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Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Data Collation and

Preliminary Analysis

Prepared for Ministry for the Environment

January 2016

Prepared by:

Craig Depree

Martin Unwin

Roger Young (Cawthron Institute)

For any information regarding this report please contact:Craig Depree

Water Quality Scientist - Group Manager

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

+64-7-856 1750

[email protected]

National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research LtdPO Box 11115Hamilton 3251

Phone +64 7 856 7026

NIWA CLIENT REPORT No: HAM2016-008

Report date: January 2016

NIWA Project: MFE15205

Quality Assurance Statement

Chris Hickey Reviewed by:

Alison Bartley Formatting checked by:

John Quinn Approved for release by:

Contents

Executive summary.......................................................................................................................10

1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................14

1.1 Background......................................................................................................................14

1.2 Project scope and deliverables.........................................................................................14

2 Methods..............................................................................................................................15

2.1 Continuous DO.................................................................................................................15

2.2 Spot DO............................................................................................................................19

3 Summary of DO data............................................................................................................22

3.1 Continuous data...............................................................................................................22

3.2 Summary of spot DO data (NEMaR database, Unwin and Larned 2013)..........................27

3.3 Comparison of the distribution of continuous and spot DO sites.....................................30

4 Preliminary analysis of continuous DO data against current NOF threshold values...............33

4.1 Overall ‘picture’ of DO based on continuous data............................................................33

4.2 NOF bands by region........................................................................................................34

4.3 NOF bands by REC classification level..............................................................................35

5 Exploratory data analysis of spot DO data against current NOF threshold values..................41

5.1 All data summary (n=799)................................................................................................41

5.2 Distribution of DO bands (SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d) by region and REC classification level.............................................................................................................42

5.3 By REC classification level.................................................................................................44

5.4 Effect of sampling time on the difference between spot DO measurements and actual DO minima......................................................................................................48

6 Summary points...................................................................................................................53

7 Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................54

8 Glossary of abbreviations and terms....................................................................................55

9 References...........................................................................................................................57

Appendix A Continuous DO data request........................................................................58

Appendix B Continuous DO data.....................................................................................60

Appendix C Spot DO.......................................................................................................74

Appendix D Analysis of continuous data.........................................................................77

Appendix E Analysis of spot DO data..............................................................................91

TablesTable ES-1: DO concentration bands (A-D) for daily minimum (NOF-1d) and 7-day

average minimum (NOF-7d) NOF attributes that apply to streams and rivers downstream of point-source discharge. 10

Table 2-1: Continuous DO data availability by region. 15

Table 2-2: DO concentration bands (A-D) for daily minimum (NOF-1d) and 7-day average minimum (NOF-7d) NOF attributes. 17

Table 2-3: The number of continuous DO data sets (site and season) assessed against the NOF daily (NOF-1d) and 7-day average (NOF-7d) attributes for DO. 18

Table 2-4: Selected long-term continuous DO monitoring sites used to analyse diurnal variation in DO. 18

Table 2-5: Summary of spot DO data from the 799 sites contained in the Phase 3 NEMaR database (Larned et al. 2015). 20

Table 2-6: The two sets of thresholds used to assign different bands (A-D) to spot DO data. 21

Table 3-1: Distribution of continuous DO sites (n=368) by region. 23

Table 3-2: Distribution of the continuous DO sites (post QA, n=367) by REC climate class. 26

Table 3-3: Distribution of the continuous DO sites (post QA, n=367) by REC topography class. 26

Table 3-4: Distribution of the continuous DO sites (post QA, n=367) by REC dominant land cover class. 26

Table 3-5: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region (NEMaR database). 28

Table 3-6: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by REC climate. 30

Table 3-7: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by REC topography. 30

Table 3-8: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by REC dominant land over. 30

Table 4-1: Comparison of A and D bands for NOF-1d (n=367), NOF-7d (n=111) and NOF-1d (n=111) grouped by REC climate class. 37

Table 4-2: Comparison of A and D bands for NOF-1d (n=367), NOF-7d (n=111) and NOF-1d (n=111), grouped by REC land cover class. 39

Table 5-1: Proportion of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each region. 44

Table 5-2: Proportion (%) of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each REC climate class. 44

Table 5-3: Proportion (%) of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each REC topography class. 46

Table 5-4: Proportion (%) of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each REC land cover class. 47

Table 5-5: Maximum ‘DO offset factors’ using 5th and 50th percentile DO oncentrations for the 9 sites shown in Figure 5-7. 51

Table A-1: List of recipients (and their affiliation) of the request for continuous data. 59

Table B-1: Distribution of continuous DO sites (n=367) by region and REC climate classes. 60

Table B-2: Distribution of continuous DO sites by region and REC topography classes. 60

Table B-3: Distribution of continuous DO sites by region and REC dominant land cover classes. 61

Table B-4: Details of all sites that were included in the continuous DO data collation (n=489). 62

Table C-1: Duration of spot DO records (2000 onwards) by region. 74

Table C-2: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region and REC climate classes. 75

Table C-3: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region and REC topography class. 75

Table C-4: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region and REC dominant land cover class. 76

Table D-1: DO minimum and corresponding NOF-1d band for continuous DO sites (n=368). 77

Table D-2: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=368) grouped by region (RC). 89

Table D-3: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=367) grouped by REC climate class. 89

Table D-4: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=367) grouped by REC topography class. 90

Table D-5: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=367) grouped by REC land cover class. 90

Table E-1: Different DO band thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=799) and grouped by region. 91

Table E-2: Different DO band thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=783) and grouped by REC climate class. 92

Table E-3: Different DO 'attribute' thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=783) and grouped by REC topography class (SPOT-1d upper; SPOT-7d lower). 93

Table E-4: Different DO 'attribute' thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=783) and grouped by REC land cover class. 93

FiguresFigure ES-1: Comparison of DO state (all data) determined from continuous (NOF-1d

and NOF-7d) and spot (SPOT-7d) DO data. 11

Figure ES-2: DO state by region, based on spot data (for n=799 sites) using SPOT-7d thresholds. 11

Figure 1-1: Example of 24-hr (diel) variation in dissolved oxygen in a river. 13

Figure 2-1: Diurnal curve for the Waikato River at Hamilton traffic bridge (WRC data). 18

Figure 2-2: Sites affected if filter applied to exclude sites that contain <36 DO measurements (2000-) . 20

Figure 3-1: Duration (years) of continuous DO data sets for the 368 sites. 21

Figure 3-2: Duration (days) of discrete seasonal (NOF summer) continuous DO data (n=614). 22

Figure 3-3: Geographical distribution of continuous DO monitoring data sets (sites) collated in the DO database. 23

Figure 3-4: Geographical distribution of NOF-1d (n=368, orange) and NOF-7d (n=112, blue) sites. 24

Figure 3-5: Distribution of spot DO dataset duration (n=799) for records from 2000 (inclusive). 26

Figure 3-6: Geographical distribution of spot DO sites from NEMaR database (Larned et al. 2015). 28

Figure 3-7: Comparison of the by region distribution of spot (y-axis) and continuous (x-axis) DO sites. 30

Figure 3-8: Distribution of continuous (blue) and spot (green) DO sites by REC climate class. 30

Figure 3-9: Distribution of continuous (blue) and spot (green) DO sites by REC topography. 31

Figure 3-10: Distribution of continuous (blue) and spot (green) DO sites by REC climate. 31

Figure 4-1: Overall national summary of NOF DO bands (daily and 7-day average). 32

Figure 4-2: NOF-1d and NOF-7d threshold bands, emphasising the relative difference in 'concentration width' of B and C bands. 33

Figure 4-3: Distribution of NOF-1d DO bands by region. 34

Figure 4-4: Distribution of NOF-1d (daily) band assignments from continuous data (n=367) by REC climate class. 34

Figure 4-5: Distribution of NOF-7d (upper) and NOF-1d (lower) bands (for n=111 sites with >7day duration) by REC climate class. 35

Figure 4-6: Distribution of NOF-1d (daily) band assignments from continuous data (n=367) by REC topography class. 36

Figure 4-7: Distribution of NOF-7d (upper) and NOF-1d (lower) bands (for n=111 sites with >7day duration) by REC topography class. 37

Figure 4-8: Distribution of NOF-1d (daily) band assignments from continuous data (n=367) by REC dominant land cover class. 38

Figure 4-9: Distribution of NOF-7d (upper) and NOF-1d (lower) bands (for n=111 sites with >7day duration) by REC dominant land cover. 39

Figure 5-1: Summary of DO bands from applying the SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d (aka NOF-1d and NOF-7d) sets of threshold concentrations to all 799 spot DO sites. 40

Figure 5-2: Proportion (%) of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (for n=799 sites) grouped by region. 42

Figure 5-3: Distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (for n=783 sites) grouped by REC climate class. 44

Figure 5-4: Distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (for n=783 sites) grouped by REC topography class. 45

Figure 5-5: Distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (n=783 sites) grouped by REC dominant land cover class. 46

Figure 5-6: Distribution of sampling times (grouped by hour) for the 799 sites in the spot DO database. 47

Figure 5-7: Diurnal curves (left side) for selected long-term continuous DO sites based on 5th (orange) and 50th (blue) percentile DO concentrations; and distribution of spot DO sampling times (right side). 49

Figure A-1: The continuous DO data request form sent out to potential providers on 28 May 2015. 58

Executive summaryIntroductionThe Ministry for the Environment (MfE) are considering whether the current dissolved oxygen (DO) attribute in the National Objectives Framework (NOF) should be extended to apply everywhere (including from diffuse sources), rather than just downstream of point sources. This first stage of an MfE-funded project was to determine whether there are sufficient continuous DO data to satisfy the 4th guiding principle for NOF attributes – is there data of sufficient quality, quantity and representativeness to assess the current state of the attribute on a national scale?

