Energy resources & types
25
ENERGY & ENERGY RESOURCES 1
description
Environment Business
Transcript of Energy resources & types
ENERGY &ENERGY RESOURCES
1
Energy & Energy Resources
• Energy & energy resources important to economies– Hunter-gatherer– Agricultural– Industrial
2
Energy & Energy Resources
3
• Sources of energy for the modern industrial economy
Energy & Energy Resources
4
• Energy use related to – Prosperity– Quality of life
• More energy used: more GNP per capita. Is this correct?– but, Switzerland, Japan,
Denmark, Germany have achieved high GNP using less energy than USA
How we use Energy
5
• Electrical– lighting (room, street,
advertising)
– heating & air conditioning
– air circulation
• Heat– residential & commercial
buildings
– hot water
– industrial processes
• Kinetic.– transportation
• cars
• trucks
• trains
• airplanes
Energy & Economy
• Electricity• (In)efficiency: 2nd Law• ~ 75% of energy lost in generation from coal
and “stepping down” to household voltage• Inefficient incandescent light bulbs
6
Electrical generation sources
7
– Fossil fuels, 66.6%
– Nuclear, 15.2%
– Hydro, 16.0%
– Renewable, 2.2%
Energy Formation
8
• Fossil fuels
– Coal
– Petroleum
• crude oil
• tar sands
• oil shales
– Natural gas
Energy Source
9
• Coal– Fossilized plant
remains, mostly 250-300 Million yr old
– Abundant– Enough to last
~200 years at present rate of use
Energy & Economy
10
• Coal mining
– Subsurface mining
• Dangerous to miners
– Open cast mining
• Destroys surface landscape
• Acid drainage
Energy & Economy
11
• Electrical generation from coal
– Source, quality of coal
– Emissions
– Ash disposal
Energy & Economy
12
• Petroleum
• crude oil
• tar sands
• oil shales
• Production
• transport
• Consumption
Energy & Economy
13
• Crude oil refined to:
– fuel
• gasoline
• diesel
– lubricants
• motor oil, etc.
– asphalt paving
– plastics
• By-products
When will we run out of oil?
14
Energy & Economy
15
• Other uses for petroleum: Plastics, solvents, asphalt, rubber
Energy & Economy
16
• Natural gas– Clean burning
• CO2
• H2O
– Difficult & dangerous to store and transport
• Pipelines• Liquid natural gas
Energy & Economy
17
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Nuclear energy
Energy & Economy
18
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Nuclear power for electrical generation
Energy & Environmental Impact
19
Energy & Economy
20
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Biomass energy
• Wood
• Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
• Vegetable oil
– Land dedicated to biomass production
• Unavailable for food
• Nutrient depletion
Energy & Economy
21
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Hydroelectric energy
– Dams
Energy & Economy
22
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Wind energy
Energy & EconomySolar Energy
23
Energy & Economy
24
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Hydrogen fuel cells
• Used in space capsules, shuttles, International Space Station, since 1960s
• Strip hydrogen atoms of electrons
– Electrons flow (current)
– Protons pass through membrane
– Waste = water vapor
Energy Conservation
25
• Drive less– Carpool– Mass Transport– Walk, bike
• Drive a more efficient car
• Use stairs• Recycle
• Make home more energy efficient
• Buy locally grown food• Buy locally produced
goods
