G2 Presentation_Reflection Workshop_April 10-11_2013Gbdc 5 Presentation

7/28/2019 G2 Presentation_Reflection Workshop_April 10-11_2013Gbdc 5 Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/g2-presentationreflection-workshopapril-10-112013gbdc-5-presentation 1/158

G2 - Productive, profitable, resilient

agriculture & aquaculture systems

1



West Bengal, India South West Bangladesh

Patuakhali STU

Polder 43/2/F

Polder 30

Polder 3

North 24 Parganas

South 24 Parganas

Andy Nelson

“LOW SALINITY”

•Water “stagnation” 30-50 cm

several weeks in aman

•River water fresh 10-11 months

•Mild soil salinity in dry season

“MEDIUM SALINITY”



•River water saline mid-Feb-Jun

•Medium soil salinity in dry

season

“HIGH SALINITY”



•River water saline Dec-Jul

•High soil salinity in dry

season



Objectives (5+1)1. Rice variety evaluation

• aus (early rainy season) - low, medium

• aman (main rainy season) - low, medium & high salinity• boro (dry season) - low, medium

2. Rice-based cropping system intensification

• Rice-rice-rice – low; rice-rice medium

• Rice-rice-rabi – low; rice-rabi medium • Rice+fish - brackish water aquaculture - high

3. Homestead production systems analysis & options

• literature review & surveys - low, medium, high

• evaluation of options for increasing productivity, incomes

4. Year-round brackish water aquaculture systems - high

• Evaluation of improved management options

5. Technology & policy recommendations

6. Pilot community water management – CPWF Innovation Grant

• 6 ha “compartment” 3



CPWF

Innovation

Project

4Jahangir Alam

SocioConsult



5



6



Progress

1. Saha Improving year-round aquaculture

& rice-aquaculture systems2. Rafiq Improving rice –based agricultural

Sukanta cropping systems

Liz

3. Manoranjan Community water management pilot

4. Jitendra Homestead production systems

Kabir

5. Liz Plans to closure

Research questions

7



Output 2: Rice-aquaculturefor high salinity zone

Output 4: Year round

aquaculture for high salinity

zone



BANGLADESH

Year round aquaculture: Salinity

fluctuates from high in dry season to

medium in rainy season

Rice-aquaculture: Salinity fluctuates from

high in dry season to low in rainy season



Research Objective

Improved management for enhanced productivity, profitability &

resilience in rice-aquaculture & year round aquaculture systems

24 mini-ghers for rice-aquaculture 12 mini-ghers for year roundaquaculture

407-870 m2

866-1463 m2



11

BeforeConstruction

Drain/Intake canalAround every gher



Aquaculture Treatments

3 aquaculture treatments (4 reps ) :

1. Farmer’s mgt: Polyculture shrimp+ various fish spp

2. Improved mgt 1: Rotational Monoculture shrimp - tilapia - prawn

3. Improved mgt 2: Rotational Polyculture

shrimp+tilapia - tilapia+catfish – prawn+catfish

Tilapia +

Catfish

Prawn (fresh water) Shrimp (brackish water)



Rice-aquaculture system

Therefore 2 water depth treatments (50 cm, 70 cm)

Saline water needs to be drained in July to allow leaching of salt by

rainfall prior to rice transplantingHigher brackish water aquaculture production if saline water is kept

for longer

Need shallow water after transplanting rice (<20 cm)

This is shallow for aquaculture (importance of trenches)

Better rice productivity with shallower water

Better aquaculture productivity with deeper water

Some tradeoffs for rice & aquaculture system



Management

Practice Farmer’s Practice Improved 1 & 2

Liming 200 kg ha-1 200 kg ha-1

Water filtering Unfiltered Filtered

Water depth Lower Higher

Predatory Fish Not eradicated EradicatedFertilization No fertilizer Fertilizer & dolomite

Shrimp seed Not PCR tested PCR tested

Feed No feed Feeding

Water replenishment When needed When needed

Post stocking

fertilization

Very insufficient When primary

production is low

Fish seed Some wild All from hatcheries



Timeline (Output 2 & 4)

Shrimp

& fish

Stocking

Partial

harvestShrimp

disease in

some ponds

Rice

harvest

AprilMarch Aug. Dec.

Stocking

Fullharvest of

shrimp & fish

by complete

draining

Sept.

Partial

drainage &

rice planted

(output 2)

PartialHarvest &

stocking

May July Nov.



