Hydrosphere

3rd Period

The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle

The Three Major Process of the Water Cycle

• Evaporation- “The process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor”. Water always evaporates from the Earth’s ocean’s, lakes, streams, and soil, but most of the water evaporates from the ocean.

• Condensation- In this process water vapor creates water droplets on dust particles. These water droplets create clouds. In doing so the water droplets will run into each other, stick together, and make larger heavier droplets.

Condensation

“any form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface from the clouds; includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail”.

Alma Beganovic

☺Pacific Ocean:☻Largest ocean with a surface area of 165,640,000 km square.☻Pictured at the top right .

☺Atlantic Ocean:☻ Second largest with a surface area of 81,630,000 km square.☻Pictured in the middle right.

By: Jenna Begley

☺Indian Ocean:☻Third largest ocean with a surface area

of 73,420,000 km square.☻Pictured in the top right.

☺Artic Ocean:☻Fourth smallest ocean with a surface area of

14,350,000 km square.☻Pictured at the bottom right.

By: Jenna Begley

“the concentration of all the dissolved salts it contains”

97%

of t

he w

ater

on

eart

h

is o

cean

wat

er.

If all the water in the

oceans evaporated what was left over

could make a 180 mile high and one mile thick wall

of salt around the

equator

Ocean Salinity on average is about 3.5% by

volume

Why does water taste so

salty ?

By: Jenna Begley

Ocean Layers. KalleyOcean Layers. Kalley The surface layer is the warmest because The surface layer is the warmest because

it is warmed by the sun and is at the top of it is warmed by the sun and is at the top of the ocean which is constantly mixed by the ocean which is constantly mixed by wave action and has all sorts of animals.wave action and has all sorts of animals.

The Thermocline is the middle layer; The Thermocline is the middle layer; decreasing temperature with depth. It is decreasing temperature with depth. It is the boundary between warm and cold the boundary between warm and cold water. It has low levels of sunlight.water. It has low levels of sunlight.

Below the Thermocline is the deep zone. It Below the Thermocline is the deep zone. It is the deepest zone, which is at the bottom is the deepest zone, which is at the bottom of the ocean with temperatures below of the ocean with temperatures below freezing. It is very dark and no sunlight freezing. It is very dark and no sunlight reaches to it.reaches to it.

KalleyKalley

How do currents regulate How do currents regulate temperature?temperature?

Currents that circulate warm water cause Currents that circulate warm water cause the land they flow past to have a more the land they flow past to have a more moderate climate.moderate climate.

Fact: storing and absorbing energy is one Fact: storing and absorbing energy is one of the most important functions of the of the most important functions of the oceans.oceans.

Ex: the British isles are warmed by the Ex: the British isles are warmed by the Gulf stream.Gulf stream.

Surface CurrentsSurface Currents circulate warm water to the deeper parts of the ocean.

The water at the oceans surface is moved by winds that blow in certain patterns because of the spin of the earth.

Gabbie Parnau

Coriolis Effect

“The Curving of the path of a moving object caused by the earths rotation”

“In physics, the Coriolis effect is an apparent deflection of moving objects when they are viewed from a rotating reference frame.”

Gabbie Parnau

• Deep ocean currents form when cold, Deep ocean currents form when cold, dense water from the poles sink below dense water from the poles sink below warmer, less dense ocean water and flows warmer, less dense ocean water and flows toward the equator.toward the equator.

• When cold water sinks to the bottom of When cold water sinks to the bottom of the ocean it flows very slowly northward to the ocean it flows very slowly northward to produce a deep current. produce a deep current.

Katie Stauffer Katie Stauffer

The densest and coldest ocean water is The densest and coldest ocean water is located off the coast of Antarctica .located off the coast of Antarctica .

Katie Stauffer

Earth’s surface is covered by 70 to75 Earth’s surface is covered by 70 to75 Percent.Percent.

Only 3 Percent of the Water is Fresh.Only 3 Percent of the Water is Fresh.

Earth’s Fresh Water is Locked in Earth’s Fresh Water is Locked in Icecaps And Glaciers. The Rest of the Icecaps And Glaciers. The Rest of the Fresh Water Found in Lakes, Rivers Fresh Water Found in Lakes, Rivers and Underground.and Underground.

What is a What is a River River

SystemSystem??““A river system A river system is a flowing is a flowing network of network of rivers and rivers and streams streams draining a river draining a river basin.” basin.”

http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/sask/water_e.php

What areWhat are TributariesTributaries?? TThey are “smaller streams of rivers that hey are “smaller streams of rivers that

flow into larger ones.”flow into larger ones.”

http://www.d.umn.edu/edu/`pmorton/geol1041/photos/tributary.jpg

What is What is Groundwater?Groundwater?ڃ It is made up of rain and melted snow that

has seeped through the ground.

Jesse Jesse DodsonDodson

http://www.groundwater.org/gi/whatisgw.html.

What is What is Groundwater?Groundwater?

Water collected in sediment and rock ڃunderground.

.It only makes up about 1% of the Earth’s water ڃ

Jesse DodsonJesse Dodson

www.nationalgeographic.com/.../session_01.html

How is Groundwater How is Groundwater important?important?ڃ It is the easiest source of fresh water,

so humans use it to drink.

Jesse Jesse DodsonDodson

http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/drinkingwater/images/drinking%20a%20glass%20of%20water.jpg.

How is Groundwater How is Groundwater important?important?.We also use the water for agricultureڃ

http://agricultureguide.org/agriculture/news/.

Jesse Jesse DodsonDodson

What is an aquifer?What is an aquifer?-“ a rock layer that stores and

allows the flow of groundwater.”

Jessica Hunter

-”A formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contains

sufficient saturated, permeable material to yield significant

quantities of water to wells and springs.”

Aquifers

Jessica Hunter

What is a recharge What is a recharge zone?zone?

-”the surface of land where water enters

an aquifer.”

Jessica Hunter

Jessica Hunter

Recharge Zones

www.academic.evergreen.edu

Thinkingpictures.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_arch…

www.echo.epfl.ch/VICAIRE/mod_3/chapt_9/text.htm