European Renaissance and Reformation (Chapter 1).
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Transcript of European Renaissance and Reformation (Chapter 1).
European Renaissance and Reformation
(Chapter 1)
Italy Before It Was United
Where did the Renaissance begin (its birthplace)?
• Renaissance - rebirth of intellectual & artistic creativity (Italy, 1300’s)
• Revived the techniques, styles, & subject matter of classical Greece and Rome
• Classics led to humanism & secular ideas that went against the Church
• Medici family, who controlled banking system, were generous patrons to the artists
Printing Press (Johann Gutenberg)
Where did the Renaissance spread next?
• Renaissance ideas spread to Northern Europe, northern artists created distinctive works of art (realism)
• Shakespeare was most famous writer of Elizabethan Age
• Renaissance men (da Vinci & Michelangelo)use perspective to create three dimensions
• Thousands of books & pamphlets spread political, social, & artistic ideas (printing press- Johann Gutenberg)
How did the Protestant movement and Reformation begin?
• Martin Luther challenged Catholic Church’s authority / called for religious reforms
• Many left Catholic Church / started Protestant churches (Christian, but non-Catholic)
• King Henry VIII broke away from the Church & started Anglican Church (England)
• Catherine (devout Catholic) put England back under Pope / Elizabeth returned England to Protestantism
What effects did the Reformation have on the Catholic Church?
• Protestant groups separated into many denominations:
• Lutherans, Presbyterians, Quakers, Baptists, etc. • Catholic Church passed a series of reforms to
keep loyal followers (Council of Trent)• Catholic Church became more unified / monarchs
& nations gained more power• An intellectual movement set the stage for
Enlightenment