General Description of Heart & Blood Vessels
Transcript of General Description of Heart & Blood Vessels
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Blood vessels & First aid in
Bleeding
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First Aid for Bleeding
If there's a lot of blood loss, a wound should always betreated seriously and as quickly as possible.First aid for a bleeding victim is crucial.
Causes: Various injuries, such as scrapes, cuts,puncture wounds, or amputations, can cause externalbleeding. If an object is impaled in the skin,
Emergency Treatment: Seek immediate medicalattention for severe bleeding, cuts that are more thanskin deep, cuts with ragged edges, cuts with deeplyembedded dirt, impaled objects, or amputations
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Dealing with Severe Bleeding Your main aim is to stem the flow of blood whilst keeping the
wound as clean as possible. If you have disposable glovesavailable, use them.
Check whether there is an object embedded in the wound.
If there is nothing embedded, press on the wound with yourhand, ideally over a clean pad and secure with a bandage. If the wound is on an arm or leg raise the injured limb above the
level of the heart.Use the cleanest material available, e.g. a tea towel, a clean
pillowcase, etc. and bandage this in place. Don't usetissues/ toilet paper, stuck to the wound and difficult toremove .
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ShockThe silent killer.
Shock is a life threatening secondary condition wherein thebodys vital physical and mental functions are seriouslyimpaired due to an inadequate supply of oxygenated bloodreaching the lungs, heart or brain. This is the bodysreaction to a serious injury, illness or other traumatic event.
Characteristics of Shock included;Anxiety, weakness, paleness, sweating and thrust.Pulse may become rapid and weak.Patient may become cold & clammy
Patient may complain of blurring of visionThe patient may feel giddy or faintShock can result in death, if not treated rapidlyThe more severe the injury or illness, the more likely shock
will set in.
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Shock Cont.. Managing Shock:
Handle the patient gently, and only if necessary If conscious place the victim on his/her back. If unconscious
place face down, with the head to one side. But only if noneck injury is suspected.
Except in the case of a head injury or suspected neckfracture, lower the head and shoulders and elevate the feetapproximately 15 inches.
Make sure there are no broken bones before straighteningthe patient out.
Loosen tight clothing but do not remove clothingDo not administer any thing by mouth
Protect the patient from becoming cold.
Continue to reassure the patient.
Transport the patient quickly to the hospital
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Check victim's breathing and watch
for shock while waiting for Ambulance
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Nose bleedingDo not tilt the victims
head backward.Pinch the nostrils shut
and press the tip ofthe nose against the
bones of face.Maintain pressure for
5-10 minutes.If possible, have the
victim spit out excesssaliva.
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Pressure points
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External Bleeding
Bring the sides of the
wound together and pressfirmly.
Apply clean cloth pad onthe wound and press it
firmly.If the bleeding is
continue. Add more padsthe wound
Raise the injured part.
On appropriate locationof bleeding point, pressfirmly for 10-15 minutes.
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Direct Pressure Wash wound with hot
soapy water
Afterwards disinfect thewound.
If there is severe bleeding,elevate the person's upper
body. Apply an aseptic bandage.
Go to a hospital or callemergency doctor
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Indirect Pressure
In cases of severe bleeding when direct pressure andelevation are not controlling the bleeding, Indirectpressure must be used. Bleeding from can becontrolled by applying pressure to the appropriatepressure point.
Pressure points: These areas of the body where theblood flow can be continuous pressing the artery
against an underlying bone. Pressure is applied withfingers, thumb, or heel of the hand.
Pressure points should be used with caution.Indirect Pressure can causes damage to the
extremity due to inadequate blood flow.
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Carotid pressure point- Do not
apply pressure continuously on
neck , it can cause cardiac arrest.
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Subclavian Pressure Point
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Brachial Pressure point
The brachial artery isused to control thebleeding of the lower
part of the upper armand elbow. It is locatedabove the elbow on theinside of the arm ingroove between themuscles. Pressure shouldbe applied to inside ofthe arm over the bonewith fingers or thumb.
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Femoral Pressure point Femoral artery used to
control severe bleeding ofthe thigh. It is located on thefront, center part of the
crease in the groin. Positionthe causality of his/her back,kneel on the opposite sidefrom the wounded leg, place
thumb of your hand directlyon the pressure point, andlean forward to applypressure.
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Deep cuts with bleeding Goal: Stop the bleeding. Do not touch the wound
(danger of infection). Do not treat wound with
powder, salves or sprays. Wound treatment: cover with
sterile material and a bandage
For slight bleeding a plaster isoften sufficient.
If wound is large-scale, use awound cover and a bandage. Donot apply bandage too tight, as astasis can lead to increased
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Internal organ injury Lungs
Heart
Liver
Kidney
spleen
Bladder
Stomach Large intestine
Small intestine
Pelvis
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Internal bleeding
Lay the patient down withthe head low. Raise hislegs using pillows.
Do not give anything toeat.
Do not apply hot waterbottles or ice bags onabdomen & chest.
Do not allow the patientto move.
Maintain body heat withblankets, rugs or coat.
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