The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is a critical component affecting the life supporting capacity of a river system. Dissolved oxygen concentrations are affected by three key processes: 1) oxygen production associated with photosynthesis of algae and other aquatic plants, which raises the oxygen concentrations within the water, 2) oxygen uptake associated with respiration of all river life including fish, invertebrates, algae, aquatic plants and microbes, which lowers the oxygen concentrations in the water, and 3) oxygen diffusion through the water surface, which can either raise or lower oxygen concentrations, depending on whether the water is under- or over-saturated with DO. Rates of photosynthesis vary with the amount of sunlight available, so DO concentrations can vary widely over a 24 hour period.

MethodsA request for continuous DO data was sent to regional authorities on 28th May 2015. Data that met QA/filtering criteria were assessed against the existing band thresholds for both the NOF daily minimum (NOF-1d) and 7-day average minimum (NOF-7d) DO attributes (Table ES-1). An existing NEMaR dataset was used to extract spot DO data, and these data were evaluated against the NOF-1d and NOF-7d thresholds (Table ES-1). To avoid confusion with NOF nomenclature, the resulting bands are referred to as SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d ‘attributes’. To account for the tendency of spot DO data to be greater than the true diurnal minimum, ‘C’ and ‘D’ bands were combined to give an ‘at risk’ classification, to improve comparability with NOF-1d ‘D’ band classifications. Multi-year sites were assigned an overall band by taking the median (continuous) or mean (spot) value of the annual summer (Nov-Apr) DO minima.

Table ES-1: DO concentration bands (A-D) for daily minimum (NOF-1d) and 7-day average minimum (NOF-7d) NOF attributes that apply to streams and rivers downstream of point-source discharge.

band Daily minimum (NOF-1d) 7-day average minimum (NOF-7d)

A >7.5 >8B 5-7.5 7-8C 4-5 5-7D <4 <5

In response to our request for continuous DO data, we received raw data for 489 sites from 14 agencies (12 regional authorities, Cawthron and NIWA). Data were filtered for those occurring within the summer period (Nov-Apr inclusive), based on the assumption that DO minima are most likely to occur in summer when instream plant biomass and water temperature is high and flows are generally low. Summer time-series plots were then visually inspected for spurious data and other anomalies, which reduced the number of continuous DO sites to 368.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Data Collation and Preliminary Analysis 13

Of the 368 continuous sites, 112 were suitable for calculating the 7-day mean DO minimum (NOF-7d). While there was good coverage of continuous DO sites throughout most of the country, unrepresented areas included Northland, Taranaki and East Cape area of the North Island, and north east and south west areas of the South Island.

It is worth noting a couple of caveats regarding the use of the collated continuous DO data for determining the national state of DO in stream and rivers. (1) In general,1 the data supplied had not been subject to quality assurances (QA) procedures. A preliminary ‘data checking’ procedure was employed for this project. This involved visual screening of all time-series plots to identify potentially anomalous data, such as spikes, missing data, drift and generally ‘odd’ profiles. (2) Individual regions may undertake continuous DO monitoring for different reasons. For example, some agencies may use it for general monitoring purposes,2 whereas other regions may initiate continuous DO monitoring in response to known DO issues.3 Indeed, data from 60% of the sites were collected for research purposes aligned with specific projects. Accordingly, the state of DO derived from continuous data may not necessarily be representative of DO quality for a particular region, or on a national scale. Despite these caveats, this first phase of the DO project represents a valuable first step in assimilating the large amount of continuous DO data that has collected by regional authorities and other science providers throughout the country.

Spot DO data for this project were extracted from the data set previously compiled for Phase 3 of the NEMaR project, which comprised 799 sites. Approximately 90% of the sites had data collection durations of 5 years or more. Spot DO data sites provided good national coverage, and the distribution of sites within the three REC classification levels was similar for the 799 spot DO sites and 368 continuous DO sites.

ResultsThe proportion of sites falling within NOF-1d, NOF-7d, SPOT-7d DO bands are summarised in Figure ES-1. For all 368 continuous DO data sets, the percentage of sites that did not meet the national bottom lines was 14% (Figure ES-1). This value increased to 30% using the NOF-7d (n=112) attribute, which was similar to the NOF-1d when applied to the same 112 sites. Although 7-day mean DO minima data (NOF-7d) provide a more comprehensive assessment of a particular site, the smaller dataset (dominated by Auckland, Manawatu and Southland) provided a limited picture of NZ. Based on the data available, we consider that the NOF-1d ‘attribute’ probably provides the best estimate of DO state in NZ streams and rivers – that is, approximately 15% of streams maybe below the current national NOF bottom line for DO that currently applies to streams below point-source discharges.

1 In some instances Regional Council data had been subject to QA procedures but these QA codes could not be included in the data files sent to NIWA

2 For example, West Coast Regional Council undertake continuous DO monitoring for the purpose of deriving more meaningful DO results to supplement spot measurements at SoE monitoring sites (i.e., it is not driven by known low DO issues).

3 For example, Hawkes Bay Regional Council initiated continuous DO monitoring over the 2013/14 summer period in lowland, macrophyte-dominated streams with known low DO issues.

14 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Data Collation and Preliminary Analysis

Figure ES-1: Comparison of DO state (all data) determined from continuous (NOF-1d and NOF-7d) and spot (SPOT-7d) DO data.

SPOT-7d bands C & D are combined (orange-red stripes) to indicate sites that are potentially ‘at risk’.

Interestingly, the proportion of potentially ‘at risk’ sites (14%) derived from spot data (SPOT-7d) was the same as the NOF-1d bands (note, thresholds used for each were 4 and 7 mg/l, respectively). Despite the limitations, the ‘at risk’ classification generally agreed well with NOF-1d ‘D’ bands for different REC classification levels.

The proportion of potentially ‘at risk’ sites (spot) and NOF-1d ‘D’ band sites (continuous) agreed well when grouped by REC classification levels climate, topography and dominant land cover. Sites with low DO quality were associated with: warm dry, warm wet, and to a lesser extent, cold dry climate classes; low elevation and lake-fed (spot only) topography classes; and pasture and urban dominated land cover classes. In general, the state of DO quality declined in the order natural > exotic forest > pasture > urban.

Based on comparable results between the NOF-1d ‘D’ band and SPOT-7d ‘at risk’ band, the more comprehensive national coverage of spot DO data (799 sites) provided a more representative picture of regional DO status (Figure ES-2). Regions with possible DO issues (i.e., those with proportions of ‘at risk’ sites exceeding or close to the ‘national average’ of 14%) were Northland, Auckland, Canterbury, Waikato, Hawkes Bay, Manawatu/Wanganui and greater Wellington. Regions with no ‘at risk’ sites were Nelson, Taranaki and Gisborne (based on 3 sites).


Figure ES-2: DO state by region, based on spot data (for n=799 sites) using SPOT-7d thresholds.

SPOT-7d bands C & D have been combined (orange) to indicate sites that are potentially ‘at risk’.

Spot DO data are limited in that the measurements are greater than true diurnal minima. There are large variations in timing and diurnal DO characteristics, and so it is likely to be non-trivial to apply a correction factor to account for the ‘DO minimum offset’ that is inherent in most spot DO data. To maximise the value from spot data, we would need to explore a suitable set of SPOT DO thresholds based on sampling time (relative to DO min/max) and/or stream characteristics. The value of spot DO measurements could be improved significantly by prioritising early morning sampling for sites identified as having potential DO issues (e.g., ‘at risk’ sites).

If the NOF DO attributes are extended to include factors additional to point-source discharges, it is recommended that guidance be provided for characterising the DO state of streams for a given season, and also longer-term for multi-year/seasonal DO records. In addition, some consideration may need to be given for having different DO criteria for different stream types.


1 Introduction

1.1 BackgroundThe concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is a critical component affecting the life supporting capacity of a river system. Dissolved oxygen concentrations are affected by three key processes – 1) oxygen production associated with photosynthesis of algae and other aquatic plants, which raises the oxygen concentrations within the water, 2) oxygen uptake associated with respiration of all river life including fish, invertebrates, algae, aquatic plants and microbes, which lowers the oxygen concentrations in the water, and 3) oxygen diffusion through the water surface, which can either raise or lower oxygen concentrations, depending on whether the water is under- or over-saturated with DO. Rates of photosynthesis vary with the amount of sunlight available so DO concentrations can vary widely over a 24 hour period (e.g., Figure 1-3).

