Geology - 3 Types of RocksExisting rocks break down into grains. Over time these grains form solid...
Transcript of Geology - 3 Types of RocksExisting rocks break down into grains. Over time these grains form solid...
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ROCKS
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ROCK FORMATION
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Weathering Weathering
Melting Heat & Pressure
3 Types of Rocks: Based on how they Form
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Igneous Rocks = Fire Rocks
http://geography.ridley.on.ca/Physical/Rocks/Rocks.html
Liquid layer cools and forms igneous rocks
Cools slowly to form rock
Cools quickly to form rock
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Igneous RocksGranite: Cooled SlowlyUnderground
Basalt: Cooled Quickly Above Ground (Ocean)
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Weathering Weathering
3 Types of Rocks: Based on how they Form
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Sedimentary Rocks = Secondary Rocks
http://geography.ridley.on.ca/Physical/Rocks/Rocks.html
Existing rocks break down into grains.
Over time these grains form solid sedimentary rocks.
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Sandstone - Solidified Sand Shale - Solidified Clay
Sandstone - Solidified Cobbles Limestone - Solidified Shells
Sedimentary Rocks
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Heat & Pressure
3 Types of Rocks: Based on how they Form
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Metamorphic Rocks = Changed Rocks
Existing rocks are exposed to pressure and/or heat to form Metamorphic rocks
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Clay Shale + Heat/Pressure Slate
Shells Limestone + Heat/Pressure Marble
Granite + Heat/Pressure Gneiss
Metamorphic Rocks
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Weathering Weathering
Melting Heat & Pressure
3 Types of Rocks: Based on how they Form
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MINERALS
ELEMENTS
What is a Rock?
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Raisin Bannock
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What is a Rock
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MINERALS
ELEMENTS
What is a Mineral?
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What is an Element?
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What are Elements made of?
• Neutrons• Protons• Electrons
An Atom – the basic unit of matter
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An ION has a positive or negative charge
• Neutral (Elemental State)– Equal protons and electrons
• Positive (Cation)– More protons than electrons
• Negative (Anion)– More electrons than protons
Lose an electron (-)Gain an electron (-)
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Atoms & Ions• Opposites attract• This is how the “ingredients” stick together
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Rocks Contain a lot of Metal
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What is a Metal?
• Shiny • Are malleable and ductile• Form positively charged ions (ca+ions)• High melting points and boiling points• High densities• Good conductors of heat and electricity
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Heavy Metals• Metals with specific density greater than 6g/cm• Includes most of the toxic elements• Some metals are toxic and some are essential
LeadMercuryCadmiumAluminumNickel
SilverGoldArsenicSilverIron
SeleniumChromiumZincCopperManganese
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What Types of Rocks are in NWT?
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How the Earth has Changed
• The Earth’s crust is separated into pieces (like a puzzle)
• Old pieces of this puzzle are called CRATONS
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Yellowknife
North American Craton
The Canadian Shield
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Slave Province
Geologic Provinces
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Greenstone
Metamorphic
Sea Rocks
Sedimentary
Gneiss
Metamorphic
Granite
Igneous
Main NWT Rocks
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Precious Metals
Diamonds