Data Exchange
8
Consolidating ‘non-military’ security purposes EU Space Situational Awareness SSA Under development as 3rd. pillar to ESP EO (GMES, funding to 2013); navigation (Galileo)
Service Level Agreements Already common in IT; enables involvement of commercial sector Tbd depending on whether own dedicated satellites available Response to economic climate
Stakeholder and Data Exchange Dialogue
9
Agency driven SAT-AIS (ESA/EMSA) EDA/MUSIS: multinational space based imaging system (failure?) Allows e.g. law enforcement purposes
Broadband paradox Private (commercial) markets are increasing through space technologies +apps PPP response to economic constraints
1st ESA PPP = Hylas broadband service
Possible Solutions
10
Coherency required between dedicated data policies and notably EU/ ESA projects UN RSP as international and national regulatory models for data sharing Data sharing is an exercise in good regulation/ ‚law making‘
Canadian statute designed as „how to license prototype‘“ Align with technology developments
Define customers/users Security compatibility
Noticeable trend towards PPP in sat sector
Conclusions
11
CONTACT DETAILS
BaumwollbörseWachtstraße 17 – 2428195 BremenTel.: +49/ 421 – 63 93 60Fax: +49/ 421 – 63 93 [email protected]
