Energy resources & types

ENERGY &ENERGY RESOURCES

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Energy & Energy Resources

• Energy & energy resources important to economies– Hunter-gatherer– Agricultural– Industrial

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• Sources of energy for the modern industrial economy


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• Energy use related to – Prosperity– Quality of life

• More energy used: more GNP per capita. Is this correct?– but, Switzerland, Japan,

Denmark, Germany have achieved high GNP using less energy than USA

How we use Energy

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• Electrical– lighting (room, street,

advertising)

– heating & air conditioning

– air circulation

• Heat– residential & commercial

buildings

– hot water

– industrial processes

• Kinetic.– transportation

• cars

• trucks

• trains

• airplanes

Energy & Economy

• Electricity• (In)efficiency: 2nd Law• ~ 75% of energy lost in generation from coal

and “stepping down” to household voltage• Inefficient incandescent light bulbs

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Electrical generation sources

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– Fossil fuels, 66.6%

– Nuclear, 15.2%

– Hydro, 16.0%

– Renewable, 2.2%

Energy Formation

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• Fossil fuels

– Coal– Petroleum

• crude oil• tar sands

• oil shales

– Natural gas

Energy Source

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• Coal– Fossilized plant

remains, mostly 250-300 Million yr old

– Abundant– Enough to last

~200 years at present rate of use

Energy & Economy

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• Coal mining

– Subsurface mining

• Dangerous to miners

– Open cast mining

• Destroys surface landscape

• Acid drainage

Energy & Economy

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• Electrical generation from coal– Source, quality of coal – Emissions– Ash disposal

Energy & Economy

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• Petroleum

• crude oil

• tar sands

• oil shales

• Production

• transport

• Consumption

Energy & Economy

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• Crude oil refined to:

– fuel

• gasoline

• diesel

– lubricants

• motor oil, etc.

– asphalt paving

– plastics

• By-products

When will we run out of oil?

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Energy & Economy

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• Other uses for petroleum: Plastics, solvents, asphalt, rubber

Energy & Economy

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• Natural gas– Clean burning

• CO2

• H2O

– Difficult & dangerous to store and transport

• Pipelines• Liquid natural gas

Energy & Economy

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• Alternatives to fossil fuels

– Nuclear energy

Energy & Economy

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– Nuclear power for electrical generation

Energy & Environmental Impact

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Energy & Economy

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– Biomass energy

• Wood

• Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

• Vegetable oil

– Land dedicated to biomass production

• Unavailable for food

• Nutrient depletion

Energy & Economy

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• Alternatives to fossil fuels– Hydroelectric energy– Dams

Energy & Economy

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– Wind energy

Energy & EconomySolar Energy

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Energy & Economy

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• Alternatives to fossil fuels– Hydrogen fuel cells

• Used in space capsules, shuttles, International Space Station, since 1960s

• Strip hydrogen atoms of electrons– Electrons flow

(current)– Protons pass through

membrane– Waste = water vapor

Energy Conservation

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• Drive less– Carpool– Mass Transport– Walk, bike

• Drive a more efficient car

• Use stairs• Recycle

• Make home more energy efficient

• Buy locally grown food• Buy locally produced

goods

Energy resources & types

Environment

Transcript of Energy resources & types