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Manawatu at Opiki

DO

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Time

Figure 1-3: Example of 24-hr (diel) variation in dissolved oxygen in a river.

The current National Objectives Framework (NOF) attribute states for DO only apply below point sources, which is a considerable gap. This is largely because understanding of the current state of DO in rivers and how it is influenced by key drivers was considered insufficient during National Policy Statement on Freshwater Management (NPS-FM) drafting. A meeting between MfE, NIWA and Cawthron personnel identified a large number of DO datasets that would potentially address these knowledge gaps and thus potentially enabling DO attribute states to be more widely applied.

1.2 Project scope and deliverablesThe Ministry’s requirements for this first stage of this process is to collate existing DO datasets (continuous and spot), and conduct preliminary analysis of this data to examine current status of DO throughout New Zealand. Depending on the representativeness of the continuous data, and what information can be obtained from exploratory analysis of spot DO data (which has the necessary coverage), this work stream will contribute significantly to meeting the requirements of the 4 th guiding principle related to inclusion of attributes in the NOF; namely:

What do we know about the current state of the attribute at a national scale?


Is there data of sufficient quality, quantity and representativeness to assess the current state of the attribute on a national scale?

2 Methods

2.1 Continuous DO

2.1.1 Request for continuous DO data

A formal request for continuous data was sent to 15 regional and unitary councils, and the University of Canterbury on the 28th of May, 2015. A copy of the data request, and list of recipients is appended (Appendix A). Requests for data were also made internally within NIWA and Cawthron.

2.1.2 Collation and preliminary data checking of received data

We received largely raw continuous DO data from 14 agencies: Cawthron, NIWA, and 12 territorial authorities (i.e., regional, district, or local councils). These data represented a total of 489 sites, distributed across 117 files in four different file formats: Excel (.xls and .xlsx); csv; xml; and hts (the proprietary format for Hilltop Software). The full data set comprised 13.5 million records, with particularly large data sets received from Auckland Council (AC) and Environment Southland (ES) (Table 1-1). Recording interval varied among sources and sites and ranged from 2 to 60 minutes, but was most commonly 15, 5, or 20 minutes. Summary statistics from a study on 20 streams in the Canterbury region was also supplied by the University of Canterbury (Angus McIntosh), but these data were not used in the Stage 1 analyses presented in this report.

Table 2-2: Continuous DO data availability by region.

Columns for each region show the number of files received (Nfiles); the number of individual sites (Nsites); the total number of records across all files, whether usable or not (Ndata); and the number of usable sites remaining after data grooming and other validation (quality assurance, QA) checks (Nsites_usable).

Data source Nfiles Nsites Ndata Nsites_usable

AC 12 12 4 045 042 10

BOP 2 2 653 429 2

Cawthron 13 248 171 437 206

ECAN 2 9 52 102 3

ES 1 15 5 451 475 9

GWRC 30 30 1 161 562 20

HBRC 1 22 209 999 20

HRC 6 6 712 891 5

MDC 1 1 44 648 0

NIWA 24 29 90 390 17

NRC 1 2 3 174 2

TDC 1 37 22 954 19

WCRC 16 16 25 446 12

WRC 7 60 864 955 43

Total, all sources 117 489 13 521 151 368


AC = Auckland Council; BOP = Bay of Plenty Regional Council; ECAN = Environment Canterbury; ES = Environment Southland; GWRC = Greater Wellington Regional Council; HBRC = Hawkes Bay Regional Council; HRC = Horizons Regional Council; MDC = Marlborough District Council; NRC = Northland Regional Council; TDC = Tasman District Council; WCRC = West Coast Regional Council; WRC = Waikato Regional Council.

2.1.3 Data processing and checking procedures

To accommodate the wide variation in data structures among data sources, we pre-processed each block of files so as to establish consistent variable names, date and time formats, and site metadata across all sources. Map references (NZMG and NZTM) were available for all sites, and NZReach (and hence a link to the River Environment Classification Scheme or REC; Snelder and Biggs (2002)) for all but four sites. Variables recorded at each site typically included water temperature (TEMP, °C) and dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/l, % saturation), along with various ancillary variables such as barometric pressure, turbidity, conductivity, pH, flow, and light levels. The Horizons Regional Council provided DO as % saturation rather than mg/l, together with TEMP and barometric pressure, allowing us to estimate DO in mg/l using standard methodologies4.

We applied three additional data grooming/filtering steps to extract a subset of the raw data suitable for the present analyses. First, we applied a date filter to limit the working data set to the NOF summer period, defined as the six months from 1 November to 30 April inclusive. This reduced the total number of records by 48%, from 13.5 million to 7.1 million. Second, we discarded records for which DO concentration in mg/l was null, and not readily derivable from DO as percent saturation (%sat), reducing the number of records by a further 18% to 4.6 million.

Third, we generated diagnostic time-series plots for each NOF summer period at each site, and used these to visually screen each data set for evidence of gross outliers or other apparent anomalies (e.g., baseline drift, spikes, odd calibration, pre/post-deployment data at the start and end of the time-series, and any ‘nonsensical’ shaped profiles), which could potentially compromise our analyses (refer to separate data checking Appendix document). A list of all continuous DO records showing those that were included and excluded from the analyses is provide in Table B-5 (Appendix B). In applying these checks we took note of any caveats supplied by each contributing council, many of whom emphasised the preliminary nature of their data and the need for caution when deriving metrics such as diel and seasonal minima. Features which we took as evidence of potential QA problems included transient DO spikes (either positive or negative); temporal drift over time scales of a few weeks to a few months; and sustained periods of low or zero DO in streams where we would not expect such values to occur naturally. Time series with only a few (e.g., less than 5-10) transient spikes or similar data artefacts were edited manually so as to eliminate just the suspect data; series with longer or more frequent suspect records were discarded in their entirety. We also excluded records for short-term (< 10 day) datasets for any days when more than 25% of the daily time stamps were associated with null DO data. These checks reduced the size of the working data set by a further 1.3 million records (9.5%), bringing the final total to 3.34 million records at 368 sites.

2.1.4 Caveats regarding continuous DO collated for this project

The majority of data supplied by providers had not been subject to QA procedures.

The data checking procedure employed in this project were basic, rapid and often subjective. It involved a visual assessment of all DO time-series plots for obvious anomalies. The basic default we adopted was to accept the data as reliable unless there was an obvious reason to exclude it. Ideally we would have returned DO time-series plots to regional councils to

4 http://www.waterontheweb.org/under/waterquality/oxygen.html, Equation 2.


http://www.waterontheweb.org/under/waterquality/oxygen.html

provide a more robust data checking process, as their intimate knowledge of the sites (combined with access to field notes) would assist in identifying spurious data.

A fundamental challenge of this project was that it involves analysing for DO minima over relatively long records (up to 180 days). The problem is that sonde ‘failure’ or artefacts, generally result in DO suppression. Accordingly, the inclusion of spurious low DO event anomalies (e.g., weed wrapping around sonde preventing exchange with bulk water), will result in an overall state of DO in NZ streams that is potentially worse than it actually is.

Given that continuous DO data is susceptible to false low DO events, and that this study relied largely on visual screening for quality assurance (with little or no supporting information to assess whether low DO events were real or spurious), the findings in this report should be taken as preliminary until the data have been subject to more robust QA procedures by the relevant organisation. This applies more so to longer-term data sets. During the QA process, for a number of sites, we made enquiries about low DO events (e.g., AC and ES), and for all but one of these events, regional council staff confirmed that they were most likely corrupt data.

Different regions may undertake continuous DO monitoring for different reasons. For example, some agencies may use it for general monitoring purposes, whereas other regions may initiate continuous DO monitoring in response to a known DO issue. The latter may result in datasets that have a bias towards ‘degraded sites’, in which case the overall DO state from the region’s continuous DO data may not be representative of water quality in that region.

2.1.5 Data analysis – assigning NOF DO bands (A-D)

Our primary tool for data manipulation, diagnostic plotting, and deriving metrics of daily minima was R version 3.0.3 (R Development Core Team 2014). The analyses described in this report are primarily based on three R objects (or data frames), each of which can be thought of as equivalent to a single Excel or .csv file structured as a data matrix with a single row of column headers. These objects are:

data frame “all_data” (3 337 565 records, one per continuous DO reading)

data frame “all_sites” (489 records, one per continuous DO site)

data frame “all_sites_runs” (776 records, one per 6 month NOF season per site).

Using QA’d data, the minimum DO value was identified for the 614 seasonal data records (which ranged from 1 to 180 days duration), and this was used to assign the relevant band (A-D) of the daily minimum DO attribute (Table 2-3). For the purposes of this report, this attribute is referred to as the NOF-1 day (NOF-1d). For sites where the DO record duration was greater than (or equal to) 7 days, the moving 7 day-mean of the daily DO minimum was calculated, and used to assign the relevant NOF band for 7-day average minima (referred to as NOF-7 day or NOF-7d).

