Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Economic assessment of PQ solutions Helge SELJESETH – Norway...

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011

Economic assessment of PQ solutions

Helge SELJESETH – Norway – RT 2b – Economic assessment of PQ solutions


Customer(s)complaint(s)

Evaluation/ verification of complaint(s) (measurements)

NO

NONo actionrequired

In compliance with nat.reg.(or int. std.)

May PQmitigation/solutions be economic? YES

Selecting thebest eco./tech.compromise

YES

Statistical PQmeasurement


Examples of PQ solutions Network reinforcements Thicker lines/cables Larger transformer Increased system voltage etc

Voltage booster STATCOM Synchronized switches Petersen coils/Arc suppression coils Local production (may be both at problem and a solution) Grounding Surge arrestors Protection circuits and adjusting/tuning protection circuits Passive filters/Active filters Maintenance level Uninterruptible power supplies – UPS Soft starters and frequency converters Emergency generators ETC…


Considerations selecting PQ solution:

Technical reasons

Economic reasons

(Environmental / Esthetic reasons)


Relative consequences of voltage disturbances for different customer categories in Norway (1993 – 2010)

REPORT for: Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER)

Study on Estimation of Costs due to Electricity Interruptions and Voltage Disturbances


Results from customer surveys give a better foundation for optimisation of power quality

Planning of power systems (expansions...) Basis for concession applications, justifications of investmens etc

Operation and maintenance Cost-benefit of PQ improving measures, priorities for load shedding,

contingency planning, preventive maintenance etc Policies, standards and criteria for PQ

Guaranteed PQ levels, contracts, softened N-1 criterion etc. Monitoring PQ

Actual levels vs standards, expectations etc PQ regulation (taking explicitly account of PQ costs)

Incentive based regulation, penalty schemes etc.


Economic assessment of PQ solutions


Total costs VS customer costs (net costs)

Total socio-economic

costsPrivate

customer costs(net costs)

Net coststo rest of society Monetary

- Direct- Indirect

Monetary- Direct- Indirect

Non-monetary- Direct- Indirect

Non-monetary- Direct- Indirect

Total socio-economic costs of quality problems in electricity supply


Real life experiences

Some times quite easy decision Easy to see what is the economic solution

Some times very difficult to make a decision purely on economic evaluation Difficult to specify the costs for low PQ (flicker, RVC)


10

Location 1 Location 2

Year (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3)

1990 91 40 5 94 35 4

1991 145 39 8 100 60 1

1992 106 84 4 101 27 5

1993 49 0 1 61 22 3

1994 75 0 5 61 15 2

1995 110 0 4 59 20 3

1996 203 0 7 100 245 1

1997 113 0 8 124 0 1

1998 156 1 0 110 0 0

1999 114 0 5 33 1 2

1 Temporary earth faults – self extinguishing faults.2 Temporary earth faults causing short interruption – auto reclosure. 3 Sustained earth faults.4 Peterson coil in operation in location 1 from medio August 1992.5 Peterson coil in operation in location 2 from ultimo August 1996.

Petersen coil(Arc suppression coil)


Increase the voltage at the far end of distribution lines

An alternative to distribution network reinforcements

http://www.magtech.no/

Voltagebooster


GAS treatment and export plant

2-side supply (ring) Interruptions do not often occur The plant trips several times per year due to network related events

- mainly voltage dips. The events causing trip are mainly supplied through only one of the

supplying lines -> single sided supply would have reduced the number of plant trip to less than half

The reason for the events are to a significant extent the network configuration

The most economic solution would be to supply the plant from one side only if only the available power was high enough


2 cases of flicker from harmonic voltages

What is the cost of flicker? How bad must the conditions be before

mitigation must be performed? In both these cases the limit value value

for Plt of EN50160 and both Pst and Plt of the Norwegian PO regulations were not exceeded.


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Economic assessment of PQ solutions Helge SELJESETH – Norway...

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