England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

82
England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs

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Transcript of England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Page 1: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

England

War of the RosesRise of the Tudors

Henry VIII and his Heirs

War of the Roses1455-1485

House of Lancastervs

House of York

THE TAMING OF ENGLAND

bull England is an island ndash natural defensesbull England could have been the first nation to

consolidatebull But noble ambition and a weak king

interferedbull War of the Roses fixed thisbull Henry VII and VIII ended dynastic instabilitybull Created new nobility that owed their titles

and loyalty to the Tudors

No end of fightingbull Shortly after peace with France two families began war over English

thronebull Lancasters (red rose) vs Yorks (white rose)

Yorkist victoriesbull Yorkists successful earlybull Significant victories over Lancastriansbull Trouble began after Edwardrsquos death

Wars of the Roses

bull Richard IIIbull Uprisings killed in battle of Bosworth Field 1485bull Henry VII claimed throne neither York nor Lancaster new era began

Results of the War of the Roses

bull Broke feudal power of the noblesbull End of the Middle Agesbull Power shift Many nobles slain during the

wars their estates confiscated by the Crownbull Lawlessnessbull Desire for strong gov brings peace and

prosperitybull Henry VII

ndash Reestablished royal powerndash Created the beginning of modern England

Financial Issuesbull English monarchs lived off the revenues from their estates They were often broke

bull Parliament defended the gentry crown had to ask permission to tax

bull Henry VIII confiscated Church lands crown began to profit

bull Thomas Cromwell reorganized parliament so that it worked with the king

Parliament

Henry VIIThe First Tudor King

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 2: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

War of the Roses1455-1485

House of Lancastervs

House of York

THE TAMING OF ENGLAND

bull England is an island ndash natural defensesbull England could have been the first nation to

consolidatebull But noble ambition and a weak king

interferedbull War of the Roses fixed thisbull Henry VII and VIII ended dynastic instabilitybull Created new nobility that owed their titles

and loyalty to the Tudors

No end of fightingbull Shortly after peace with France two families began war over English

thronebull Lancasters (red rose) vs Yorks (white rose)

Yorkist victoriesbull Yorkists successful earlybull Significant victories over Lancastriansbull Trouble began after Edwardrsquos death

Wars of the Roses

bull Richard IIIbull Uprisings killed in battle of Bosworth Field 1485bull Henry VII claimed throne neither York nor Lancaster new era began

Results of the War of the Roses

bull Broke feudal power of the noblesbull End of the Middle Agesbull Power shift Many nobles slain during the

wars their estates confiscated by the Crownbull Lawlessnessbull Desire for strong gov brings peace and

prosperitybull Henry VII

ndash Reestablished royal powerndash Created the beginning of modern England

Financial Issuesbull English monarchs lived off the revenues from their estates They were often broke

bull Parliament defended the gentry crown had to ask permission to tax

bull Henry VIII confiscated Church lands crown began to profit

bull Thomas Cromwell reorganized parliament so that it worked with the king

Parliament

Henry VIIThe First Tudor King

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 3: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

THE TAMING OF ENGLAND

bull England is an island ndash natural defensesbull England could have been the first nation to

consolidatebull But noble ambition and a weak king

interferedbull War of the Roses fixed thisbull Henry VII and VIII ended dynastic instabilitybull Created new nobility that owed their titles

and loyalty to the Tudors

No end of fightingbull Shortly after peace with France two families began war over English

thronebull Lancasters (red rose) vs Yorks (white rose)

Yorkist victoriesbull Yorkists successful earlybull Significant victories over Lancastriansbull Trouble began after Edwardrsquos death

Wars of the Roses

bull Richard IIIbull Uprisings killed in battle of Bosworth Field 1485bull Henry VII claimed throne neither York nor Lancaster new era began

Results of the War of the Roses

bull Broke feudal power of the noblesbull End of the Middle Agesbull Power shift Many nobles slain during the

wars their estates confiscated by the Crownbull Lawlessnessbull Desire for strong gov brings peace and

prosperitybull Henry VII

ndash Reestablished royal powerndash Created the beginning of modern England

Financial Issuesbull English monarchs lived off the revenues from their estates They were often broke

bull Parliament defended the gentry crown had to ask permission to tax

bull Henry VIII confiscated Church lands crown began to profit

bull Thomas Cromwell reorganized parliament so that it worked with the king

Parliament

Henry VIIThe First Tudor King

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 4: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

