EMEP Monitoring Strategy

EMEP Monitoring Strategy

EMEP Monitoring Strategy

Status and challenges with main focus on the EECCA region

Wenche Aas and Kjetil TørsethEMEP/CCC (NILU)

Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006

The EMEP vision;

To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe

Artic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Slovenia

Hungary

Slovakia

Poland

Lithuania

Latvia

Estonia

Finland

Sweden

Georgia

Norway

Belarus

Czech Rep. Ukraine

Denmark

Moldova

Germany

Yugoslavia

Austria

Bulgaria

Liechtenstein

Turkey

Italy

Monaco

Cyprus

Switzerland

Malta

Netherlands

Greece

Belgium

F.Y.R.ofMacedonia

Luxembourg

Albania

France

Bosnia andHerzegovina

Spain

Croatia

Portugal

IrelandUnited Kingdom

Romania

Russian Federation

Iceland

Kara SeaBarents Sea

North Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea Caspian Sea

Aral Sea

Canada

of America

Kyrgyzstan

Kazakhstan

AzerbaijanArmenia

Uzbekistan

Turkmenistan Tajikistan

EMEP Topics

•Acidification and Eutrophication

•Photochemical oxidants

•Heavy metals

•Persistent Organic Pollutants

•Particulate matter

UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (50 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first is

European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties)


Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009 Adopted in December 2004

Three levels approach

Level 1 Basic (1.st priority for new Parties)

Level 2 Supersites (added to level 1 sites)

Level 3 Research driven supersites

Parties responsibility to implement the

Strategy


Monitoring programme:Level 1•Main ions in precipitation and in air •heavy metals in precipitations•ozone •PM10 and PM2.5 mass •meteorology

at ca 125 sites

Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW)• POPs• Heavy metals in air and aerosols• VOC• EC/OC, OC speciation• Mineral Dust• PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio

+ all level 1 activities

15-20 sitesBoth levels are mandatory by all Parties


Programme Parameters Minimum time resolution

Level-3 sites (monitoring at these sites do not require all level-1 and level-2 parameters) Dry deposition flux of Nand S SO2, NH3, HNO3 (SO4

--, NH4+, NO3

-) Hourly/Daily Dry deposition flux of O3

O3 Hourly/Daily

Hydrocarbons C6-C12 Hourly/Daily NOy chemistry NO, NO2, PAN, organic nitrates Hourly/Daily

OC speciation Both water soluble and water insoluble OC

Hourly/Daily

“Black carbon” BC Hourly/Daily Size/number distribution dN/dlogDp Hourly/Daily Light scattering Aerosol optical depth Hourly/Daily Vertical profiles O3 soundings, PM lidar, Hourly/Daily Mercury speciation TGM, RGM and TPM Daily/Weekly Congener-specific POPs PCBs, PAHs, PCDDs and PCDFs Daily/Weekly Multi-compartment (air, soil, water)

POPs and Hg Daily/Weekly

Monitoring programme, Level 3Monitoring programme, Level 3

Optical properties Scattering and absorption coefficients

Research driven and voluntary,


Positive consequencesPositive consequences Many countries have initiated national revision plans, the

general impression is that most Parties intend to comply with requirements.

The strategy is used as an important instrument towards the funding authorities. CCC may assist when needed.

Generally large interest from research groups to get involved in EMEP measurements.

A better link between the traditional monitoring community and the research groups has been established

Particulate matter observations are in very good progress

Support to establish EMEP level 1 sites in some EECCA countries


ChallengesChallengesLevel 1 Some Parties have given little response. Probably due

to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe

Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1


New EMEP sites in the EECCA regionNew EMEP sites in the EECCA region

MD: Leovo

UA: Danube delta

KZ: Borovoye

GE: Abastumani

AR: In process


New sites that will be establish: New sites that will be establish:

Georgia: Abastumani

Moldova: Leovo Kazakhstan: Borovoye

Support from:CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact

Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs


CAPACT project (2004 –2007):CAPACT project (2004 –2007):

“Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia”

http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/

Objective

The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)

Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc).

Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal.

Improved national energy policies.


ChallengesChallengesLevel 1 Some Parties have given little response. Probably due

to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe

Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1

Level 2 POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention Photooxidats receives little attention (but EU directive

addressing PAHs offers assistance) Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s

costly and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)


~ 70 samples(NILU 2006)~30 samples

(NMR 2007-2008)

~2*50 samples (NFR 2006-2008)

~ 50 samples(INTAS 06-08)?

Interlinked POP passive sampling campaigns have been initiated to improve the poor spatial coverage at present:GAPS study


Intensive PM level 2 measurementsIntensive PM level 2 measurementsJune 2006 and January 2007

Chemical speciation

Size/nr distribution


New EU projects that will support the EMEP programme:New EU projects that will support the EMEP programme:

http://www.neu.ceh.ac.uk/

http://www.eusaar.net/

EUCAARI

GEOMON GGlobal lobal EEarth arth OObservation and bservation and MonMonitoringitoring


Comments to the Report of the monitoring networks in the EECCA region: Measurement programme

Only RU and BY that measure in rural areas. But it is not complete level 1 measurements at any sites. UA, MD,GE and KZ will measure in the near future.

Quality assurance and standardized methods At present most countries follow the methods recommended by

old Russian standards. But the EMEP manual is now translated and the new sites will implement the methods recommended here.

Several Participants at EMEP and GAW training courses

Data reporting Very little data reported to international bodies (EMEP, GAW,

EANET). At present it is only RU and BY that report data to EMEP


Expectations, EECCA countries Expectations, EECCA countries

A very important region High emissions Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues Little monitoring today

Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon.

Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. Training and capacity building is necessary.

Beeing part of an international monitoring programme, as on transboundary air pollution, will in addition, give competence and awarness on other envirionmental issues

EMEP Monitoring Strategy

Documents

Transcript of EMEP Monitoring Strategy