Table 2-3: DO concentration bands (A-D) for daily minimum (NOF-1d) and 7-day average minimum (NOF-7d) NOF attributes.

Threshold between C and D band represents the national bottom-line. The NOF DO attributes currently only apply to stream receiving waters downstream of point source discharges.

band Daily minimum (NOF-1d) 7-day average minimum (NOF-7d)

A >7.5 >8


B 5-7.5 7-8

C 4-5 5-7

D <4 <5

The continuous DO data set (post QA) comprised 614 seasonal data records and 368 sites (364 discrete sites, as Horizons and Cawthron had similar sites at two locations on the Manawatu and Rangitikei Rivers). A number of sites contained multi-season data (some >10 years). The method we used to assign a single, overall NOF band to these sites was to take the median of all the annual (Nov-Apr) DO minima values (daily or 7-day mean) for each site. This ‘median of DO minima’ was used to assign the overall NOF band (for both NOF-1d and NOF-7d attributes) based on the thresholds given in Table 2-3. The number of discrete DO seasons (Nov-Apr) and sites for both DO attributes are summarised in Table 2-4. In this report, we have placed more emphasis on NOF assignments based on individual ‘DO sites’ (i.e., using an overall, single classification for multi-season sites), and less on ‘DO seasons’.

Table 2-4: The number of continuous DO data sets (site and season) assessed against the NOF daily (NOF-1d) and 7-day average (NOF-7d) attributes for DO.

NOF DO attribute Total number of ‘DO seasons’

Total number of ‘DO sites’

NOF-1d 614 368

NOF-7d 305 112

2.1.6 Effect of sampling time on difference between the true diurnal DO minima and spot DO measurements

Spot sampling (>90%) is undertaken between 8 am and 3pm, which generally spans the period in the diurnal curve from DO minimum to maximum. As such, the later in the day that spot sampling is undertaken, the greater the difference between the measured DO and the true diurnal minimum will be. The greater the difference between the true diurnal DO minima and spot DO measurements, the less informative the spot data will be for assessing that stream’s DO state.

Table 2-5: Selected long-term continuous DO monitoring sites used to analyse diurnal variation in DO.

Region (RC)

Site name Total data (hourly averages)

Average no. of data for each 1 h period in diurnal

cycle

AC Ngakoroa Stream @ Mill Rd 50,548 2,106

AC Opanuku Stream @ Candia Rd Bridge 17,333 722

AC West Hoe @ Halls 36,235 1,510


Region (RC)

Site name Total data (hourly averages)

Average no. of data for each 1 h period in diurnal

cycle

AC Wairoa River @ Tourist Rd 31,210 1,300

BOPRC Tarawera River @ Awakaponga 38,858 1,619

ES Mataura River @ Gore 47,801 1,992

GWRC Kopuaranga River @ Stewarts 24,530 1,022

WRC Waikato River @ Hamilton traffic bridge 29,347 1,223

Eight long-term DO continuous monitoring sites were selected to analyse diurnal variation (Table 2-5). Data was limited to the NOF summer period and data that had passed QA criteria. Briefly, hourly average DO concentrations were calculated and these were arranged by date/day (vertical) and hour period (horizontal) using pivot tables. The number of data points for each 1-hour period ranged between 720 and 2,100 (Table 2-5), and for each 1-h period, we calculated the 50th (median) and 5th percentile values, which were expressed relative (%) to the DO minima for each site. These values were then plotted to give diurnal DO profiles on a concentration scale relative to the DO minima (set to 100%). The approximate degree that spot DO measurements, at any given time, may over-estimate the true DO minimum could then be estimated from these curves. The percentile concentrations were plotted on time axes to give diurnal profiles. An example of the output from this analysis, using Waikato River (Hamilton Traffic Bridge) as an example, is shown in Figure 2-4. Based on >90% of sampling at this site occurring between 1 and 4 pm, it is expected that spot DO data is approximately 110% of the true DO minimum (i.e., 10% higher).5

5 Note that the results of these analyses were not used to adjust spot data, the analyses were undertaken to provide a ‘diurnal context’ for the spot data (i.e., the majority of spot data correspond to DO values that are greater than the diurnal DO minimum).


Figure 2-4: Diurnal curve for the Waikato River at Hamilton traffic bridge (WRC data).

Orange and blue markers represent 5th and 50th percentile DO concentrations, respectively. Note, that the 5th percentile concentrations are higher than median values because the lower percentile value captures more extreme DO minima events. These events correspond to greater DO maxima, thereby resulting in larger differences between the diurnal DO maxima and minima. Vertical dashed lines indicate time-period (1300-1600 h) when >90% of measurements are made.

2.2 Spot DO

2.2.1 Available data

Spot DO data for this project were extracted from the data set previously compiled for Phase 3 of the NEMaR project (Unwin & Larned 2013). This data set has recently been augmented by including data to the end of 2013 from the LAWA database (Larned et al. 2015), but since LAWA does not yet include DO the NEMaR data set represents the most current source of national DO data that is readily available. For the majority of sites, the DO record was only current to between 2010 and 2012, and the duration ranged from approximately 2 to >20 years. For the purposes of this report, data analysis was limited to DO concentrations collected from November 2000 onwards (start of the 2000/01 NOF summer period).

The Phase 3 NEMaR data set contained a total of 91,831 spot DO measurements from 799 sites. Data was limited by year (post 2000) and season (NOF summer months only), and is summarised in Table 2-6.

We retained all such variables as received, but restricted our analyses to sites with non-null values for DO in mg/l.

Table 2-6: Summary of spot DO data from the 799 sites contained in the Phase 3 NEMaR database (Larned et al. 2015).

Filter Number of spot data

All data 91,831

NOF summer (Nov-1 to Apr 30) (individual data) 45,814

NOF summer period, post 2000 (individual data) 33,094

NOF summer period, post 2000 (no. of seasons) 6,819

2.2.2 Data processing and analysis

Because of time-constraints, R-scripts were not used for the exploratory analysis of spot DO data. Data was analysed using pivot tables in Excel to determine seasonal minima for all 799 sites. The 799 sites comprised some short-term data sets (1-3 years), and we considered using a minimum number of discrete DO measurements to filter the data. The disadvantage of this would be a decrease in coverage of spot DO data from some regions (particularly the South Island). For example, applying a filter to remove sites with <36 DO measurements (corresponding to around 3 and 9 years duration


for monthly and quarterly monitoring, respectively), decreased the number of spot DO sites from 799 to 615 (Figure 2-5). Filtered sites were mainly from ECAN, TDC, NCC and WCRC with the proportion of sites affected from these regions being 40, 65, 100 and 90%, respectively. Because we subsequently found that the results from analysing the spot DO data against different concentration thresholds yielded the same results for unfiltered (n=799) and filtered (n=615) datasets, we opted to use the non-filtered data comprising all 799 spot DO sites.

Figure 2-5: Sites affected if filter applied to exclude sites that contain <36 DO measurements (2000-) .

Filtered sites (green bars) and retained sites (n=615).

The mean of the seasonal DO minima for each site was calculated (note that pivot tables do not have functionality to calculate medians), and this overall value (i.e., mean of seasonal DO minima) was used to determine an arbitrary band (A-D) using the thresholds in Table 2-7. Although spot data is not suitable for assessment against the NOF DO attribute thresholds (Table 2-4), to provide a comparison with continuous DO data, the NOF-1d and NOF-7d band thresholds were applied to the spot data. To differentiate assessments made using spot DO data, we have used the terminology SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d, which are based on the NOF daily (1d) and 7-day mean (7d) DO minima thresholds, respectively (Table 2-7).

Table 2-7: The two sets of thresholds used to assign different bands (A-D) to spot DO data.

SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d use the same band thresholds as the NOF attributes NOF-1d and NOF-7d, respectively.

band SPOT-1d SPOT-7d

A >7.5 >8

B 5-7.5 7-8

C 4-5 5-7

D <4 <5


3 Summary of DO data

3.1 Continuous data

3.1.1 Duration

Only including those data that meet the QA acceptance criteria, the continuous DO data base consisted of 368 sites (364 unique), spanning 614 discrete NOF summer seasonal periods. All 489 sites (368 used and 121 unused) with collated continuous DO data are detailed in Table B-5 (Appendix B). The duration of DO data ranged from less than 1 year to greater than 20 years (although note that this project limited these long-term sets to post-2000 data). The majority of continuous data at the 368 sites were less than 1 year (83%, Figure 3-6). Long-term data sets were dominated by AC, and to a lesser extent by ES, GWRC and WRC. Long-term data sets were generally of the type collected continuously, although some sites on the Waikato River are long-term records comprised of short-to-medium term discrete blocks of continuous data.

Figure 3-6: Duration (years) of continuous DO data sets for the 368 sites.

Note that only post-2000 data was included.