Findings OP 2 - Rice aquaculture



Water depth during dry (March-June) season

0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9

D e p t h o f f l a t a r e

a ( c m )

Days of culture

FP (50cm)

Mono (50 cm)

Poly (50 cm)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9

D e p t h o f f l a t a

r e a ( c m )

Days of culture

FP (70 cm)

Mono (70 cm)

Poly (70 cm)

50 cm

depth

70 cm

depth

W t d th d i t ( id J l id N )



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9

D e p t h o f f l a t a

r e a ( c m )

Days of culture

FP (50cm)

Mono (50 cm)

Poly (50 cm)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9

D e p t h o f f l a t a r e a ( c m )

Days of culture

FP (70 cm)

Mono (70 cm)

Poly (70 cm)

Water depth during wet (mid July- mid Nov) season

50 cm

depth

70 cm

depth

Rice

transplanting

Rice

transplanting

Target datefor ricetransplanting

Target



September – drainage congestion in whole region

after heavy rain due to inadequate water conveyance

system (drainage)

October – water shortage - plenty of freshwater inriver but inade uate conve ance s stem irri ation



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9

S a l i n i t y ( p p t )

Days of culture

FP (50cm)

Mono (50 cm)

Poly (50 cm)

FP (70 cm)

Mono (70 cm)

Poly (70 cm)

Salinity during dry (March-June) and wet season (mid July-mid Nov)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1 7

1

5

2

1

2

8

3

5

4

2

4

9

5

6

6

3

7

0

7

7

8

4

9

1

9

8

1 0

5

1 1

2

1 1

9

S a l i n i t y ( p p t

)

Days of culture

FP (50cm)

Mono (50 cm)

Poly (50 cm)

FP (70 cm)Mono (70 cm)

Poly (70 cm) Dry

Season

Wet

Season

Transplanting

Target for ricetransplanting



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Farmer's Monoculture Polyculture

Y i e l d ( k

g h a - 1 )

Fish (50 cm)

Fish (70 cm)

Shrimp (50 cm)

Shrimp (70 cm)

Annual production of shrimp and fish

Rotational



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

BR11 BR47 BR54 Jotai Kumri Morichsail

Y i e l d ( k g / h

a )

Varieties

Production of Aman Rice



No response of HYV aman varieties in ghers to

recommended fertilizer management

0

500

1000

1500

2000

No F Basal Recom No F Basal Recom No F Basal Recom

BR11 BR47 BR54

Y i e l d ( k g /

h a )

Characteristics of soil in rice aquaculture system



Characteristics of soil in rice-aquaculture system

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

EC (dS/m) P (µg/g)

Before stocking (Feb.)

Before rice plantation (Aug,)

After complete harvest (Dec.)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

OM (%) K (me/100 g) N (%)

Before stocking (Feb.)

Before rice plantation (Aug,)

After complete harvest (Dec.)



Cost andreturn

“50 cm” “70 cm “

Farmer's

practice

Rotational

Monoculture Polyculture Farmer's

practice

Rotational

Monoculture Polyculture

Total

variable

cost

230 354 394 183 385 374

Total

Return

216 559 658 210 724 733

Gross

margin

-14 205 264 27 340 359

Profitability of aquaculture (Tk x 1000 ha-1 )(includes farmer labour & land lease value)

(Rice production economics not included)



Cost and

return

“50 cm” “70 cm”

Farmer's

practice

Rotational

Monoculture Polyculture Farmer's

practice

Rotational

Monoculture

Polycult

ure

Variablecost

147 260 301 101 295 290

Total

Return 216 559 658 210 724 733

Gross

margin

69 299 357 109 434 443

Profitability of aquaculture (Tk x 1000 ha-1 )(excludes farmer labour & land lease value)

(Rice production economics not adde

Findings OP 4 Year round aquaculture



Findings OP 4 – Year round aquaculture



010203040506070

8090

100

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9

D e p t h ( c m )

Days of culture

FP Mono Poly

010203040506070

8090

100110

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9

D e p t h ( c

m )

Days of culture

FP Mono Poly

Depth during dry (March-June) and wet season (mid July-mid Nov.)

Dry

Season

WetSeason



Salinity during dry (March-June) and wet season (mid July-mid Nov.)

02468

10121416182022

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9


Days of culture

FP Mono Poly

02468

1012

1416182022

1 7 1 5

2 1

2 8

3 5

4 2

4 9

5 6

6 3

7 0

7 7

8 4

9 1

9 8

1 0 5

1 1 2

1 1 9


Days of culture

FP Mono Poly

Dry

Season

Wet

Season



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Farmer's practice Monoculture Polyculture

Y i e l d ( k g

h a - 1 )

Shrimp Fish

Annual production of shrimp and fish

Rotational Rotational



Cost and return Farmer'spractice

RotationalMonoculture

RotationalPolyculture

Total variable cost271 369 404

Total Return 243 533 610

Gross margin-28 164 206

Profitability (Tk x 1000 ha-1 )(includes farmer labour & land lease value)



Cost and return Farmer'spractice

RotationalMonoculture

RotationalPolyculture

Variable cost187 271 321

Total Return 243 533 610

Gross margin56 262 289

Profitability (Tk x 1000 ha-1 )(excludes farmer labour & land lease value)



Knowledge Sharing

Formed 1 farmer & 1 labor group at each site – 10 per group inviting them to key activities (e.g., pond

preparation, stocking, feeding management, monitoring,

harvesting.