No end of fightingbull Shortly after peace with France two families began war over English

thronebull Lancasters (red rose) vs Yorks (white rose)

Yorkist victoriesbull Yorkists successful earlybull Significant victories over Lancastriansbull Trouble began after Edwardrsquos death

Wars of the Roses

bull Richard IIIbull Uprisings killed in battle of Bosworth Field 1485bull Henry VII claimed throne neither York nor Lancaster new era began

Results of the War of the Roses

bull Broke feudal power of the noblesbull End of the Middle Agesbull Power shift Many nobles slain during the

wars their estates confiscated by the Crownbull Lawlessnessbull Desire for strong gov brings peace and

prosperitybull Henry VII

ndash Reestablished royal powerndash Created the beginning of modern England

Financial Issuesbull English monarchs lived off the revenues from their estates They were often broke

bull Parliament defended the gentry crown had to ask permission to tax

bull Henry VIII confiscated Church lands crown began to profit

bull Thomas Cromwell reorganized parliament so that it worked with the king

Parliament

Henry VIIThe First Tudor King

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 5: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Results of the War of the Roses

bull Broke feudal power of the noblesbull End of the Middle Agesbull Power shift Many nobles slain during the

wars their estates confiscated by the Crownbull Lawlessnessbull Desire for strong gov brings peace and

prosperitybull Henry VII

ndash Reestablished royal powerndash Created the beginning of modern England

Financial Issuesbull English monarchs lived off the revenues from their estates They were often broke

bull Parliament defended the gentry crown had to ask permission to tax

bull Henry VIII confiscated Church lands crown began to profit

bull Thomas Cromwell reorganized parliament so that it worked with the king

Parliament

Henry VIIThe First Tudor King

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 6: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Financial Issuesbull English monarchs lived off the revenues from their estates They were often broke

bull Parliament defended the gentry crown had to ask permission to tax

bull Henry VIII confiscated Church lands crown began to profit

bull Thomas Cromwell reorganized parliament so that it worked with the king

Parliament

Henry VIIThe First Tudor King

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 7: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry VIIThe First Tudor King

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 8: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The Road to the Throne

bull 1457 Henry Tudor born

bull Many had a better claim and the current king had a son

bull By 1471 Henry Tudor is the only logical choice to promote

bull Edward IV died 12 year old son became Edward V

bull But his uncle seized the crown and made himself King Richard III

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 9: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Conspiracy TheoryThe Princes in the Tower

bull Sons of Edward IVbull Uncle imprisoned thembull Declared illegitimate in 1483bull Richard is prime suspectbull Henry Tudor also suspect he

married their sister to cement his claim Her claim would only be valid if her brothers were both dead

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 10: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1484bull Henry is in Francebull Richard bribed the Duke of Brittany to

capture Henry for himbull Henry escaped at the last minute dressed

as a servant

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 11: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry TudorThe Road to the Throne

bull 1485

bull The King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France so he gave Henry an army to invade England

bull Early in August Henry landed in Wales

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 12: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Battle of Bosworth

bull Final Lancaster defeat of Yorkistsndash Richard III killed

bull Henry Tudor emerged as leader

bull Truce marries the Yorkist princess to legitimize his claim as king

bull All who opposed him at Bosworth are traitorsndash Executions confiscation of

property

Richard III

Henry Tudor

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 13: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king

bull Sought prosperity for England

bull In love with his wife and had 5 childrenndash Arthurndash Henryndash Margaretndash Mary ndash Another daughterndash Child that died in

childbirth with Elizabeth

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 14: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The favored son Henry VIII

bull Loving family involved parents Unusual

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R05Z2Z89aUw

bull Second son ndash will maybe be a pope

bull Everything changed in 1502

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 15: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Arthurbull Arthur

ndash Married at 15bull Political marriage to

Catherine of Aragonndash Intelligent well

educatedndash Good parentsndash VERY wealthy ndash VERY connected

raquoUncle was pope

raquoNephew will be HRE

Died in 1502

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=oo73DvLMNFs

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 16: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