The 368 sites include 614 discrete NOF summer periods. The distribution of DO duration for these data was bimodal (Figure 3-7), with maxima at 1 day (21%) and approximately 180 days (21%) – 180 days being the duration of continuous monitoring across the NOF 6-month summer period. The prevalence of 1-2 day durations (33%) reflects that many of these DO investigations have been done for the purpose of calculating stream metabolism rates.


Figure 3-7: Duration (days) of discrete seasonal (NOF summer) continuous DO data (n=614).

3.1.2 Geographical distribution

The 368 sites were reasonably well-distributed between the North and South Island, with 203 (55%) and 165 (45%) sites respectively. Of the 16 regional territories in NZ, Taranaki and Gisborne were the only regions that did not have any continuous DO data. In addition to these regions, the North of North Island (i.e., AC and NRC) comprised <4% of continuous DO sites. Table 2-2 summarises the distribution of continuous DO sites by regions. The geographical distribution of continuous DO sites is illustrated in Figure 3-8, and differentiation between NOF-1d and NOF-7d sites is shown in Figure 3-9.

Table 3-8: Distribution of continuous DO sites (n=368) by region.

Region Number of sites Proportion (%) of total

AC 10 3%

BOP 3 1%

ECAN 33 9%

ES 40 11%

GWRC 20 5%

HBRC 42 11%

HRC 61 17%

MDC 3 <1%

NCC 5 1%

NRC 2 <1%

ORC 39 11%

TDC 33 9%

WCRC 12 3%

WRC 65 18%

total 368


Figure 3-8: Geographical distribution of continuous DO monitoring data sets (sites) collated in the DO database.

Red = multi-year, long-term; orange = multi-year, short term; cyan = single-year, long-term; blue = single-year, short-term; and white = unused data (did not meet QA/filter criteria).


Figure 3-9: Geographical distribution of NOF-1d (n=368, orange) and NOF-7d (n=112, blue) sites.

Note that all 112 NOF-7d sites are also NOF-1d sites.


3.1.3 Summary of continuous DO data by REC classification level

Table 3-9 to Table 3-11 summarise the distribution of continuous DO sites by the REC climate (Table 3-9), topography (Table 3-10), and land cover (Table 3-11) classes (refer to Snelder et al. (2004) for detailed description of the NZ River Environment Classification). The proportion (%) of each class for each classification level is compared with the NEMaR spot DO data set which comprises 799 sites is compared in Section 3.3. Note that there are 367 sites (cf. 368) because one site did not have NZReach. Additional information on the NZ River Environment Classification (REC) system.

Table 3-9: Distribution of the continuous DO sites (post QA, n=367) by REC climate class.

Distribution by region and REC climate class is provided in Table B-2 (Appendix B).

No. of sites (n)

cool dry (CD)

cool wet (CW)

cool ex. wet (CX)

warm dry (WD)

warm wet (WW)

warm ex. wet

(WXW)

Total 367 100 153 22 36 54 2

% of total 27% 42% 6% 10% 15% <1%

ex. = extremely

Table 3-10: Distribution of the continuous DO sites (post QA, n=367) by REC topography class.

Distribution by region and REC topography class is provided in Table B-3 (Appendix B).

No. of sites (n)

Mountain (M) Hill (H)

Low elevation (L)

lake fed (Lk)

Total 367 10 87 234 36

% of total 3% 24% 64% 10%

Table 3-11: Distribution of the continuous DO sites (post QA, n=367) by REC dominant land cover class.

Distribution by region and REC dominant land cover class is provided in Table B-3 (Appendix B).

region No. of sites (n) Natural1 exotic forest (EF)

Pasture (P) Urban (U)

Total 367 63 11 274 19

% of total 17% 3% 75% 5%

1 natural = includes land cover classes indigenous forest (IF), scrub (S) and tussock (T)


3.2 Summary of spot DO data (NEMaR database, Unwin and Larned 2013)The NEMaR database contained spot DO measurements for 799 sites. The 77 (10%) NRWQN sites contain DO data for all of 2013. DO records were complete to 2012, 2011, 2010 and 2009 for 31, 46, 12 and <2%, of the remaining 722 spot DO sites, respectively. We limited the amount of data to that collected from 2000. Frequency of monitoring was generally quarterly or monthly, with the former being more prevalent with South Island authorities (e.g., ECAN, NCC, TDC and WCRC).

3.2.1 Data duration

Duration of spot DO data from 2000 (inclusive), for the 799 sites, ranged from 1 year (3%, largely NCC) to 14 years (10%, NRWQN sites), with 88% of sites having at least 5 years of data (Figure 3-10). Short duration datasets (1-2 years) were limited to NCC and WCRC (Table C-6, Appendix C).

Figure 3-10: Distribution of spot DO dataset duration (n=799) for records from 2000 (inclusive).

3.2.2 Geographical distribution

The regional distribution of spot DO sites from the NEMaR database (Larned and Unwin 2013) is provided in Table 3-12. With respect to national distribution, 53 and 47% of sites were located in the North and South Island, respectively. The national distribution of NEMaR spot DO sites is illustrated in Figure 3-11, which shows good coverage of all the main regions (with the possible exception of East Cape). As expected with 2-times as many sites (799 vs 368), coverage of spot DO sites is better than continuous data (refer to Figure 3-8).


Table 3-12: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region (NEMaR database).

Region Number of sites (n) Proportion (%) of total

AC 31 3.9%

BOP 27 3.4%

ECAN 111 13.9%

ES 73 9.1%

GDC 3 0.4%

GWRC 58 7.3%

HBRC 53 6.6%

HRC 86 10.8%

MDC 33 4.1%

NCC 27 3.4%

NRC 35 4.4%

ORC 50 6.3%

TDC 46 5.8%

TRC 13 1.6%

WCRC 37 4.6%

WRC 116 14.5%

Total 799 100%


Figure 3-11: Geographical distribution of spot DO sites from NEMaR database (Larned et al. 2015).


3.2.3 Summary of spot DO data by REC classification level

Table 3-13: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by REC climate.

Distribution by region and REC climate is provided in Table C-7 (Appendix C).

No. of sites (n)

cool dry (CD)

cool wet (CW)

cool ex. wet (CX)

warm dry (WD)

warm wet (WW)

warm ex. wet

(WXW)

Total 799 174 339 81 43 155 7

% of total 22% 42% 10% 5% 19% 1%

ex. = extremely

Table 3-14: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by REC topography.

Distribution by region and REC topography is provided in Table C-8 (Appendix C). Mountain (M) includes glacial mountain class.

No. of sites (n)

Mountain (M) Hill (H)

Low elevation (L)

Lake fed (Lk)

Total 799 24 263 471 41

% of total 3% 33% 59% 5%

Table 3-15: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by REC dominant land over.

Distribution by region and REC dominant land cover is provided in Table C-9 (Appendix C).

region No. of sites (n)

Natural1 exotic forest (EF)

Pasture (P) Urban (U) Wetland (W)

Total 799 221 34 511 31 2

% of total 28% 4% 64% 4% <0.5%

1 natural = includes land cover classes indigenous forest (IF), scrub (S) and tussock (T)

3.3 Comparison of the distribution of continuous and spot DO sites

3.3.1 Region

Comparison of the distribution of continuous and spot DO sites, by region, is summarised in Figure 3-12. Relative to the distribution of spot DO sites, regions that have a greater representation of continuous data included TDC, HBRC, ORC, HRC and WRC. It is a little ironic that AC is shown as being ‘under represented’ in continuous DO (on a site-basis), given that AC data accounted for around half the total continuous DO data received. This reflects the ‘by site’ nature of the summary, and therefore a long-term continuous site with 10 years of data is weighted the same as a single, 24-h


duration site. Regions that were notably under-represented with continuous DO data included NRC, MDC, TRC, GDC and ECAN.

Figure 3-12: Comparison of the by region distribution of spot (y-axis) and continuous (x-axis) DO sites.

3.3.2 REC classification level

Comparisons of the distribution of continuous (n=367) versus spot (n=799) DO sites by different REC classification levels are summarised in Figure 3-13 (climate), Figure 3-14 (topography), and Figure 3-15 (dominant land cover). Despite some regional differences in distribution, the continuous and spot data had comparable distributions for the three REC classification levels, which should facilitate comparisons between the two sets of data.

Figure 3-13: Distribution of continuous (blue) and spot (green) DO sites by REC climate class.

Data from Table 3-9(continuous DO) and Table 3-13 (spot DO).


Figure 3-14: Distribution of continuous (blue) and spot (green) DO sites by REC topography.

Data from Table 3-10 (continuous DO) and Table 3-14 (spot DO).

Figure 3-15: Distribution of continuous (blue) and spot (green) DO sites by REC climate.

Data from Table 3-11 (continuous DO) and Table 3-15 (spot DO).


