Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA – National Technical...

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens

Educational Educational ToolkitToolkit

Knowing the built heritage

ModulModulee

22Basic Basic CourseCourse

Teaching Material Teaching Material

TopicTopic 2.22.2 Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA - National Technical University of Athens Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA - National Technical University of Athens

Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained.

DisclaimerThis document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.



Abstract The presentation examines the elements which constitute the architectural heritage. Cultural heritage contains various different values, such as historic, scientific, aesthetic, economic, quality of life, preservation of cultural identity. There are various problems threatening cultural heritage, such as natural ageing, atmospheric pollution, functions of modern cities, natural disasters, human destruction, economic mutations. Protection of historic cities should be encountered along with development planning and upgrading of the quality of life. Additionally, the restoration and reuse should be in compatibility with the historic shell. Protection of historic cities should include documentation and evaluation before the implementation of any intervention .It is important to establish a permanent local organization disposing professional knowledge, combining a continual exchange of ideas with residents. This organization should respect the particular historic, architectural and cultural characteristics of each city.



Content


Table of contents of this presentation2.2.1. What constitutes the architectural heritage2.2.2. The values of cultural heritage2.2.3. Problems and threats2.2.4. Strategic planning for protection2.2.5. Historical buildings - Architectural analysis and evaluation2.2.6. Historical buildings - Conservation projects and evaluation of conservation 2.2.7. Protection of historic cities

Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection


2.2.1. What constitutes the architectural heritage

Archaeological sites Natural elements Historical buildings Historic cities and settlements Fortifications Traditional architecture Religious buildings Industrial heritage Historic parks and gardens Architectural heritage of 20th century Intangible heritage


2.2.1. What constitutes the architectural heritage

Historical buildings - Byzantine and neoclassic architecture



2.2.1. What constitutes the architectural heritageHistoric Cities and Settlements – Koroni, Nafplio, Monembassia



2.2.1. What constitutes the architectural heritageFortifications and fortified settlements – Astypalaia, Kalymnos, Nafplio



2.2.1. What constitutes the architectural heritageModern movement – Architecture of 20th century



2.2.1. What constitutes the architectural heritageNatural elements



2.2.2. The values of cultural heritage Historic importance, preservation of collective memory Preservation and promotion of cultural identity Scientific value Aesthetic – artistic value Economic value Quality of life



2.2.3. Problems and threats Natural ageing – cost of restoration Atmospheric pollution Intense functions of modern cities Natural disasters Destruction caused by warfare Destruction caused by man Economic mutations – Social and Demographic change



2.2.4. Strategic planning for protection

Following the instructions and declarations of international organizations dealing with protection issues (UNESCO, ICOMOS, Council of Europe) heritage protection cannot be encountered separately from development planning. The main objective is acquiring a balance between protection and development and upgrading the quality of life in all cities and villages.Every planning and every intervention should begin with an in-depth familiarization and understanding of the historic importance, value, mutations and current situation in heritage.




Some necessary steps are: Analyzing and evaluating the current situation Defining the desired situation and the intervention targets Organizing the intervention plan Choosing appropriate implementation measures for the plan Monitoring the results and improving the plan Educating, informing and sensitizing the citizens




At the same time, an effort must be made for: Ensuring the comforts of modern living for inhabitants Attracting environment-friendly investments Instituting the necessary legislative context A constant monitoring of the city Finding economic resources for financial support Ensuring human resources Educating, informing and sensitizing the citizens


Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 2.2.5. Historical buildings

Architectural analysis and evaluation

The restoration and reuse in compatibility with the historic shell constitute the most important tool for the protection and development of historic cities and villages.

The preservation of the successive historic phases of the building under restoration in order for it to acquire a new use, the tolerable degree of intervention on its form and structure as well as the symbolic value of the original use of certain special buildings, are all subjects of special concern upon every intervention.


Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 2.2.6. Historical buildings

Conservation projects and evaluation of conservation

The basic factors which should be serving as guides for the success of the restoration and the reuse of the historic shells, are the following:

The preservation of the qualities of the shell (historic, cultural, architectural) The compatibility of the new use with the old one and with the environment The restoration and reinforcement of the traditional construction system and the use of new compatible materials, when required. The cost of the intervention in relation to the financial viability of the proposed use.



2.2.7. Protection of historic cities

The documentation and evaluation, of historic cities, should precede any kind of intervention for their protection.

Various studies should be realized recording their history, the typology of buildings, the characteristics of the urban tissue, the traits of the natural landscape, archaeological data, specific cultural elements, traditional financial activities etc.

Historic cities in Mediterranean area, face problems caused by:

The over-exploitation of land, which alters the urban form and the great pressures from short-term economically more viable modern functions and intensive activities that deprive their historic functional character and identity




Therefore, the key issue is to consciously decided upon and carried out : The functional character of historic cities and the uses of their individual buildings, The degree of permitted change relative to the historic character of the area.

Measures should be drawn for:Legislative protection of the historic entity including its natural environment, Regulation of vehicular traffic, to improve environmental conditions, Land use restrictions, to encourage the induction of residences and traditional commercial functions, Securing the necessary cultural and social infrastructure and Mobilizing town authorities and residents to issues concerning the management and the compatible development of their town.




It is important to establish a permanent local organization disposing professional knowledge that will combine a continual exchange of ideas with residents.

The same organization could also promote self-financed development projects that would respect and highlight the particular historic, architectural and cultural characteristics of each city.

The act of planning in historic quarters must be the process of managing change in a sensitive and appropriate manner to preserve the character of the locality, while permitting necessary economic change.


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