What to do with Catherine

bull Dowry = fortunebull Henry VII wants

thatndash Needs money to

protect against the French

bull Considers marrying her himself

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 17: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry VIIrsquos Solutionbull His other son will

marry Catherinebull Marriage takes 7 years

to negotiatendash Pope displeasedndash Henry VII wants a

better alliance for his son

ndash When young Henry becomes king marries Catherine

ndash 17 and 22

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 18: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry VIII

bull Everything going well Can he be content

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xTKIk04xNVsampfeature=related

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 19: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry VIII

bull Humanistbull Catholic but saw

need for reformbull Sympathetic to

Protestants

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 20: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

One BIG problem

bull 6 pregnanciesbull No surviving sonbull One daughter but

how could SHE be queen

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 21: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Other Problems

bull Marriage is a love match

bull She is intellectual equal loved by most

bull She never complained at all the affairs he had (There were many)

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 22: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The end of the Tudor Dynasty

bull But No sonbull Civil war could break

outbull What a failure Would

the Tudors have only 2 kings

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 23: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Good News for Henry

bull 1525 Henry reads ldquoThe Princerdquo

bull Must do whatever necessary to save his kingdom

bull But what to do ndash She has good

connectionsndash No suspicion of foul

play

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 24: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Advice

bull Henryrsquos longtime advisors and friends said ndash ldquoAccept Godrsquos willrdquondash Cardinal Wolsey ndash

Catholic Churchndash Thomas More --

Humanist

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 25: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

More Advice

bull Thomas Cranmerbull Turn Protestant

divorce Catherinebull Outlaw Catholics

confiscate wealth that the churches monasteries and convents have in England

bull Reward Henry makes him an archbishop in new church

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 26: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The Homewrecker

bull Anne Boleynbull Minor nobilitybull Family desperate

to raise statusbull Sister had already

been Henryrsquos mistress

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 27: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry Acts Quicklybull Became Protestantbull Divorced Catherine

ndash Biblical reasonndash Thatrsquos why he canrsquot

have a son

bull Confiscated Churchrsquos wealth

bull Married Anne Boleynndash Already pregnant

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 28: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry VIII and the New Church

bull 1534 Act of Supremacy = ldquoonly supreme head of the Church of Englandrdquo is the kingndash Sold confiscated church

land to the nobles in exchange for their loyalty

bull 1534 Act of Succession = Legitimizes children of Henry and Anne

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 29: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Destroying Enemies

bull Beheaded imprisoned and intimidated those who opposed him

bull Sir Thomas Morendash Beheaded

bull Archbishop WolseybullGave his home

wealth to HenrybullStill arrested

died before execution

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 30: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

What about Catherine

bull ldquoDivorcedrdquo house arrest

bull Daughter Mary declared illegitimate for refusing to become Protestantndash She couldnrsquot be a

princessndash Meaning She

canrsquot ever be queen

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 31: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

What about Annebull Daughter (Elizabeth)bull 2 miscarriages of

sonsbull Fiery nature wore

thinbull Henry looked

elsewherebull Scandalbull Convicted of

treason beheaded

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 32: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The Obedient One

bull Married within a week of Annersquos death

bull Jane Seymourndash Obedient quietndash Protestantndash October 1537 -- a

sonndash Died in childbirth

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 33: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Prince Edward

bull Sickly

bull Henry worried he was being punished for his actions

bull Attempts relationship with Mary and Elizabethndash Mary must renounce

her mother and her church

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 34: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Would Henry Become Catholic Again

bull Cranmer looks for Wife 4

bull Protestant German Princess from a family known for producing a lot of children

bull Anne of Clevesbull False advertising

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 35: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Anne of Cleves(She displeased him)

bull Married January 9 1540

bull Divorced July 9 1540ndash Stayed ldquofriendrdquo

of King Henryndash Outlived Henry

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 36: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henryrsquos Dilemmabull Considered returning

to catholicismndash Edward ndash still sicklyndash Mary ndash now was

favored (shersquos Catholic)

ndash Elizabeth - out of favor

ndash Perhaps he should marry again

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 37: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Wife 5 Katherine Howard

