U09 Hydrosphere

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 9

CONTENTS

RESOURCES

LINKS

HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS

CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS

ACTIVITY


Contents

The Hydrosphere

Water on Earth

DistributionOriginPropertiesNatural disasters

Sea water

PropertiesMovements

Fresh water

Distribution

Uses of water

Uses and saving waterDrinking waterWater pollution

The water cycle

Processes

HOME


CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


HOME

Resources

Distribution of water on Earth

Origin of the hydrosphere

What are some properties of water?

What is sea water like?

Natural disasters produced by water

Movements produced in the oceans

Where is fresh water found?

What is the water cycle?

What is water used for?

Drinking water What causes water pollution?


CLOSEBACK

Links

ACTIVITY LINKS

Activity: water cycle

Water cycle activity


Distribution of water on Earth

HOME

CLOSEBACK

Total water on Earth

sea water 97 %

fresh water 3 %

Total fresh water

ice 68.7%

surface water (liquid) 0.3%other 0.9%

groundwater 30.1%

lakes 87 %swamps 11%

Total surface fresh water (liquid)

rivers 2%

ACTIVITY LINKSRESOURCESCONTENTS


Primitive atmosphere:• carbon dioxide• water vapour

Origin of the hydrosphere

IS THERE WATER ON OTHER PLANETS?

4,500 million years ago Present

condensationgaseous

water

liquid water

solid water


CLOSEBACK

Temperature 15 ºC

ACTIVITY LINKS


Water on other rocky planets


CLOSEBACK

Mercury

Venus

Mars

GO BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK

Ice may exist in cratersat the poles accordingto radar.

Mercury

Venus

Mars

GO BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK

• Frozen water under the polar caps• Liquid water in the past

Mercury

Venus

Mars

GO BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK

• No surface water• Traces of water vapour in the atmosphere

Mercury

Venus

Mars

GO BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


What are some properties of water?

It absorbs a lot of heat. It is highly cohesive and adhesive.

It expands on freezing.It is an excellent solvent.


CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Natural disasters produced by water

Flash flooding

Torrential rain

River flooding

Tsunamis


CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


87 %

• It is salty.• It contains dissolved gases from: - wave action - the activity of aquatic plants and animals• Temperature varies with depth.

What is sea water like?

Proportions of dissolved salts

chlorides


CLOSEBACK

2 %others

11 %sulphates

ACTIVITY LINKS



Ocean currents


CLOSEBACK

Waves

Cause

Tides

Cause Cause

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK

The windWaves

Cause

Tides

Cause

Ocean currents

Cause

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK

Gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun on the water

Waves

Cause

Tides

Cause

Ocean currents

Cause

ACTIVITY LINKS



• Winds• Differences in temperature• Differences in salinity


CLOSEBACK

Waves

Cause

Tides

Cause

Ocean currents

Cause

ACTIVITY LINKS


Where is fresh water found?

Lakes

Groundwater

Rivers Streams or torrents

Wetlands Glaciers


CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS



water storage in ice and snow

ENLARGEIMAGE

precipitation

evaporation

condensation in the form of clouds

surface runoff

evapotranspiration

infiltration


CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS



permeable rock

groundwater


CLOSEBACK


precipitation

evaporation


surface runoff

evapotranspiration

infiltration

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK


precipitation

evaporation


surface runoff

evapotranspiration

infiltration

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK


precipitation

evaporation


surface runoff

evapotranspiration

infiltration

Hailstone formation

ACTIVITY LINKS



Agriculture

Furrow irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation

Drip irrigation


CLOSEBACK

Industry Domestic use

What can I do to save water?

ACTIVITY LINKS




CLOSEBACK

Fix leaks and use water saving devices.

Wash full loads of clothes and dishes.

Take showers.

Turn off taps.

What can I do to save water?

GO BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Drinking water

1. Water supply

2. Prefiltration

3. Decantation and filtration

4. Chlorination and dechlorination

5. Pumping and distribution


CLOSEBACK

WHO guidelinesfor water quality

ACTIVITY LINKS


3. Decantation and filtration

Drinking water

1. Water supply

2. Prefiltration

4. Chlorination and dechlorination


CLOSEBACK

• no toxic substances• specific proportions

of gases and salts• clear, odourless,

tasteless

GO BACK

WHO GuidelinesWHO guidelinesfor water quality

5. Pumping and distribution

ACTIVITY LINKS


What causes water pollution?

What can you do?


CLOSEBACK

Waste water from industry, agriculture and domestic use

Water pollution Fertilizers and pesticides

Oil spills

Deposit rubbish in binsRecycle batteries

Do not throw paint, oil or solvents down the drain or toilet

ACTIVITY LINKS


What causes water pollution?

Water pollution

• Waste water from industry, agriculture and domestic use

• Fertilizers and pesticides

• Oil spills

What can you do?

• Deposit rubbish in bins.• Do not throw paint, oil or solvents down the drain or toilet.

• Recycle batteries.


CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Activity: Water cycle

HOME


CLOSEBACK

GO TO WEBSITE

Water cycle activity

ACTIVITY LINKS


Links

HOME


CLOSEBACK

GO TO WEBSITE

Investigating groundwater

GO TO WEBSITE

Hydrosphere basics

ACTIVITY LINKS

U09 Hydrosphere

Technology

Transcript of U09 Hydrosphere