Lessons Learned

• Water management is critical for increased productivityand profitability.

• 20-75% shrimp mortality despite improved management

• Polyculture system provided PROFIT despite mortality of shrimp (disease)

• Farmers have started adopting aspects of improvedtechnology



3 aquaculture treatments (4 reps ) in BOTH systems

1. Farmer’s mgt: Polyculture, shrimp+fish & farmer mgt

2. Improved mgt 1: Rotational Monoculture 3 cycles:

shrimp – shrimp - catfish+tilapia

3. Improved mgt 2: Rotational Polyculture,3 cycles:

shrimp+tilapia – shrimp+tilapia - tilapia+catfish

In OP-2 rice will be transplanted along with the above treatments

Plan for 2013



Improved varieties & cropping systemintensification in low , medium & high salinity areas of the coastal zone

CPWF G2 Outputs 1 & 2



Productivity Improvement in Polder 43/2F(Year-round FRESH water)

Fresh water available < 1 dS/m for year round

Traditional Aman Rice 2 - 3.5 t/ha

Grasspea, chilli, some vegetables in rabi, mostly fallow

Varietal trial in Polder43 Bazarkhali Borguna



Varietal trial in Polder43, Bazarkhali, Borguna



0

1

2

34

5

6

7

8

9

10

BRRIdhan28

BRRIdhan29

BRRIdhan47

BRRIdhan50

BRRIdhan53

BRRIdhan55

BRRIdhan45

Alloran BRRIHybriddhan2

BRRIHybriddhan3

Y i e l d

( t / h a )

Variety

P-30 P-43

0

1

2

3

4

56

BRRIdhan28

BRRIdhan47

BRRIdhan48

BRRIdhan53

BRRIdhan55

BINAdhan8

OM1490 Alloran Mala(Local)

Y i e l d

( t / h a )

Variety

15-Apr

T Aman, 2012

Boro, 2012

T AUS, 2012

43/2/F

43/2/F



A M J J A S O N D J F M A

CURRENTT. Aman

(Traditional: 2-3.5t/ha)

Fallow/

Aus (Mala):2.5

t/ha

Aus

(BR48:5.5 t/ha)

Aus

(BR48: 5t/ha)

Cropping Patterns: Aus-Aman-Boro or Aus-Aman-Rabi

T. Aman

(BR54/ BR52 : 6.5

t/ha)

T. Aman

(BR54: 6 t/ha)

Rabi

(Sunflower-4 t/haMaize:9 t/ha)

Boro

(BR28;7 t/ha)

Rabi

(Grasspea:0.5 t/ha)Rice: 4.5-6

t/ha

Rabi: 0.5 t/ha

Rice: 19

t/ha

Rice: 11 t/haRabi: 4-9

t/ha

Hypothesis Low salinity area

Achievement



Achievement

Aus-Aman-Rabi 10.5 + 4 t/ha (hypothesis 11 t/ha for rice)

BR48: 5 t/ha BR54/ BR52: 5.5 t/ha Sunflower: 4 t/ha

BR48: 5 t/ha BR54/ BR52: 5.5 t/ha BR28/: 6.5 t/ha

Aus-Aman-Boro 17 t/ha (hypothesis 19 t/ha)



Productivity Improvement in Polder 30

(Medium salt affected area)

Water salinity, EC 0.5 - 14 dS/m

Traditional Aman Rice cultivated, water stagnation

Average Yield 2- 3.5 t/ha

Sesame, mungbean and some vegetables in rabi

season others mostly fallow

Scarcity of fresh irrigation water rabi season

P d ti it I t i P ld 30




CURRENTT. Aman

(Traditional: 2-3.5t/ha)

T. Aman

(BR54/ BR49:5.5 t/ha)

T. Aman

(BR49/BR54: 5.5 t/ha)Boro

(BR28/ BR47: 4-6.5 t/ha)

Rabi

(Sesame:0.5 t/ha)Rice:

3.5t/ha

Rabi: 0.5 t

Rice: 5.5

t/ha

Rabi: 4t/ha

Rice: 9-12

t/ha

Rabi

(Sunflower: 4 t/ha)

Productivity Improvement in Polder 30(Medium Saline Areas – dry season fresh water scarcity)

Hypothesis




(High salinity, Shrimp- Rice system)

Water salinity, EC 2 – 18 dS/m

Aman Rice - BR23

Water stagnation and flash flood submergence

Average Yield 2 - 3 t/ha





(High salinity areas)

T. Aman

(BR52/ BR47/

BR54 + Fish/

2-5 t/ha)


CURRENT T . Aman(BR23: 0- 3 t/ha)

Shrimp(300 kg/ha)

Rice: 0-3 t/ha

Shr: 300 kg/ha

Rice: 4-5t/ha

Shr+Fish: 450

kg/ha+2-2.5

t/ha

FallowShrimp

(450 kg/ha)