(She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)

bull 29 years younger bull Barely educatedbull Catholicbull Cousin to Anne

Boleyn

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 38: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Katharine Howard

bull Married 1540bull Accused of

adulterybull Beheaded 1542bull She was only 19

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hudKsE0iMts

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 39: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Executioner carrying a bag of axes

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 40: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him

bull Henry favoring Catholicsndash Alarmed many

Protestantsbull Married to

Protestant widow in 1543 until his death in 1548

bull Helped improve relationship to Elizabeth

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 41: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=-fadCAHjN-sampfeature=related

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 42: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henryrsquos Mess

bull Country tired of religious see-sawing

bull Next king Edwardndash Protestant

bull Next in Line Maryndash Catholic

bull After her Elizabethndash Protestant

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 43: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Henry on his Deathbed

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 44: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

King Edward VII

bull Never a strong kingndash 10 ruled for 6

yearsndash Controlled by

advisorsbull Strongly Protestant

ndash Penalties for being Catholic

ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HwihJ47EO24ampfeature=related

bull Died childless in 1553

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 45: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Lady Jane GrayldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo

bull 1st cousin to Edward

bull Protestant Humanist education

bull Family pushed her into rule

bull Political marriage

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 46: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Wyattrsquos Rebellion

bull Jane and husband imprisoned Treason

bull Mary becomes Queenbull Protestants feared Maryrsquos

marriage to the Spanish kingbull Want to replace Mary with

Elizabeth Or even Janebull Mary has no choice but to execute

Jane

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 47: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

(ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)

bull Bitterbull Goal return

England to Catholicism

bull Outlawed Protestants ndash 300 executions

bull Married cousinbull Involved England in

Spanish causes bull No children

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 48: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Mary Ibull Revenge on Thomas

Cranmerbull Blamed him for

Henry leaving Catholicism and divorcing her mother

bull Tortured burned as heretic

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 49: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The Feelings of the People

bull Conflicted bull Catholics = Pope has supremacybull Anglicans ndash Protestants

ndash believe in King over Popebull Act of Supremacy says king is the true head

of the Church but Mary is Catholicndash Married to Spanish King

bull Protestantism is official religion but many privately practicing Catholicism

bull Fighting the Catholics draining the people and treasury

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 50: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Maryrsquos Problem

bull Mary was childlessbull httpwwwyoutubecomw

atchv=C7yc1eTHJb8

bull Only heir was Elizabethndash Bitter personal

feelingsndash Elizabeth becomes

queen (1558-1603)

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 51: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Elizabeth age 13

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 52: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Coronation age 20

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 53: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Age 30Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 54: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 55: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The Church of England

bull Elizabethan Religious Settlement ndash Act of Supremacy (1559) Monarch

becomes ldquoSupreme Governorrdquo of CofEndash Act of Uniformity (1559)

bull Book of Common Prayerbull Forced attendance at Church

ndash Pope called her a ldquoservant of crimerdquo and a heretic

bull ldquoI see I say nothingrdquo Politically savvy

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 56: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Golden Age Or Not

bull Drama literature art architecturebull Constant fear of uprisingbull Limited power of noblesbull Treason = deathbull httpwwwyoutubecomwatch

v=Q1eyWpUpkwIampfeature=related

bull Feared marriagebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Q3IiUGTgi2c

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 57: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Mary Queen of Scotsbull Chief Rival of

Elizabethbull Catholic heroinebull Exiled from

Scotland ldquoguestrdquo of Elizabeth for 18 years

bull Died a martyr

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 58: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Mary and her son James

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 59: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 60: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The End of the Tudors

bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=PCmogoGpnxg

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 61: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

The Stuarts(1603)

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 62: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

THE MAIN PLAYERS

bull The three main players in the dynastic wars of the 16th century were Charles V (HRE Spain) Francis I (France) and Henry VIII (England)

bull As the three monarchs matured their youthful wars of conquest turned into strategic warfare designed to maintain a continental balance of power

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 63: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