4 Preliminary analysis of continuous DO data against current NOF threshold values

Continuous DO data was compared against the threshold values for both the 1 day (NOF-1d) and 7-day (NOF-7d) average NOF attributes (Table 2-3). We had a total of 614 records for discrete summer periods across 368 sites. The majority of this section focusses on site data (n=368), where the multi-year, long-term sites have been reduced to a single NOF grade by taking the median of the annual (Nov-Apr) DO minima.

4.1 Overall ‘picture’ of DO based on continuous dataThe overall proportion of DO bands assigned to the continuous DO sites, using both NOF-1d and NOF-7d threshold values, are summarised in Figure 4-16. Using all 367 continuous DO data sets, applying the NOF-1d thresholds results in 61% A, 21% B, 4% C and 14% D band assignments. NOF-7d bands were limited to 111 sites, and resulted in a more degraded overall DO state with the proportion of A bands decreasing to 30% (cf. 61%) and D bands increasing to 30% (cf. 14%). DO minima and corresponding NOF-1d bands for all sites are provided in Table D-10 (Appendix D).

Applying the NOF-1d thresholds to the same 111 sites resulted in similar band assignments to the NOF-7d (Figure 4-16). The results indicate that the 111 sites are biased towards poor DO because they most likely represent a limited picture of New Zealand, dominated by streams in Auckland, Manawatu and Southland. Although we do acknowledge that 7-day mean continuous DO data provide a more comprehensive assessment of a particular site.


Figure 4-16: Overall national summary of NOF DO bands (daily and 7-day average).

Subject to the caveats discussed in Section 2, and based on the available continuous data, we consider that the NOF-1d (n=367) bands are probably the best estimate (of those shown in Figure 4-16) of the state of DO in NZ streams and rivers. This indicates that nationally, the number of sites that do not meet the national bottom line is around 15%. NOF-1d band assignments for all continuous DO sites (n=368) are provided in Table D-10 (Appendix D).

4.1.1 A quick word on the comparability of NOF-1d and NOF-7d attributes (same data)

Figure 4-16 showed that, with the exception of B and C band assignments, the agreement between NOF-1d and NOF-7d attribute bands was similar (e.g., A band was 33 vs 30%; and D band was 27 vs 30%.). It is interesting to note that the difference in the relative proportions of B and C bands seems to reflect the relative differences in the widths of the B and C thresholds (Figure 4-17). NOF-1d thresholds specify concentration widths for bands B and C of 2.5 and 1 mg/l, respectively. In contrast, NOF-7d thresholds specify concentration widths for bands B and C of 1 and 2 mg/l, respectively. As such, it is not surprising that for the same set of data, the NOF-1d attribute will have a higher proportion of B bands than the corresponding NOF-7d attribute. Conversely, NOF-7d will have a greater proportion of C bands, reflective of the relative concentration widths of the threshold bands.


Although there are sound reasons for the threshold values used for the NOF-1d and NOF-7d DO attributes, presumably it would be desirable that assessments using both attributes yielded the same DO state. Improved comparability of results might be achieved if the B/C threshold for NOF-1d was 6 mg/l, as opposed to 5 mg/l. This would give a NOF-1d concentration width for B and C bands of 1.5 and 2 mg/l, respectively, which is more consistent with the relative B and C ‘band widths’ of the NOF-7d attribute.

Figure 4-17: NOF-1d and NOF-7d threshold bands, emphasising the relative difference in 'concentration width' of B and C bands.

The following sections provide summaries of the NOF band assignments (NOF-1d and NOF-7d) grouped by region and REC classification level.

4.2 NOF bands by regionThe distribution of NOF bands by region was limited to NOF-1d since this comprised 368 sites, compared to NOF-7d with only 111 (Figure 4-18; results tabulated in Table D-11, Appendix D). Regions with greater than 20% of sites in the D band (below the national bottom line) included AC, GWRC, HBRC, MDC (only 3 sites total) and TDC. These regions were above the ‘national average’ value (refer to Figure 4-16) of 14%. ECAN, ES and WRC had between 8 and 13% of sites below the national bottom line.


Figure 4-18: Distribution of NOF-1d DO bands by region.

Number of sites in each region is given in parentheses on the x-axis; note the small number of sites for BOPRC (3), MDC (3), NCC (5) and NRC (2).

4.3 NOF bands by REC classification level

4.3.1 REC climate

All continuous sites (n=367): NOF-1d

Sites classed as cool wet (CW) and cool extremely wet (CX) were almost exclusively A and B band. CW comprised the most sites (n=153) and contained the higher proportion of A band sites (Figure 4-19). Sites that did not meet the national bottom line (i.e., D bands) were concentrated in warm dry (64%) and warm wet (30%) climate classes. The most ‘degraded’ climate class was warm dry (WD) where the proportion of A, B, C and D bands was 6, 20, 11 and 64%, respectively. Percent values of each DO NOF band, grouped by REC climate class, are provided in Table D-12 (Appendix B).


Figure 4-19: Distribution of NOF-1d (daily) band assignments from continuous data (n=367) by REC climate class.

Continuous sites >7 days duration (n=111): NOF-7d and NOF-1d

NOF-7d and NOF-1d (Figure 4-20 upper and lower, respectively) for the 111 sites of >7 day duration yielded similar results for A and D bands. For example, the proportion of D band sites for CD, CW, CX, WD and WW for NOF-7d (n=111) were 47, 3, 0, 73 and 43%, respectively, while the corresponding values for NOF-1d (n=111) were 47, 3, 0, 64 and 38%. The amount of B and C bands differed, because of the relative difference in concentration width for these bands in the two attributes (as discussed in Section 4.1.1).

Figure 4-20: Distribution of NOF-7d (upper) and NOF-1d (lower) bands (for n=111 sites with >7day duration) by REC climate class.

The results for the subset of 111 sites indicated these sites, on average, are more degraded compared to the 367 sites (Figure 4-19). This was evident from most climate classes having a higher and lower proportion of D and A bands, respectively. This data is summarised in Table 4-16. The


results from the 111 sites (Figure 4-20) show a concentration of D bands sites within the WD, WW and CD classes.

Table 4-16: Comparison of A and D bands for NOF-1d (n=367), NOF-7d (n=111) and NOF-1d (n=111) grouped by REC climate class.

No. of site (n)

cool dry (CD) cool wet (CW)

cool extremely wet (CX)

warm dry (WD)

warm wet (WW)

A-bands

NOF-1d 367 59% 86% 68% 6% 30%

NOF-7d 111 7% 56% 55% 9% 15%

NOF-1d 111 7% 62% 55% 0% 23%

D-bands

NOF-1d 367 10% 1% 0% 64% 30%

NOF-7d 111 47% 3% 0% 73% 43%

NOF-1d 111 47% 3% 0% 64% 38%

4.3.2 REC topography class

All continuous sites (n=367)

The largest REC topography class was low elevation which accounted for 64% of 367 sites. All 51 sites that did not meet the national bottom line (band D) were low elevation class (Figure 4-21). The other topography classes were dominated by A band sites, with mountain (M), hill (H) and lake (Lk) having 100, 91 and 89, respectively. Percent values of each DO NOF band, grouped by REC topography class, are provided in Table D-13 (Appendix B).


Figure 4-21: Distribution of NOF-1d (daily) band assignments from continuous data (n=367) by REC topography class.

Continuous sites >7 days duration (n=111)

In the reduced set of sites (n=111), the mountain (M) class was not adequately represented (n=1) and is therefore not shown in Figure 4-22 (NOF-7d upper, and NOF-1d lower). Of the three represented classes, all sites that did not meet the national bottom line (n=30 and 33 for NOF-7d and NOF-1d, respectively) were low-elevation class. As seen for climate class, the subset of 111 sites, on average, had a more degraded DO state. Using the NOF-1d attribute, the proportion of A bands for hill and lake classes decreased from 91 and 89%, for n=367 sites, to 56 and 76%, respectively, for n=111 sites.


Figure 4-22: Distribution of NOF-7d (upper) and NOF-1d (lower) bands (for n=111 sites with >7day duration) by REC topography class.

Mountain class has been excluded as it was only represented by one site.

4.3.3 REC land cover class

All continuous sites (n=367)

REC land cover was dominated by pasture class (n=274, 75%) with natural class (indigenous forest, scrub and tussock classes combined) comprising 16%. Urban and exotic forest land cover classes were relatively minor at 5% and 3%, respectively. Based on the available data, DO status showed the expected trend for water quality with land cover, that is, decreasing in the order natural > exotic forest > pasture > urban (Figure 4-23). This was reflected by an increasing proportion of D bands (i.e., 0 to 26%), and a decreasing proportion of A bands (i.e., 87 to 26%), respectively. Percent values of each DO NOF band, grouped by REC land cover class, are provided in Table D-14 (Appendix B).

Figure 4-23: Distribution of NOF-1d (daily) band assignments from continuous data (n=367) by REC dominant land cover class.