Hypothesis



Varietal trials in polder 3

Good leaching prior to rice

establishment

Water too deep after

transplanting



Varietal trial at Kismotfultola, Batiaghata (Polder 30), Khulna, Boro 2012

Progress Rabi crop 2012-13



Chilli Sesame Maize

Water melon Sunflower Mungbean

Cropping system trial at Bazarkhali (Polder 43/F/2), Amtoli, Barguna, Boro 2012/ 2013

Progess Boro Rice 2012-13



g

Transplanted 1st December

Cropping system trial at Kismatfultola (Polder 30), Batiaghata, Khulna, Boro 2012/ 2013



BRRI dhan54



Rice variety evaluation for W. Bengal

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI)

RRS Canning Town

Participating Scientists:

D. Burman, S. Mandal, S. K. Sarangi & B. Maji



Challenges

• Rainy season – Stagnant flooding (0.3-0.5 m for 1+ month)

• Dry season – Soil salinty

– Lack of fresh water (some ground water pumping, but is itsustainable? – salinisation of aquifer)

• Variety evaluation – Rainy season (aman)

– Dry season (boro)

• Cropping system – Objective – reduce irrigation requirement for boro

– Timely aman establishment-early boro establishment & shorterduration

Study locations:



Non-availability of adequate number of varieties for different salinity

Delayed in seed bed preparation and planting

Often planting with old seedlings

Labour scarcity during planting

Increasing expenditure on crop management especially water

Shortage of irrigation water during ripening phase

Exposing to hot weather during heading stage

Crop lodging due to high wind during post-flowering period

High cost involvement

Present scenario of boro rice cultivation

Soil: Heavy texture

Land type: Mostly ( 84%) low lying & flat

topography

Salinity: 5-15 dSm-1

Canning

Sandeshkhali

Gosaba

Study locations:

Basanti

Polder 3, B

A V i t l E l ti



Aman Varietal Evaluation

Improved varieties for Aman season in Coastal West Bengal, India



Variety/Line

Sandeshkhali II* Gosaba** Basanti***

Yield

(t/ha)

Farmers’

choice

Yield

(t/ha)

Farmers’

choice

Yield

(t/ha)

Farmers’

choice

Sabita (local) 2.68 3.15 2.60

Amal-Mana 3.80

(42%)2nd

4.55

(44%) 1st

4.40

(69%)2nd

CSRC (D) 12-8-12 3.52(31%)

4.15(32%)

4.80(85%) 1st

Swarna sub 1 4.15

(55%) 1st 4.38

(39%)2nd

4.20

(61%)

Geetanjali - 3.96 3.82

CSRC (D) 7-0-4 3.70 3.70 3.70

CSRC (D) 2-17-5 3.05 3.60 3.60

CSRC (D) 13-16-9 3.50 3.50 3.50

NC 678 - 3.45 3.50

SR 26 B - 3.42 3.60

p g ,



Rice varietal tr ial dur ing 2013 Boro season

1 BRRI dhan 47

2 BRRI dhan 55

3 BINA dhan 8

4 Parijat

5 Bidhan-2

6 N. Sankar

7 S. Sankar

8 WGL-20471

9 IET-4786

10 Annada

O t ti i t f



On-station experiment for

seed increase & evaluation of early sowing

• BRRI dhan 47

• BRRI dhan 53

• BRRI dhan 55

• BINA dhan 8

• CSR 34, CSR 22

• IR 10206-29-2-1-1

• CSRC (S) 50-2-1-1-4-B

• Dates of sowing:08.11.12 & 28.11.12



Earliest flowering



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 WAT 3 WAT 6 WAT 8 WAT 12 WAT

S a l i n i t y d S m - 1

Irrigation water salinity from tubewell

240 - <300 ft

300 - 350 t

> 350 - 380 ft

Weeks After Transplanting

Bad example of new tubewell installation



Sample pH ECPump

water 6.77 6.70

Field water 6.97 7.70

Soil 7.03 6.26

Village: Kheria

Block: Basanti

Dist. : South 24 Parganas

Ch i d li i



Class EC (dS m-1) Quality characteristics

C1 <1.5 Normal waters

C2 1.5 – 3 Low saline waters

C3 3 – 5 Medium saline waters

C4 5 – 10 Saline waters

C5 >10 High saline waters

0

2

4

6

8

04.01.12 02.02.12 16.03.12 20.04.12

S a l i n i t y d S m - 1

Change in groundwater salinity

during dry season



0

1

2

3

45

6

7

89

07.01.12 02.02.12 16.03.12 20.04.12

S o i l s a l i n i t y E

C e ( d S m - 1 )

Changes in soil salinity during dry season

Sandeshkhali

Gosaba

Groundwater irrigation at Daudpur



Groundwater irrigation at Daudpur

Daudpur (North 24 Parganas)

monitoring of tube wells used



monitoring of tube wells used

for irrigation

THANK YOU ALL



Team building in W. Bengal

THANK YOU ALL

Team building in W. Bengal



g g

Cropping system intensification



71

pp g y

- design & evaluation (detailed)