THE ITALIAN WARSbull The struggle for European

supremacy in the 16th century pitted the French House of Valois vs the empire of the Habsburgs

bull The battle ground was Italybull In the late 15th century

France seized Naples only to have the Spanish reclaim it soon after

bull Thus when Francis I came to the French throne and Charles V to the Spanish Naples was just one source of friction

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 64: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

BATTLEFIELD MILAN

bull In 1515 Francis I stunned Europe with a victory over the Swiss mercenaries at the battle of Marignano (Milan)

bull Milan soon appealed to Charles V to help against the France

bull Charles V then allied with Henry VIII against the French

bull Francis I himself was captured at the Battle of Pavia as Charles V won a decisive victory

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 65: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURNbull Despite being captured and

forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid granting the HRE many concessions Francisrsquos fortunes soon changed

bull He returned to France renounced the treaty formed new alliances with a dissatisfied Henry VIII and most importantly with the powerful Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

An alliance with Suleiman made Francis I a formidable foe

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 66: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

FIGHTING OVER

bull In the end the French could not dislodge the Habsburgs from Italy nor could the Habsburgs dislodge the Ottomans from Hungary

bull Finally the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 ended 60 years of European conflict

bull Both France and Spain were bankrupt for decades of fighting

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ending the Italian Wars was agreed

there on April 2-3 1559

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 67: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

bull European economy ca 1300

bull 1048710Inflationbull 1048710Rents worth less (fixed money amounts)bull 1048710Food other goods worth more (prices rise)bull 1048710Wages decline (more workers)bull 1048710Overpopulationbull 1048710Farming intensificationbull 1048710No remaining land to be settledbull 1048710Tension between rich and peasantsbull 1048710Economic recession in towns

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 68: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

bull Wars in the 14thcentury

bull 1048710Border warsbull 1048710English vs Scots Welshbull 1048710French vs Flandersbull 1048710Peasant and urban revoltsbull 1048710Jacquerie 1358bull 1048710English PeasantsrsquoRevolt 1381bull 1048710The Hundred Years Warbull 1048710England vs Francebull 1048710Also a border warbull 1048710Proxy battles in Scotland Flanders

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 69: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

bull The Hundred Years War

bull 1048710Origins English claims to Angevin ldquoempirerdquobull 1048710Role of mercenariesbull 1048710English archersbull 1048710Unruly French nobilitybull 1048710Rise of Burgundybull 1048710Shifted support to English or French at will bull 1048710Joan of Arc

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 70: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

Phases of the 100 Years War

1048710English triumphs10487101337-13601048710Edward III of England vs Philip the Fair of France1048710France slowly regains control1048710Charles V of France1048710England expelled from French territory10487101415-14531048710Henry V of England vs Joan of Arc Charles VII as dauphin

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 71: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

bull Consequences of the 100 Years War

bull 1048710Civil war in England

bull 1048710War of the Roses 1460s-1485

bull 1048710Consolidation of French state

bull 1048710Burgundy annexed 1470s

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
Page 72: England War of the Roses Rise of the Tudors Henry VIII and his Heirs.

bull Economic and cultural consequences

bull 1048710Economic recession bull 1048710Heavy taxationbull 1048710Physical destruction by armies mobsbull 1048710Added to impact of famine plaguebull 1048710Peasant revoltsbull 1048710Flanders 1320sbull 1048710Jacquerie France 1358bull 1048710Peasant Revolt England 1381bull 1048710End of ideal of knighthoodbull 1048710Power of common footsoldiersbull 1048710Brutality and incompetence of aristocratic ldquoknightlyrdquoelites