Continuous sites >7 days duration (n=111)

NOF-7d (Figure 4-24, upper) and NOF-1d (Figure 4-24, lower) results for A and D bands were in good agreement, but varied somewhat for B and C bands (refer to 4.1.1 for discussion). The most notable difference (compared to the n=367 results) was the 100% D band assignment for urban land cover class; however, it is emphasised that this is based on only 5 sites. Consistent with the other REC levels, the 111 subset of sites showed the same trends as the full dataset (n=368), but, on average, a more degraded ‘picture’ of DO (Table 4-17). Individual values for each land cover class are provided in Table B-4 (Appendix B)


Table 4-17: Comparison of A and D bands for NOF-1d (n=367), NOF-7d (n=111) and NOF-1d (n=111), grouped by REC land cover class.

Number of samples

exotic forest (EF)

pasture (P) urban (U) natural (N)

A-bands

NOF-1d 367 87% 73% 57% 26%

NOF-7d 111 61% 50% 24% 0%

NOF-1d 111 67% 50% 27% 0%

D-bands

NOF-1d 367 2% 0% 16% 26%

NOF-7d 111 6% 0% 32% 100%

NOF-1d 111 6% 0% 29% 100%


Figure 4-24: Distribution of NOF-7d (upper) and NOF-1d (lower) bands (for n=111 sites with >7day duration) by REC dominant land cover.

5 Exploratory data analysis of spot DO data against current NOF threshold values

Spot DO data was limited to those collected from 2000, which included 799 sites. The number of sites with REC classes was 783. To provide an indication of how an assessment of DO ‘state’ using spot DO data compared with continuous DO data, we applied the NOF-1d (7.5, 5 and 4 mg/l) and NOF-7d (8, 7 and 5 mg/l) thresholds to the mean of the average annual (Nov-Apr) DO minima for each site. To differentiate assessments made using spot DO data, we have used the terminology SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d, which are based on the NOF daily (1d) and 7-day mean (7d) DO minima thresholds, respectively

The majority (>90%) of spot DO data is collected between 8am and 3pm, and so with the exception of DO measurements taken close to 8am, most spot DO measurements correspond to times that occur significantly after the diurnal minimum (i.e., the DO spot measurements are greater than the true diurnal minimum) (discussed in Section 5.4). Accordingly, of the NOF-1d and NOF-7d attributes, the higher concentration band thresholds of the NOF-7d (approximately 1.2-time higher band threshold values compared to NOF-1d) are arguably more relevant to spot DO given that the spot DO annual minima will almost invariably be greater than the true diurnal minima.

5.1 All data summary (n=799)The proportion of DO bands (A-D) from applying the three sets of concentration thresholds (SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d) are shown in Figure 5-25. As expected the SPOT-1d values compared to NOF-1d show a more favourable outcome of DO state because the spot DO minima are greater than the actual diurnal minimum. Applying the NOF-7d thresholds (SPOT-7d) provides an overall result that is closer to the NOF-1d ‘picture’ (n=368).


Figure 5-25: Summary of DO bands from applying the SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d (aka NOF-1d and NOF-7d) sets of threshold concentrations to all 799 spot DO sites.

For comparison, the NOF-1d summary for all continuous data (n=368) is provided.

5.2 Distribution of DO bands (SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d) by region and REC classification level

In this section we estimate DO state using SoE spot DO data and compare this with assessment made using continuous DO data (refer to Section 4). Spot DO will tend to underestimate the magnitude of DO minima, and therefore the number of sites that do not meet national bottom lines (D) will be underestimated. As such, sites characterised as ‘D’ using spot data are most likely to be very degraded, and ‘C’ band sites could potentially be below the national bottom line (if assessed by continuous DO monitoring). SPOT-7d bands may provide a better estimate of D-band streams (i.e., higher threshold of 5, as opposed to 4 mg/l), and so we have focussed on SPOT-7d DO bands in this section. We have used the term ‘at risk’ to describe sites characterised as C or D bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds), which may not meet national bottom lines.

5.2.1 SPOT DO threshold bands by region (n=799)

The distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands, by region, are shown in Figure 5-26 (data is tabulated in Table E-15, Appendix E). Based on SPOT-7d thresholds, the proportion of ‘D’ and ‘C+D’ bands (the latter being defined as potentially ‘at risk’ sites) are summarised in Table 5-18. Regions with apparent DO issues (i.e., those with proportions of ‘at risk’ sites and/or D bands that exceeded the all-data average) included AC, ECAN, WRC, HBRC, and NRC. The national ‘at risk’ proportion (14%) of spot DO sites was the same as the proportion of NOF-1d D bands (14%) from all continuous data (n=367, refer to Figure 5-25).


Figure 5-26: Proportion (%) of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (for n=799 sites) grouped by region.

Values for both SPOT-1d and SPOT-7d data are provided in Table E-15 (Appendix E).

Table 5-18: Proportion of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each region.

Underlined value indicate those regions that are above the 'national' average for all data (n=799).

DO b

and/

s

AC (n

=31)

BOPR

C (n

=27)

ECAN

/CCC

ES (n

=73)

WRC

(n=1

16)

GDC

(n=3

)

GWRC

(n=5

8)

HBRC

(n=5

3)

HRC

(n=8

6)

MDC

(n=3

3)

NCC

(n=2

7)

NRC

(n=3

5)

ORC

(n=5

0)

TDC

(n=4

6)

TRC

(n=1

3)

WCR

C (n

=37)

ALL

DATA

D 26 0 6 4 4 0 2 8 3 3 0 6 4 0 0 3 5

C+D 68 4 14 10 20 0 12 13 12 9 0 31 10 7 0 5 14

5.3 By REC classification level

5.3.1 REC climate

The distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands, by region, are shown in Figure 5-27 (data is tabulated in Table E-16, Appendix E). Possible at ‘risk sites’ corresponded to warm dry (63%), warm wet (29%), and to a lesser extent cool dry (16%) climate classes (Figure 5-26). It is noted that these ‘at risk’ values are consistent with the proportion of D bands assigned via NOF-1D thresholds (n=367 continuous DO data), which were 64, 30 and 10% for WD, WW and CD, respectively (refer to Table 4-16). The climate classes CW and CDW had a low proportion of at risk sites (nil for CDW), which is also consistent with the findings from continuous DO datasets (refer to Figure 4-19).

Table 5-19: Proportion (%) of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each REC climate class.

Underlined value indicate REC classes that are above the 'national' average for all data (n=783).

DO band/s CD (n=167) CW (n=331) CX (n=81) WD (n=43) WW (n=161) ALL DATA

D (%) 6 1 0 28 6 4

C+D (%) ‘at risk’ 16 4 0 63 29 14


Figure 5-27: Distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (for n=783 sites) grouped by REC climate class.


5.3.2 REC topography class

The distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands, by region, are shown in Figure 5-28 (data is tabulated in Table E-17, Appendix E). REC topography classes with the most ‘at risk’ sites were low elevation (22% of class) and to a lesser extent, lake-fed (10% of class). Consistent with continuous data (refer to Figure 4-21), mountain and hill classes had very low incidences of ‘at risk’ sites (Table 5-20). Interestingly, the proportion of at risk sites within the low elevation class was the same (i.e., 22%) as the proportion of NOF-1day D-band sites from all continuous data (n=367, refer to Figure 4-21). In contrast to the results from the continuous data, the SPOT-7d metric suggests that 10% of lake-fed sites may be ‘at risk’ (continuous data had nil D bands for Lk class).


Figure 5-28: Distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (for n=783 sites) grouped by REC topography class.


Table 5-20: Proportion (%) of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each REC topography class.


Band/bands mountain (n=31)

hill (n=252) lowland (n=459)

lake (n=41) ALL DATA

D (%) 0 0 7 5 4

C+D (%) ‘at risk’ 0 2 22 10 14

5.3.3 REC dominant land cover

The distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands, by region, are shown in Figure 5-29 (data is tabulated in Table E-18, Appendix E). As with continuous data, ‘at risk’ sites for spot data showed the expected decreasing trend in water quality (DO state) with dominant land cover (i.e., N > EF > P > U). The percentage of possible ‘at risk’ sites for natural (N), exotic forest (EF), pasture (P) and urban (U) were 1, 12, 18 and 37%, respectively. In comparison, the percentages of NOF-1d D bands from all continuous data (n=367) for N, EF, P and U were 2, 0, 16 and 26%, respectively – again, the two sets of DO data (spot and continuous) providing complimentary results.


Figure 5-29: Distribution of SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower) DO bands (n=783 sites) grouped by REC dominant land cover class.


Table 5-21: Proportion (%) of 'at risk' sites with D or C bands (based on SPOT-7d thresholds) within each REC land cover class.


natural (n=220) exotic forest (n=33)

pasture (n=498)

urban (n=30) ALL DATA (n=783)

D (%) 0 3 5 13 4

C+D (%) ‘at risk’ 1 12 18 37 14


5.4 Effect of sampling time on the difference between spot DO measurements and actual DO minima

The spot DO data base contains 93,286 records for 799 sites. The distribution of sampling times for the water quality sites show that approximately half of the sampling times (49%) occur between 0900 and 1200 h. The vast majority of sampling (92%) occurs between 0800 and 1500 h (i.e., 1400 h measurement in Figure 5-30 includes all DO between 1400 and 1459 h), which generally approximates to the DO minima and maxima respectively. The extent to which spot DO measurements over-estimate the true diurnal minima will depend on the sampling time (i.e., within the 8am to 3pm range, sampling near the former will yield DO results closer to the true minima), and the nature of the river (e.g., aeration coefficients and stream respiration rates).