Nibir SahaJayanta Bhattacharya

Aus-aman-rabi



4 Aus transplanting dates (main plots)10 April Vietnamese variety OM1490 (moderately salt tolerant,

25 April short duration 100 d seed to seed)10 May

25 May

Aman (BR44) transplanted ~10 d after aus harvest

Rabi transplanted ~10 d after aman harvest

2 rabi varieties (sub-plots)Maize

Sunflower

2 mulching treatments for rabi crops

No mulchStraw mulch

16 treatment combinations



Planting schedule of Aus – Aman – Rabi cropping pattern

A M J J A S O N D J F M A M

4 sowing dates x 2 crops x 2 mulch in rabi season = 16 treatments x 4 replications = 64 plots; T= Transplanted; d=day;PS= Photoperiod sensitive

Figure 1. Planting schedule of Aus – Aman – Rabi cropping pattern

T. Aus (OM 1490)100d

10 Apr

30 June

10 July

15 Nov

T. Aman

BR 44 PS (145 d), tidalsubmergence tolerance

Drained Rabi: Maize, Sunflower; Mulch 30 Nov

30 Mar

Drained Rabi: Maize, Sunflower , not mulched 30 Nov

30 Mar

T. Aus (OM 1490)

(100d)

25 Apr

15 July

25 July

T. Aman

BR 44 PS (145 d)

15 Apr

10 May

T. Aus (OM 1490)

(100d)

30 Jul

T. Aman

BR 44 PS (145 d)

10 Aug

30 Apr

30 Nov

15 Dec

15 Dec

T. Aus (OM 1490)

(100d)25 May

15 Aug

25 Aug

T. Aman

BR 44 PS (145 d)

30 Dec

15 Jan

15 MayRabi

Maize

Sunflower

Rabi

Maize

Sunflower

15 Apr

Mulched

Not mulched

15 Dec

30 Dec

Rabi

Maize

Sunflower

Mulched

Not mulched

RabiMaize

Sunflower

Mulch

Not mulched

15 Jan

30 Dec

RabiMaize

Sunflower 30 Apr

15 May



Aman - 1st Transplanting, 23 July 2012



2nd Transplanted Plot

3rd Transplanted Plot

1st Transplanted Plot



Aus-aman-boro



12 treatment combinations

Aus - 3 establishment tmts (OM1490, 100 d)

E1.Transplanted 1 May

E2.Transplanted 15 May

E3. Dry seeded 1 May

Aman – 2 varieties (planted 10 d after aus harvest)

V1. BRRI dhan49 (135 d)V2. BRRI dhan52 (145 d)

Boro – 2 transplanting dates (BRRI dhan28, 145 d)

D1. 10 d after aman harvest

D2. 25 d after aman harvest



1st transplanting 3rd August

Water level = 4-9 cm, outside= 28cm

D1R1 plot

D1R2 plot



Field condition at 6th August


D1R1 plot



Field is still under water at 14th August





Raising up bunds



Bad crop condition due to inundation at 16th August

D1R4 plot



2nd transplanting at 16th August



D3 Transplanting at 25th August




D2R4 plot

D1R1 plot

D3R4 plot



Field condition at 3th September

Water level = 10 cm, outside= 27cm

D1R1plot D3R1plot

D2R2plot



Total field again inundated at 6th September




D1R1 plot

D3R1

D2R1

Huge pressure by outside water



Growth duration of BRRI dhan49



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

01 Aug 11 Aug 21 Aug 31 Aug 10 Sep 20 Sep 30 Sep 10 Oct 20 Oct 30 Oct 09 Nov 19 Nov 29 Nov

W a t e r d e

p t h ( c m )

Date after transplanting

Rainfall

Water depth

D1 BRRI dhan49

D2 BRRI dhan49

Max Temp

Min Temp





D1R4

D2

R4

D3R3



Field condition at 6th October



Flowering stage, T. Aman 2012



Maturity stage, T. Aman 2012

7.00

Yield of different varieties

Ability to drain high yield



0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

BRRI dhan49 BRRI dhan52 BRRI dhan33 BRRI dhan53

t / h a

Yield of different varieties

Date 1

Date 2Date 3

Ability to drain high yield



Implementing community level water

management in coastal Bangladesh:

Achievements & Lessons learned

Manoranjan Mondal, Alamgir Chowdhury,Elizabeth Humphreys, T P Tuong

SCL

Background



g

Ability to implement improved

cropping systems is constrainedby poor water management

INSIDE polders

– Too much water (too deep)

in the rainy season not

favorable for HYV rice

cultivation due to

• Lack of separation of higher

& lower lands

• Limited drainage ability/mgt

Excess soil moisture due to late irrigation of local rice late

planting & low rabi crop productivity & inability to diversify to

higher yield/value crops.