  • England
  • War of the Roses 1455-1485
  • THE TAMING OF ENGLAND
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 5
  • Results of the War of the Roses
  • Financial Issues
  • Henry VII The First Tudor King
  • The Road to the Throne
  • Conspiracy Theory The Princes in the Tower
  • Henry Tudor The Road to the Throne
  • Slide 12
  • Battle of Bosworth
  • SURPRISE Henry VII was a good king
  • The favored son Henry VIII
  • Arthur
  • What to do with Catherine
  • Henry VIIrsquos Solution
  • Henry VIII
  • Slide 20
  • One BIG problem
  • Other Problems
  • The end of the Tudor Dynasty
  • Good News for Henry
  • Advice
  • More Advice
  • The Homewrecker
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Henry Acts Quickly
  • Henry VIII and the New Church
  • Destroying Enemies
  • What about Catherine
  • What about Anne
  • Slide 35
  • The Obedient One
  • Prince Edward
  • Would Henry Become Catholic Again
  • Anne of Cleves (She displeased him)
  • Henryrsquos Dilemma
  • Wife 5 Katherine Howard (She displeased him more than Anne of Cleves)
  • Katharine Howard
  • Slide 43
  • Catherine Parr ndash She outlived him
  • Slide 45
  • Henryrsquos Mess
  • Henry on his Deathbed
  • King Edward VII
  • Lady Jane Gray ldquoThe 9 Days Queenrdquo
  • Wyattrsquos Rebellion
  • Slide 51
  • (ldquoBloodyrdquo) Mary I (r 1553-1558)
  • Mary I
  • The Feelings of the People
  • Maryrsquos Problem
  • Elizabeth age 13
  • Coronation age 20
  • Age 30 Before the ldquoVirgin Queenrdquo idea
  • Slide 59
  • 1588 (age 55) after defeat of the Spanish Armada
  • Slide 61
  • The Church of England
  • Golden Age Or Not
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Mary and her son James
  • httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=_1rR7t-buFA
  • The End of the Tudors
  • The Stuarts (1603)
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • THE MAIN PLAYERS
  • Slide 72
  • THE ITALIAN WARS
  • BATTLEFIELD MILAN
  • FRANCISrsquoS FORTUNES TURN
  • FIGHTING OVER
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82

Meet the tudors

Meet the tudors

Keyleigh The Tudors

Keyleigh The Tudors

Tudors Revision

Tudors Revision

War of the Roses Tudors vs. Lancasters. When: Shortly after the Hundred Years War 1455 –York and Lancaster families started the War of the Roses –York-

War of the Roses Tudors vs. Lancasters. When: Shortly after the Hundred Years War 1455 –York and Lancaster families started the War of the Roses –York-

England WARS OF THE ROSES LEAD TO TUDORS TAKING THRONE OF ENGLAND RICHARD III & HENRY VII 2 PRINCES OF THE TOWER BOSWORTH FIELD HOUSES OF YORK.

England WARS OF THE ROSES LEAD TO TUDORS TAKING THRONE OF ENGLAND RICHARD III & HENRY VII 2 PRINCES OF THE TOWER BOSWORTH FIELD HOUSES OF YORK.

The Tudors Pack

The Tudors Pack

The Tudors. The Tudors - 1485-1603 The Tudors encompass one of the most exciting periods in English History. The dynasty of the Tudors include Kings and.

The Tudors. The Tudors - 1485-1603 The Tudors encompass one of the most exciting periods in English History. The dynasty of the Tudors include Kings and.

History the tudors

History the tudors

Turbulent Tudors

Turbulent Tudors

Elizabethan England and Shakespeare. Historical Events Leading Up: Tudors come to power, England is united under one monarchy –End of the War of the Roses.

Elizabethan England and Shakespeare. Historical Events Leading Up: Tudors come to power, England is united under one monarchy –End of the War of the Roses.

Harriet The Tudors

Harriet The Tudors

The Tudors Dinasty

The Tudors Dinasty

history clips - tudors

history clips - tudors

Terrible Tudors

Terrible Tudors

Tudors Cluedo

Tudors Cluedo

Tudors History Slide3494569]Tudor_Food... · 2020. 6. 15. · BACK NEXT Meat also formed a large part of the Tudor diet, but more for rich Tudors than poor Tudors. Rich Tudors ate

Tudors History Slide3494569]Tudor_Food... · 2020. 6. 15. · BACK NEXT Meat also formed a large part of the Tudor diet, but more for rich Tudors than poor Tudors. Rich Tudors ate

Gabys Terrific Tudors

Gabys Terrific Tudors

Zach Torturous Tudors

Zach Torturous Tudors

Requested topics- Tudors

Requested topics- Tudors

The Tudors

The Tudors