General Information Functional Classification of Joints (1). Synarthrosis – Immovable joints (2)....
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Transcript of General Information Functional Classification of Joints (1). Synarthrosis – Immovable joints (2)....
General Information
Functional Classification of Joints
• (1). Synarthrosis– Immovable joints
• (2). Amphiarthrosis – Slightly moveble
• (3). Diarthrosis– Freely moveable
Structural Classification – Fibrous Joints
• (1). Sutures– Skull– Dense fibrous CT– Synostosis
• (2). Syndesmoses– distal tibiofibular – Interosseous
membrane
• (3). Gomphoses – “peg in socket”– Teeth and alveolar
processes
Structural Classification – Cartilaginous Joints
Examples
• (1). Synarthroses – Sutures – Teeth and alveolar processes – Epiphyseal plate
• (2). Amphiarthroses– Joint between tibia and fibula – Pubic symphysis
• (3). Diarthroses – Synovial joints (knee, hip, shoulder)
Structural Classification – Synovial Joints
• (1). Synovial Cavity– Between articulating bones
• (2). Hyaline Cartilage– Ends of bones
• (3). Capsule– Encloses synovial cavity – Fibrous (outer); synovial
membrane (inner)
• (4). Synovial Fluid– Contents – Functions
• (5). Accessory Ligaments – Extracapsular and
Intracapsular – Menisci
Synovial Joints • (1). Nerve and
Blood Supply
• (2). Bursae– CT with synovial
membrane– Synovial-like fluid
• (3). Tendon Sheaths– Tube-like bursae – wrap tendons
• (4). Bursitis
Joint Movements
• 1. Non-axial – Slipping only– Example: Intercarpal joint
• 2. Uniaxial– Movement in one plane – Example: Hinge (elbow)
• 3. Biaxial – Movement in two planes – Example: Saddle Joint (carpometacarpal joint)
• 4. Multiaxial – Movement in all planes – Example: Ball and Socket (shoulder, hip)
Synovial Joint Types • (1). Planar
– Gliding movements – Non-axial
– Examples • Intercarpal; intertarsal • Sternoclavicular
• (2). Hinge – Hinge – type movement – Uniaxial
– Examples • Knee, elbow, ankle
Synovial Joint Types • (3). Pivot
– Uniaxial – Example
• Atlas and axis joint
• (4). Condyloid– Biaxial – Example
• Wrist
Synovial Joints• (5). Saddle Joints
– Biaxial
– Examples • carpometacarpal
• (6). Ball and Socket– Multiaxial
– Examples • Shoulder, hip