Community water management pilot to

demonstrate concept/benefits of

improved water & crop management



Polder 30 = 5000 ha

Sluice gate = 12



Study Site: Kismat Fultola, Polder 30, Khulna (6 ha)



River

Sluice

gate

Drainage

outlet

Road

Rural

road

Sluice

canal

Drainage

canalOutside

sampling area

Outside

sampling area

Outside

sampling area

Farm dykes & drains to facilitate drainage



Farm dykes & drains to facilitate drainage

for improved agriculture

What We Wanted to Achieve?



07 July

30 Nov 15 Apr-15 May

HYV Rabi

15 Dec-15 Jan

HYV Aman

M J J A S O N D J F M A M

River water

EC 1-4 dSm-1

Residual

soil water

Terminal Drainage

Achievements



• All 36 farmers and water management group (WMG)

agreed to collaborate.

• Farmers and WMG officials helped identification of pilot

watershed and drainage networks.

• Farmers dug the drains/made the levee (paid)

• Farmers and WMG took initiatives to drain out waterwithin 3-4 days after submergence, while it took 10+ days

for other parts of polder 30.

• Watershed farmers participated in all the trainingprograms.

• Two farmers participated in rabi crop cultivation by

dibbling, 1.5 months earlier than other watershed

farmers.

Development of collaborative arrangements to



implement improved sluice gate management

• A series of informal meetingswith the

– Farmers (watershed and

neighboring)

– Local water managementgroup (WMG) officials

– Local UP officials

• Organized 3 formal meetings

signed an agreement with thepilot watershed farmers on the

roles and responsibilities of the

farmers and IRRI.

Construction of drainage outlet and drainage canals

Th b d



• The crop was submerged

twice

• 8-14 August 2012: 264 mmrainfall, drained out within 4

days.

• 3-5 September 2012: 246

mm rainfall, drained outwithin 3 days.

• Constructed internal

drains/bunds to separate

high and low land & outlet.• With this drainage network,

watershed farmers were able

to drain out excess water.

Flooding rice field 2-3 weeks after transplanting



Rainfall and Paddy Water Depth in



Aman Season 2012

0

20

40

60

80

100120

140

160

180

200

220240

R a i n f a l l & W a t e

r d e p t h ( m m )

Rainfall (mm)

Paddy water depth (mm)

Rapid drainageTransplanting

Draining out water during low tide



Seed distribution and aman rice cultivation in 2012



• Provided HYV seeds & training

on HYV rice cultivation to the

farmers.

• The majority (75% of 37

farmers) transplanted rice in the

third week of August, a week

earlier than traditional practice .

Lesson-1: Seedbed Preparation



Lesson 1: Seedbed Preparation

vs

Sesame Harvest• Seedbed preparation scheduled: 1st week of July

• Actual preparation: 2nd and 3rd week of July

• Reason – Lack of water in the canal.

– Although river water was non-saline, farmers could

not take in water due to standing sesame crop in the

field.

– Sluice gate was closed until the farmers harvested

sesame.

Lesson-2: HYV Rice Cultivation



Lesson 2: HYV Rice Cultivation

• Only about 50% farmer

cultivated HYV

• HYV on 45% of the pilot

area

• Reasons – ~50% leasing land: tenant

has to bear all expenses,

crop share is only 1/3rd.

– Need cash to buy inputs:fertilizer, pesticide

– Higher cost of transplanting

HYV due to closer spacing.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

HYV Local

F a r m e r c u l t i v a t e d r i c e ( % )

Lesson-3: Fertilizer & Weed Management



• Reluctant to use fertilizer

– ~50% leasing land: tenant has to bear all expenses,

crop share is only 1/3rd

– Need cash to buy fertilizer

– Huge weed infestation, late weeding

Lesson-4: Lack of HYV response torecommended fertilizer



recommended fertilizer – Good yield with little

fertilizer (farmer practice) – Topdress urea when 3-5 cm

water in the field, may have

moved in water to

surrounding fields – Huge weed infestation, urea

taken up by weeds.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Recommended

Fertilizer

Farmer

Fertilizer

Y i e l d ( k g / h a )

Lesson-5: Late drainage – soil to wet forcultivation for 2.5 months



0

20

40

60

80

100120

140

160

180

200

220

240

R a i n f a l l & W a t e

r d e p t h ( m m

)Target drainage time – but irrigation!because local variety late maturing

Transplanting

Surface water gone but

weather cold, foggy, soil

too wet for tillage

cultivation for 2.5 months



Lesson-6: Tillage



• Land was not ready for plowing until mid-February

2013. – Small tractor owners increased price (x2) of land

preparation when they knew we wanted to prepare the

land early quickly.

– Farmers had to wait for big tractor to come from Jessorefor land preparation.

Lesson-7: Rabi crop establishment



• Early establishment of rabi crops possible by dibbling

– 2 farmers established sunflower by dibbling on 1 Jan 2013.

