CHAPTER 17 :1

Chapter 17: 1300-1600European Renaissance and

Reformation

Vocabulary I

Renaissance: Rebirth in art and learning

Humanism: Focused on human potential and achievement (God doesn’t help)

Secular: Separation of church

Patron: Supporter of artists

Vernacular: Native Language

Utopia: Thomas More’s ideal place

Johann Gutenberg: Invented the printing press

Vocabulary II

Indulgence: Religious pardon for sin

Reformation: Movement for reform of the Catholic Church

Lutheran: Martin Luther’s religious group

Protestant: All Christians who were non-Catholic

Annul: Remove a marriage

Anglican: Church of England

Vocabulary III

Theocracy: Government based on religious laws

Counter/Catholic Reformation: Catholic Church’s attempt to “reform” itself (Win back followers)

Council of Trent: Meeting to determine reforms in the Catholic Church

17:1

Italy: The Birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy: The Birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy’s Advantages Trade Center

Italy had more trade contacts Allowed for better exchanges of ideas

Merchants and the Medici Merchants aided the Renaissance by supporting the

arts Banker/Banking Family Florence

Classical Heritage Copied the works of ancient Romans and Greeks =

Classics

Classical and Worldly Values

Classical Texts lead to Humanism Focused on human potential and achievement, not

Christianity What are we capable of?

Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures Believed a person could enjoy life and still please God People became more concerned with life on earth

rather than going to heaven

Renaissance Revolutionizes Art

New Techniques Sculpture and painting

became lighter and had three dimensions

Michelangelo: Most famous sculptor was created David, painted the Sistine Chapel, and designed St. Peter’s Basilica

Leonardo Da Vinci: Renaissance Man Studied all aspects of

society, from flight to anatomy

Famous paintings were Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Michelangelo

Leonardo Da Vinci

Da Vinci Tech

Renaissance Writers Change Literature

Petrarch and Dante Began to write in

vernacular, or common language

Machiavelli Advises Rulers Wrote The Prince

which advised rulers how to keep power

Was not concerned about what was best for people, but what was politically effective!

Keep/Stay in Power

Printing Press The Legacy of the Renaissance

Chinese invented block-printing moveable type Chinese language had too

many letters European languages have

less characters13th century block-

printed arrived in Europe1440 Johann Gutenberg

(Germany) 1st Book: Bible

Changes in Art Classical Styles:

Rome/Greece Secular Works Literature in Vernacular

StyleChanges in Society

Printing: More information Desire to learn Published maps Questioned

political/religious structure

Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas

Main Idea Questions

1. What are some of the characteristics of the “Renaissance Man” or “Renaissance Women”?

2. How did Italy’s cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance?

3. Explain the quote: “The ends justify the Means”?

CHAPTER 17 :3

Luther Leads the Reformation

Luther Starts the Reformation

Causes of the Reformation Problems in the Catholic Church

Popes had a lot of money, and highly involved in politics Monks and priests were poorly educated, and broke

clerical vows

Early Calls for Reform Some people believed that Popes should not wield

political power Others said that the Bible had more authority than

Church leaders

Luther Challenges the Church Martin Luther

Became upset at the selling of indulgences, which was money to pay for sins

95 Thesis He wrote 95 statements

attacking the practices of the Church

Wittenberg, Germany His ideas based on three main

beliefs:1. People could only get to heaven

by faith alone, not good works2. All Church teaching should be

based on the Bible alone, not the Pope and Church traditions

3. All people in faith were equal, priests were not needed

The Response to Luther

Opposition to Luther Was excommunicated by the Pope Edict of Worms (Declared M.L. an Outlaw) By 1522, Luther and his followers had become a

separate church: Lutherans

Germany at War Charles V and Catholic Princes fought a war against

northern Lutheran Princes After 20 years of fighting, Lutherans could not be forced

back into the Church Peace of Augsburg was signed: religion in a German

state was decided by the ruler

Divisions in Christianity

England Becomes Protestant

Henry VIII Wants a Son Wanted to divorce Queen

Catherine to marry a younger queen

Asked the Pope to annul, or cancel the marriage but the Pope refused (Power Struggle)

The Reformation Parliament In 1529, Parliament ended

the power of the Pope in England – Act of Supremacy

In 1534, the king was declared the head of the Church of England (Anglican Church)

Henry VIII

Consequences of Henry’s Changes Married several wives

throughout his rule 3 Children: Mary,

Elizabeth, Edward Elizabeth Restores

Protestantism Established a religion

acceptable to both Protestants and Catholics

Became one of England’s greatest rulers

The Main Idea Questions

1. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?

2. From where did the term Protestantism originate?

3. How did Henry VIII challenge the Catholic Church? Why did he do it?

CHAPTER 17 :4

The Reform Continues

The Reformation Continues

Calvin Begins Another Protestant Church John Calvin and his Teachings

(Calvinism) Believed in predestination – God

already knows who he has chosen to save

Thought a theocracy was the ideal government Theocracy – control by religious

leadersCalvinism Spreads

Became official religion in Scotland, known as Presbyterians

Many Protestant religions trace their roots to Calvinism

The Catholic Reformation

Ignatius of Loyola Founded the Jesuit

order, dedicated to keep people loyal to Catholicism

Society dedicated to three main goals1. Founded religious

schools2. Convert non-Christians

to Catholicism3. Stop the spread of

Protestantism

Reforming Popes

Reforming Popes Pope Paul III called church leaders together for the

Council of Trent Decided on standard doctrine of the Catholic Church

(The Council of Trent)1. Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final2. Need Faith and good works for salvation

The Legacy of the Reformation Catholic Church lost power, monarchs and

nation-states gained power!!!! Led to religious wars between Catholics and

Protestants

The Council of Trent

Lasted From From 1545-1563

4 Main Ideas1. The Church’s

interpretation of the Bible was final

2. The Bible and Church traditions have equal power

3. Indulgences were illegal4. Christians need faith

and good works for salvation

Main Idea Questions

1. Why was the Counter Reformation important for Catholics? Why was it necessary?

2. What are some of the accomplishments of the Reforming Popes?