England

WARS OF THE ROSES LEAD TO TUDORS TAKING THRONE OF ENGLAND

RICHARD III & HENRY VII2 PRINCES OF THE TOWER

BOSWORTH FIELD HOUSES OF YORK AND

LANCASTER

Tudor Family

Henry VIII ENGLISH REFORMATION Divorce and the break with the church 6 WIVES**SEE OTHER PP** THOMAS CRAMNER, THOMAS CROMWELL

EDWARD VI Mary I-CATHOLIC Elizabeth I-PROTESTANT

Tudor FamilyHenry dies in 1547. Edward VI becomes King at the age of

9. ENGLAND RULED BY A REGENT: EDWARD

DUKE OF SOMMERSET EXTREMELY PROTESTANT(ANGLICAN) ENGLISH PRAYER BOOK OF 1449-1552

BIBLE IN THE VENACULAR HE IS SICKLY AND WILL NOT LAST LONG

Mary I

Edward dies in 1553.Mary becomes Queen. Mary’s Catholic and the English are Protestant???

Mary I Mary married Philip II of Spain. She restores Catholicism to England

Aided by Archbishop of Canterbury Pole Many protestants flee England

Marian Exiles Executes 300 protestants by burning them at

the stake, many thousands of others are hung.

John Foxe: Book of Martyrs: Thomas Cramner. Multiple false pregnancies, dies childless and

throne passed to Elizabeth I her half sister, protestant

Elizabeth IElizabeth I

Supremacy Bill of 1559: Supreme Governor

Restores Protestant faithElizabethan Settlement Prayer book of 155939 articles (Calvinism) Mary, Queen of Scots

Elizabeth IAllowed for ambiguity of worship

Elizabeth’s reign was a great cultural period for England

Elizabeth IPromoted the arts, playwrights, and theater.

William Shakespeare.

Elizabeth I Defeated Spanish Armada

1588Supported Privateers, such as

Francis Drake, known piratesDefeat of the Armada did not

defeat Spain as a power Rise of Puritans, purify the Church of

England Views Beliefs Salvation signs

PROBLEMS FOR THE TUDORS

Parliament (Legislative Assembly) Constant struggle for power

Religion: People that did not like the Church of England (Anglican) Puritans: “Purify” church of England

from Catholic influences Separatists: “separate” from the Church

of England altogether. Multiple sects: Armenians

Catholics: many still remained loyal to the faith

Stuart Family Elizabeth dies childless and

James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England.

James is the first Stuart Family ruler. Believed deeply in divine right of kings George Villiers (Lord of Buckingham) Bible Plantation Policy in Ireland Economics

James INot well liked by the

people or the Nobles because he is Scottish.

New translation of the Bible (King James Bible)

Spent entire reign arguing with Parliament.

Charles ISon of James IOpposite of James

Never made to be kingBelieved in absolutesArchbishop LaudParliament-Tonnage & PoundageWar with Scotland

Charles INeeds money from

parliament Refused money so he forced people to loan him

money after Parliament refused a tax increase

After 11yrs. Charles finally called Parliament together. Long parliament

Can they get rid of Charles I?Here is their big chance…..

Charles makes a BIG decision…..He decides that everyone should have the same prayer book.England is AnglicanScotland is Presbyterian

The Scots are furious, and revolt….this sets a series of events in motion…..

Parliament

Moved to limit the power of the King.

At first Charles went along but then tried to arrest the leaders of the movement against him.

English Revolution

This causes war to break out.

Cavaliers (loyalist) supported the king.

WarRoundheads led by Oliver Cromwell were backed by the Puritans.

Cromwell Wins

Cromwell wins and takes control.New Model Army

Charles I is tried for

treason and beheaded.

BEHEADING OF CHARLES I AT WHITEHALL

Cromwell Cromwell is given the title of Lord

Protector.Barebones ParliamentHead of StateInstrument of Government 1653-

1658Offered to be King

Suppressed all opposition.

CromwellEveryone was forced to follow Puritan ways.

No theater, dance, etc…)

Cromwell dies.

Cromwell DiesAfter Cromwell dies, his son is unable to rule effective.

English nobles invite Charles II to return to be King.

Restoration Period

This period is known as the RESTORATION because the king was restored to the throne.

Charles II Charles II was known as the

“Merry Monarch” because he loved to party.

17 illegitimate children Unsuccessful due to parliament Very attached to Catholic views Allowed for rise of sciences, Boyle,

Newton, etc.. Dies and brother takes over

James IICharles II younger brother (Catholic).

England was a protestant nation.

James IIEngland agreed to allow him to be king if his heirs were raised protestant.

He had 2 daughters Anne & Mary.

James IIEverything was fine until James II’s new wife had a son.

He was the heir and would be catholic.

James IIEnglish people very upset.James has to flee the

country, but is caught trying to escape

They ask James’s daughter and husband to take the throne. (William and Mary).

Glorious Revolution Known as the Glorious

Revolution because a protestant was again ruling England.

William & Mary placed on the throne by the Parliament

Overall this period was one of unresolved changes