– BUT Dibbling cultivation requires more labour to spade the

land, increasing production cost. (if not cultivated, how to

apply fertiliser? soil cracks leading to root breakage,

irrigation water loss down cracks)

Lesson-8: Maintenance of bunds and drains



People walk on the bunds & damageSilted up during wet/aman season

Construction and maintenance

Cost involvement

Lesson 9: Financial Issues



• Many organizations are providing financial

support to farmers since 2008 (forrehabilitation of cyclone SIDR victims).

• Watershed farmers expected cash support

to buy inputs- that we did not provide.

• That’s why only 50% farmers cultivated HYV

rice.

• Need to provide financial and technical

support for demonstration of improvedagricultural technologies.

Future potentials of



• Productivity and income could be increased by

integrate small indigenous fish with aman rice

in the watershed area.

• That will

– Increase aquatic agricultural diversity.

– Improve home consumption of fish, lead to

better nutrition.

Future potentials of

community water management



THANK YOU

SCL

Output 3: Improved homestead production systems



Study area

Kakdwip

Canning

SAMPLING DESIGN



3 villages from each

Panchayat

South 24 Pargana

480 Households

Sagar

2 gram panchayat from

each block

NamkhanaKakdwip

Random Sampling

3 villages from each

Panchayat

North 24 Pargana

240 Households

Sandeshkhali

II

2 gram panchayat from each

block

Sandeshkhali

I

Random Sampling

Distribution of land among HH



Land holding (ha) Category % of households<0.2 Landless 43.5

0.2-0.4 Marginal 1 23.1

0.4-1.0 Marginal 2 24.2

1.0-2.0 Small 7.9>2.0 Others 1.3

The average Homestead Land in 24 Paraganas South is 26.6 decimal ( 0.16ha)

Land distribution is similar to Bangladesh but 90% falls below <1ha.

Financial status of the HH in South 24 Paraganas

Income source Amount (Rs.)/yr/hh



Farm activities 27 k

Non-farm activities 42 k

Homestead land distribution



•Pond shares maximum land• Land for livestock & poultry minimum

05

1015202530

354045

P e r c e n t a g e o f

l a n d

22% of HH have betel vine

Income from homestead production system



•Better income from betel vine attracts HH

•Betel vine in homestead system competes with other components

0K

10K

20K

30K

40K

50K

60K

70K

R s / H o u s e h o l d / a n n u m

Chain of Betel vine



Betel vine farm Arranging of betel leavesCollection of betel leaves

Packing for marketing

Purchased by a wholesaler

A unit of betel leaves

Purchasing by tradersPackaging by the wholesaler

Marketing through auction

Production in homestead land



Components of homestead farm Production/year/HH

Aquaculture 68 kg (1400kg/ha/yr)

Horticultural crop 100 kg

Poultry egg 257 (no.)

Poultry meat 84 kgLivestock milk 147 litre

Livestock meat 53 kg

•Aquaculture production is much below the national

average (2700kg/ha/yr).

•Scope for technological intervention

Contribution of Homestead Production to HouseholdFood security

Consumption of homestead products



Homestead products Average % of domestic consumption/annum

Fish 92

The rest is sold

Vegetable 71

Fruit 85

Poultry egg 85

Poultry meat 42

Livestock products 70

Satisfactory meal=

Balanced meal (Rice, dal,

fish/egg/meat/veg)

23% HH do not get

satisfactory meals.77%

20%

3%

Can take three

satisfactory meal in

a day

Cannot take three

satisfactory meal in

a day

Sometimes take

three satisfactory

meal in a day

Major constraints of homestead productionin 24 Paraganas



Poor Economic status

Poor quality of water and seed

High cost of input

Disease – especially vegetables

Soil Salinity

Climate changes

Shortage of irrigation water

Lack of scientific knowledge and

technical support

Disease infection

Soil salinization

Poor water quality

Key findings from the survey

More than 90% of households belong to marginal category of



land holding ( <1 ha of land).

94% households have ponds, average size 0.04 ha.

20 varieties of Fish/prawn species are being cultured; Indian

major carp (Rohu and Catla ) dominant species. New species

like Paccu and Spotted scat are also becoming common.

Main vegetable crops brinjal, arum, chilli, bitter gourd,

pumpkin, ladies finger, potato and onion.

Non-availability of quality fodder is biggest impediment indevelopment of animal husbandry.

Contd….

Key findings from the survey



23% of household are unable to have 3 satisfactory meals/day.

22% households have betel vine yard and it strongly improves

the economic status of HH.

Gender inequity in participation in some activities, especially

betel

Key research questions?

Development of suitable technology packages to augment



Development of suitable technology packages to augment

production , income & nutrition in homestead production

system.

Methodology for increasing participation of women in

homestead production system for sustainability and child health

care.

How to develop a simplified interactive training module for the

clients in homestead production system?



