Heart. Closed Circulation Blood never leaves vessels Blood never leaves vessels.
Blood Vessels and the Heart. Blood Vessels Three Types – Arteries: carry blood away from the heart...
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Transcript of Blood Vessels and the Heart. Blood Vessels Three Types – Arteries: carry blood away from the heart...
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Blood Vessels and the Heart
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Blood Vessels• Three Types– Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
• Thick walled, smaller vessels are called arterioles
– Veins: carry blood towards the heart• Thin walled, smaller vessels are called venules• Contains valves
– Capillaries: connect the arteries to the veins• Smallest of the blood vessels• RBC’s travel single file through capillaries• Branch like system to increase surface area for
diffusion• Site of gas exchange
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Arterial System
• Transports blood under pressure.• Blood moves in a pulse-like wave.• Contraction & relaxation of arterioles is the major determinant of the overall blood pressure.
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Venous System
• Thinner walls, larger diameters & less muscle than arteries.
• Contains 70% of total blood volume.• Most veins work against gravity.– Valves allow one-way flow.– Contraction of skeletal muscles pushes blood toward heart.
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Pathways of Blood• Pulmonary Circuit– Right side of heart.– Low-pressure system.– Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and back to the heart
• Systemic Circuit– Left side of heart.– High-pressure system.– Takes oxygenated blood to the body and returns
deoxygenated blood back to the heart
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Pulmonary Circuit• Right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from:– Superior vena cava.– Inferior vena cava.
• Blood flows through the tricuspid valve or the right atrioventricular (AV) valve to the right ventricle.
Blood from body
Blood from body
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Pulmonary Circuit• Blood flows through the pulmonary semi-lunar valve &
enters the pulmonary trunk, which divides into the left & right pulmonary arteries.– Divides into capillaries where external gas exchange (respiration system) occurs.
• Oxygenated blood enters the left & right pulmonary veins,
returning blood to the left atrium.
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Systemic Circuit
• Blood flows through the left AV-valve or bicuspid (mitral) valve to the left ventricle.– Left ventricular walls are two times thicker than in the
right ventricle.
• Blood travels through the aortic semi-lunar valve to the aorta.
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Systemic Circuit
• Aorta branches into smaller systemic arteries, which branch into arterioles & then capillaries.– Internal gas exchange occurs.
• Capillaries rejoin as venules & then veins.• Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium
via the superior & inferior vena cava.
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Coronary Circulation
• Delivers oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.• Consists of the left & right coronary artery.