Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 –...

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Constituti onal Monarchy in England

Transcript of Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 –...

Page 1: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

Constitutional Monarchy in

England

Page 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The Tudors• The Tudor dynasty ruled

England from 1485-1603– Henry VIII– Elizabeth I– The Tudors respected and

consulted Parliament and the two sides worked well together

– In 1603, Elizabeth died without an heir; throne passed to her cousin, a member of the Stuart family

Page 3: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

King James I• 1566 – 1625• First king of a “United

Kingdom” of “Great Britain” (England, Scotland, & Ireland)

• Clashed with Parliament over money and foreign policy, wanted more control as king

• Eventually dismissed Parliament

Page 4: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

King James I & Religion• Persecuted Puritan

religious dissenters, causing many of them to flee England (including the Pilgrims who settled in Massachusetts

• James also ordered a new translation of the Bible (The King James Version) that reinforced the practices of the Church of England

Page 5: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The Gunpowder Treason• Plot by Catholics to blow up

King James and Parliament in order to place a Catholic on the throne

• November 5, 1605Remember, remember the fifth of

November Gunpowder, treason and plot. I see no reason, why the

gunpowder treason Should ever be forgot.

• The plot failed, leading to a crackdown on Catholicism

Page 6: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

Guy Fawkes• 1570 – 1606• Former soldier assigned to carry

out the Gunpowder Plot, but was caught in the act

• Tortured into confession• Sentenced to be hung, drawn, &

quartered, Fawkes deliberately jumped from the scaffold and broke his own neck

• Continues to be a sort of “folk hero” in England for his willingness to take action against a government he did not support

Page 7: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

King Charles I• 1600 – 1649• Tried to diminish the power of

Parliament and establish himself as an absolute monarch

• Violated the Magna Carta and imprisoned his political enemies without trial

• By 1628, however, England was broke and Charles was forced to convene Parliament and ask for an increase in tax rates to keep the country running

Page 8: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

Charles & Parliament• Parliament demanded that

Charles agree to not imprison anyone without cause and to respect Parliament’s right to control the tax rate in exchange for raising taxes; Charles agreed

• As soon as the new taxes were approved, Charles dissolved Parliament again, this time for 11 years

Page 9: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

Descent into War• In 1640, a Scottish rebellion

forced Charles to reconvene Parliament once again

• Parliament quickly moved to arrest and execute Charles’ top advisors and declared that the king no longer had the power to dissolve Parliament

• Parliament also raised its own army to stand against the king’s, forcing England into civil war

Page 10: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The English Civil Wars• 1642-1649• Cavaliers (pro-king) vs.

Roundheads (pro-Parliament)• Roundheads were led by Oliver

Cromwell, a Puritan• King Charles was captured by

Roundheads and given a chance to accept a constitutional monarchy, but refused

• Charles I was tried, convicted of treason, and beheaded in 1649 – the first European king to be executed by his own people

Page 11: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The Commonwealth• After executing Charles, the House of

Commons (the lower house of Parliament) abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords (the upper house of Parliament), and the Church of England

• Oliver Cromwell was named Lord Protector, the country’s new leader

• When Catholic Ireland and Calvinist Scotland rebelled; Cromwell put down these rebellions harshly

• Cromwell quickly became a tyrant, losing the support of the people

• After Cromwell died in 1658, Parliament softened and invited Charles II (Charles I’s son) to return and resume the throne in 1660

Page 12: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The Strange Tale of Cromwell’s Head

• After the restoration of the monarchy, Cromwell’s body was dug up, publicly hung, and then decapitated.

• The head was publicly displayed on a pole for 25 years, before being stolen and traded by private collectors until 1960

Page 13: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

King Charles II• 1630 – 1685• Catholic sympathizer• His reign is known as

“The Restoration Period”• Despite having many

(illegitimate) children, he left no legitimate heir at his death, so he was succeeded on the throne by his brother James

Page 14: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

King James II• 1633 – 1701• Had converted to Catholicism and

tried to diminish the power of the Church of England

• Maintained a standing army with many Catholic officers

• Openly promoted the idea of the “divine right” of kings

• His oldest daughter, Mary, was a Protestant, but once James produced an heir by his second (Catholic) wife, Parliament became worried that the monarchy might become Catholic for the long-term

Page 15: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The Glorious Revolution• Parliament secretly

negotiated with James’ Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orange to replace James as rulers

• In 1688, fearing execution, James abdicated and fled to France

Page 16: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

William III & Mary II• William III (1650 – 1702)• Mary II (1662 – 1694)• In order to take the throne, had

to agree to the conditions laid out by Parliament in the English Bill of Rights

• William ruled while Mary managed the Church of England

• Granted the charter which founded the College of William & Mary in the Virginia Colony in 1693

• Mary died from smallpox with no children, so the Stuart dynasty ended upon William’s death

Page 17: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The English Bill of Rights• Parliament is superior to the king• Parliament must be allowed to

meet regularly• House of Commons controls the

treasury (taxes)• King can not dismiss or interfere

with Parliament• King can not suspend laws• King can not be Catholic• King can not maintain a

standing army• King can not quarter soldiers in

people’s private homes

Page 18: Constitutional Monarchy in England. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603 – Henry VIII – Elizabeth I – The Tudors respected and consulted.

The English Bill of Rights• Citizens get trial by jury• No cruel or unusual

punishment• Writ of Habeas corpus –

no one can be arrested and imprisoned without being charged with a crime

• Citizens have the right to bear arms