Thank You all

Sustain homestead farming to ensure

heal thy and safe l iv ing for women & chi ldren

Insights from the Bangladesh homestead production

systems survey and research progress (Output 3)



Survey Areas

(2012)



Southern part of Polder 3 Polder 30 Polder 43/2/F

P3H P3L

232 306 381 361

1280 HH surveyed

Some components of homestead production systems



800

Land holdings by polders



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Polder 30 Polder 3-H Polder 3 L Polder 43 ALL Polder

N u m b

e r o f h o u s e h o l d s

Functionally landless < 0.2 ha

Small 0.2-0.6 ha

Marginal 0.6 - 1.0 ha

Medium 1.0-3.0 ha

Large >3 ha

More than 50% households are functionally landless

>80% have < 1 ha

* Categories based on Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2010)

100

Percentage of People Living Below National Poverty Line (

Income <1.25 $US/person/day)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

National Status

(2009)

Surveyed

Household

Functionally

landless

Small Marginal

Homestead land used for various productive uses



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Dwelling

house

Fruit

garden/trees

Livestock

shade

Pond Poultry Tree covered

area

vegetable

garden

Yard

% A r e a ( D e c )

Average off farm income (TK)

Household farm income contributes more than from field forfunctionally landless people



0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Functionally Landless Small Marginal

T a k a / h h / y e a r

g ( )

Average farm income from Homesteads (TK)

Average farm income from Field (TK)

Homestead Product Consumption (< 1ha)

Correlation between HH food production and Its consumption



0.87

0.54 0.52 0.56 0.56

Fish Fruit Poultry meat Poultry egg Vegetable

H H f o o d c o n s u m p t i o n

HH food production

Correlation coefficient (r) at P<0.05

Research questions from survey



• How to improve pond productivity from the challenged(multiple use, shading, joint ownership etc.) ponds

• How to improve income and nutritional benefits of ponds?

• How to empower women by involving them in participatory

action research process through increased benefit for them?• How can multiple use benefits be optimized?

• For poor households without ponds, what other productivity

components can be improved?

Research plan for 2013Purpose:



Purpose:

Establish a women led participatory action research for improving income and

nutrition benefits to homesteads from challenged/shaded homestead pondsKey questions for 2013 research

How can homesteads increase benefits from shaded ponds without

interfering with multiple usage?

Comparative Aquaculture Production



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

F i s h P r o d u c t i o

n K g / h a

House hold

National average production Improved average production

Household production Linear (Household production)

Locations & new partners – under umbrella of G2

Polder 3: G2 AAS



Polder 3: G2, AAS

Polder 30: G2, AAS

Polder 43: G2, FtF-Aq

Polder 5: SmartFarm

Polder 39: SmartFarm

P3

P30

P43

Pxx

Pxx

Research Process



[

Technology options:

• Small indigenous fish



• Small indigenous fish

• Higher value air breathing fish

• Stress tolerant catfish•Carp, tilapia

•Developing suitable feeding

a. Light trap at night for attracting insects

b. Increasing benthic population

c. Insects/ants as feed by their commercial propagation•Integrating with floating vegetable production or small ruminants

•Different species combination for brackish water

•Cages for nursing of fry to fingerling of GIFT

Activity J F M A M J J A S O N D

Research team building

Timeline



Monitoring team formation

Village selection

Group formation

FGD/community

consultation for research

plan and capacity needed

to do the jobs

Process documentationand draft research design

Developing monitoring

tools

Baseline survey of the

selected homesteads

Homestead womenmanaged research for

improved production and

diversification



Thanks to all

Plans to closure

1 Seek opportunities/develop proposals for funding to build on/expand



157

1. Seek opportunities/develop proposals for funding to build on/expand

research effort

2a. If no No Cost Extension (NCE)

• continue field research to end of 2013 (one more dry & wet season) & local

dissemination/training (very small scale)

• students continue to mid-2014 (via CSISA) – need 2 full cycles

• MANY outputs to prepare (working papers, leaflets & booklets (guidelines), video,

journal papers, policy briefs)• continuation of pilot watershed uncertain – ONLY if can have an area with all

farmers planting HYV & timely establishment/good management; we would have to

provide all inputs (budget?)

• continue to participate in dialogues with policy makers/donors organised by

GBDC

2b. If NCE (& sufficient funds left – likely, will vary with partners)

• continue field experiments in 2014 (time of cessation will vary for different

activities depending on need & fund availability – some activities started late, some

things went wrong so data limited)

Research questions for the future (23+)

Common across aquatic-agriculture systems:



Common across aquatic-agriculture systems:

1. How can we implement improved community management to demonstrate

the benefits of improved production systems? (about water & much more)2. What are the land tenure arrangements within the polders and what is their

effect on adoption of improved technologies?

3. How can AAS scale out: knowledge sharing and enhance uptake of CPWF

outcomes?

4. Is implementation of improved drainage/water management systems in polders

economic?5. How to improve access to quality inputs input & markets

Many others specific to:

• aquaculture in saline areas

• rice-shrimp

• rice varietal improvement• homestead production systems

G2 Presentation_Reflection Workshop_April 10-11_2013Gbdc 5 Presentation

Documents

Transcript of G2 Presentation_Reflection Workshop_April 10-11_2013Gbdc 5 Presentation