The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System

Heart, blood vessels, bloodHeart, blood vessels, blood Function: transportation of OFunction: transportation of O22, ,

nutrients, cell wastes, and hormonesnutrients, cell wastes, and hormones

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

ArteriesArteries- take blood - take blood AwayAway from the from the heartheart

VeinsVeins- take blood - take blood ToTo the heart the heart CapillariesCapillaries- thin; for gas exchange- thin; for gas exchange

The HeartThe Heart

Size of your fist; ~1 Size of your fist; ~1 poundpound

Base, apexBase, apex Covering- Covering-

pericardiumpericardium Right/ Left sidesRight/ Left sides

4 Chambers of the Heart4 Chambers of the Heart

Atria- top 2; Atria- top 2; receive blood inreceive blood in

Ventricles- bottom Ventricles- bottom 2; pump blood out2; pump blood out

Septum- divides Septum- divides right and left parts right and left parts of heartof heart

Flow of Blood- “Double Flow of Blood- “Double Pump”Pump”

Pulmonary Pulmonary circulation-circulation- right right side; blood to lungsside; blood to lungs

Systemic Systemic Circulation-Circulation- left left side; blood to body side; blood to body cellscells

ValvesValves

4; for 1-way flow of blood4; for 1-way flow of blood

Heart Sounds Heart Sounds

LUB-DUP-PAUSE… LUB-DUP-PAUSE… LUB-DUP-PAUSE… LUB-DUP-PAUSE… – ““Lub”= closing of AV valves after blood leaves Lub”= closing of AV valves after blood leaves

the atria (louder & longer)the atria (louder & longer)– ““Dup”= closing of semilunar valves after Dup”= closing of semilunar valves after

ventricles contractventricles contract Heart SoundsHeart Sounds Murmur- valves leaky; “woosh” soundMurmur- valves leaky; “woosh” sound Heart MurmurHeart Murmur

Cardiac CirculationCardiac Circulation

Coronary arteries- nourish the Coronary arteries- nourish the myocardium; branch off the aortamyocardium; branch off the aorta

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)Attack)

Causes:Causes:– Fatty plaques build up in coronary arteriesFatty plaques build up in coronary arteries (atherosclerosis)(atherosclerosis)– Blood clot in coronary arteriesBlood clot in coronary arteries– Heart beats too fastHeart beats too fast

When blood flow is restricted from the When blood flow is restricted from the heart, angina can occur (chest pain).heart, angina can occur (chest pain).

When little or no blood reaches the When little or no blood reaches the heart, cells die and a heart attack heart, cells die and a heart attack occurs.occurs.

Watch a heart attack occur

Let’s Sing!!!!Let’s Sing!!!!

Pump Your Blood

Label/Color Heart DiagramLabel/Color Heart Diagram

R/L atriaR/L atria R/L ventriclesR/L ventricles Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve Bicuspid valveBicuspid valve Aortic semilunar Aortic semilunar

valvevalve Pulmonary Pulmonary

semilunar valvesemilunar valve AortaAorta Pulmonary veinsPulmonary veins

Pulmonary arteriesPulmonary arteries Pulmonary trunkPulmonary trunk Superior & inferior Superior & inferior

vena cavavena cava SeptumSeptum Apex of heartApex of heart Base of heartBase of heart

Online ActivitiesOnline Activities

30.1, 30.430.1, 30.4

HEART PHYSIOLOGYHEART PHYSIOLOGY

2 Control Systems of the Heart2 Control Systems of the Heart

Heart pumps 6000 quarts of blood Heart pumps 6000 quarts of blood per day (about 1,500 soda bottles!)per day (about 1,500 soda bottles!)

It needs a unifying control system:It needs a unifying control system:– Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System– Intrinsic Conduction System (ICS)Intrinsic Conduction System (ICS)

Built into heart tissueBuilt into heart tissue Causes atria to beat 1Causes atria to beat 1stst, then ventricles, then ventricles Normal heart beats ~ 75 bpmNormal heart beats ~ 75 bpm

Watch ICS

EKG- “electrocardiogram”EKG- “electrocardiogram”

Cardiac CycleCardiac Cycle

Cardiac CycleCardiac Cycle = 1 complete heart = 1 complete heart beatbeat

Healthy heart- both atria contract at Healthy heart- both atria contract at same time; when they relax same time; when they relax contraction of the ventricles begins.contraction of the ventricles begins.

SystoleSystole- contraction of the ventricles- contraction of the ventricles DiastoleDiastole- relaxation of the ventricles- relaxation of the ventricles

SystoleSystole DiastoleDiastole

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

BPBP= pressure blood exerts against = pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels.the inner walls of the blood vessels.

Measuring BP:Measuring BP:– Systolic PressureSystolic Pressure (top #)- pressure in (top #)- pressure in

arteries at the peak of ventricular arteries at the peak of ventricular contractioncontraction

– Diastolic PressureDiastolic Pressure (bottom #)- pressure (bottom #)- pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxingin arteries when ventricles are relaxing

– Normal = 120/80 mmHgNormal = 120/80 mmHg

BLOOD

CompositionComposition Centrifuge spins- Centrifuge spins-

separates blood separates blood into:into:– RBC (55%; living, RBC (55%; living,

solid)solid) ““hematocrit”hematocrit”

– Plasma (45%; Plasma (45%; nonliving, liquid)nonliving, liquid)

– Buffy Coat (WBC & Buffy Coat (WBC & platelets)platelets)

PLASMAPLASMA LiquidLiquid 90% water (rest proteins, antibodies)90% water (rest proteins, antibodies) F(x): transport, distribute body heatF(x): transport, distribute body heat

RED BLOOD CELLSRED BLOOD CELLS F(x): carry oxygen to cellsF(x): carry oxygen to cells

– Hemoglobin- iron-containing protein that Hemoglobin- iron-containing protein that transports oxygentransports oxygen

No nucleus; few organellesNo nucleus; few organelles Last 100-120 daysLast 100-120 days New ones made every 3-5New ones made every 3-5 days in bone marrowdays in bone marrow

WHITE BLOOD WHITE BLOOD CELLSCELLS

Less than 1% of bloodLess than 1% of blood Have nuclei and organellesHave nuclei and organelles Defend the body from infectionDefend the body from infection

PLATELETSPLATELETS F(x): clottingF(x): clotting

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

Provides OProvides O22 to cells; rids body of CO to cells; rids body of CO22

Know where to locate:

1. Mouth/ Nose

2. Pharynx

3. Larynx

4. Trachea

5. Bronchi

6. Lungs

a. Bronchioles

b. Alveoli

AlveoliAlveoli

BreathingBreathing

DiaphragmDiaphragm

(hiccups)(hiccups)

SmokingSmoking

In US, smoking In US, smoking contributes to contributes to 400,000 deaths per 400,000 deaths per year.year.

On average, On average, smokers die 7 years smokers die 7 years before non-smokers.before non-smokers.

CO, Ammonia, CO, Ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen cyanide, tar, nicotine tar, nicotine

Smoking effects on ciliaSmoking effects on cilia

Lung CancerLung Cancer

EmphysemaEmphysema

What’s Next…What’s Next…

Complete online activities 30.5 & Complete online activities 30.5 & 30.630.6

Start making your exam review Start making your exam review sheet.sheet.