Figure 5-30: Distribution of sampling times (grouped by hour) for the 799 sites in the spot DO database.

To provide a preliminary glimpse into how sampling times of spot DO measurements relate to the true diurnal minimum, we selected a number of long-term continuous DO sites (namely, Kopuranga, Waikato River (traffic bridge), Mataura River (Gore), Tarawera River (Awakaponga), West Hoe, Wairoa (Tourist Rd), Ngakoroa and Opanuku) and looked at the diurnal variation as a function of time. The continuous DO data was grouped into hourly average values, and then for each of the 24 hour periods, percentile values were calculated for all daily records. Median and 5 th percentile diurnal curves were then constructed using the concentration of DO relative to the diurnal minimum (assigned a value of 100%). The aim was to determine whether there were any general trends regarding sampling time and the difference between the spot DO measurement and the true diurnal minimum.

Diurnal curves (left) and distributions of spot sampling times (right) for the eight sites are shown in Figure 5-31.


Figure 5-31: Diurnal curves (left side) for selected long-term continuous DO sites based on 5th (orange) and 50th (blue) percentile DO concentrations; and distribution of spot DO sampling times (right side)


Blue dashed lines represent sampling period for >90% of spot DO measurements made at all 799 sites (8 am to 3pm). The green dash rectangle indicates the time window for c. 90% of DO measurements at that water quality site.

With the exception of Kopuaranga, for most sites, approximately 90% of sampling occurred within a 2 h period. This has the benefit of reducing the diurnal variability for site measurements. Even if the site is measured close to the diurnal maximum – for example, the Waikato River at Hamilton traffic bridge – having minimal variation in sampling time means that if required, a correction could be applied to the spot data to account for the ‘DO minimum offset”. For this site, the DO measurements within the green rectangle (Figure 5-31) are typically 110% (variation of 108-112%) of true diurnal DO minimum (which is set to 100%). We can then estimate the true diurnal minimum by dividing the spot measurements by 1.1 (‘DO offset factor’, Table 5-22) – so if the diurnal minima from spot data was 8.5, an estimate of the true diurnal value would be closer to 8.5/1.1 = 7.7. If sampling occurred between 0800 and 1500 h, this would increase the amount of uncertainty in the ‘DO offset factor’.

In some streams, the magnitude of the offset factor may be small and therefore sampling time may have a very small effect on DO (e.g., West Hoe had ‘DO offset factor’ of <1.02). Maximum ‘DO offset factors’ (DO concentration at sampling time ‘divided by’ the actual diurnal DO minimum) using 5 th and 50th percentile DO concentrations for the 9 sites, and for the sampling time range indicated, are provided in Table 5-22.

Table 5-22: Maximum ‘DO offset factors’ using 5th and 50th percentile DO concentrations for the 9 sites shown in Figure 5-31.

DO concentration at sampling time ‘divided by’ the actual diurnal DO minimum.

Stream/river Sampling time (>90%)

Max. ‘DO offset factor’

(5th ile DO conc.)

Max. ‘DO offset factor’

(median DO conc.)

Opanuku 0800-1000 1.1 1.09

West Hoe 0800-1100 1.02 1.02

Wairoa 1200-1400 1.1 1.09

Ngakoroa 1100-1300 1.5 1.27

Waikato River (Traffic) 1300-1600 1.12 1.1

Tarawera (Awakaponga) 1300-1500 1.1 1.07

Kopuranga 0800-1300 1.25 1.2

Mataura (Gore) 0800-1000 1.15 1.13

average 1.2 1.1

std 0.1 0.1

Kopuaranga is a good example where changes in monitoring could improve the value of spot DO data. This site has a diurnal maximum around 1500 h equal to 130% of the true diurnal minimum.


Sampling at this site occurs over a relatively wide time window (0800-1300 h) where the range in the 5th percentile DO concentrations are 106-125% of the true DO minimum. This corresponds to a ‘DO offset factor’ of between 1.06 and 1.25. If, sampling was between 0800 and 1000 h, this would decrease (variation and magnitude) to 1.06-1.09.

Obviously not all sites can be measured in the morning, but the diurnal curves in Figure 5-31 indicate that sample timing is more important for some sites than others. As such, there is almost certainly some scope to prioritise sampling times for certain sites in order to increase the value of spot DO data (i.e., by reducing the magnitude and variation of the ‘DO offset factor’).

Although it is possible to derive a ‘DO offset factor’, this requires a considerable amount of continuous data. The ideal solution would be a generic ‘offset factor’ that is ‘applied’ to all spot data (e.g., SPOT DO thresholds), although probably a number of different ‘generic offset’ factors would be required to cover different stream types. This would invariably result in some ‘overs’ and ‘unders’, which may limit use for individual site comparisons, but for national data sets it may be useful in providing an overall average picture of DO state.

We suspect that this partly explains the good agreement between spot DO ‘at risk’ sites (using SPOT-7d thresholds) and NOF-1d D bands (Section 5). Using the NOF-7d thresholds for the spot DO data was effective the same as applying a uniform ‘DO offset factor’, as compared to the NOF-1d thresholds, the C/D, B/C and A/B threshold have been increased by a factor of 1.25 (i.e., 5/4), 1.4 (i.e., 7/5) and 1.07 (i.e., 8/7.5), respectively. Interestingly, this range (i.e., 1.1 to 1.4) is comparable to the average ‘DO offset’ for the eight sites (Table 5-22), which was 1.2 ± 0.1.


6 Summary pointsMain points from the preliminary analysis of spot and continuous DO data included:

Good national coverage of continuous short-term DO sites for comparing against the NOF-1d threshold bands. We collated a total of 489 sites and used 368 for the analyses.

More robust QA processes would improve the level of certainty in data currently used (368 sites) and enable the inclusion of some of the 121 sites currently excluded.

Data analysis of continuous data was limited to the 6-month summer period (Nov-Apr).

Significantly less coverage of sites suitable for NOF-7d analysis (dominated by Auckland, Waikato, Manawatu/Wanganui, Wellington and Southland regions).

Based on continuous data (368 sites using NOF-1d thresholds), 14% of sites are potentially below the national bottom line (i.e., D band); however, it is uncertain as to how nationally (and regionally) representative the NOF-1d dataset is, although ‘at risk’ sites derived from spot data agreed well with continuous NOF-1d D-bands.

Spot DO data are probably more representative of regional picture of DO (due to greater sample size, 799 vs 368).

High risk REC classes include:o climate: warm dry (WD), warm wet (WW) and to a less extent, cool dry (CD)o topography: low elevation (L), and to a lesser extent lake-fed (Lk – spot data only)o dominant land cover: pasture (P) and urban (U).

Spot DO limited by measurements that are greater than true diurnal minimum due to distribution of sampling times which typical span the diurnal minimum and maximum range, for example:

o 92% of measurements occur between 8am and 3 pmo 11% of measurements before 9 amo 40% of measurements occur after midday.

Large variations in timing and diurnal DO characteristics, so non-trivial to apply correction factor to account for the ‘DO minimum offset’ that is inherent in most spot DO data (although this has not been fully explored).

To maximise value from spot data, we would need to explore a suitable set of SPOT DO thresholds that could be applied based on sampling time (relative to DO min/max) and/or stream characteristic. The value of spot DO measurements could be improved by prioritising early morning sampling for those sites with potential DO issues (e.g., ‘at risk’ sites identified using SPOT-7d data).

The daily DO minimum attribute (DO) is potentially limited by the short-duration of data collection, which is unlikely to capture ‘worst case’ DO events during the year (or in this case, the NOF summer period).


If NOF DO attributes are extended to include all streams and rivers, it is recommended that guidance is provided for characterising the DO state of a stream/river for a given season, and also longer-term for multi-year/seasonal DO records. The analogy can be made with periphyton, which specifies a minimum of 3 years of data to establish an annual average compliance with NOF criteria (i.e., <8% exceedance, or on average 1 month in every 12).

7 AcknowledgementsIt would not have been possible to undertake this nationally important project without the amazing and valued support of councils and other institutions throughout the country. Despite challenging deadlines, we were overwhelmed by the amount of continuous data made available to us – which turned out to be 3-times more than we had thought existed. Clearly a large proportion of regional councils have already invested significant resources into monitoring continuous DO concentrations in their regions streams and rivers. And it is because of this investment, and the generosity in making this data available that we have been able to collate and analyse this data in order to present a preliminary ‘snap shot’ of the state of DO in New Zealand streams. Numerous people within each of the councils were involved in providing the often large data sets, and so rather than run the risk of excluding some important contributor, we extend a huge thank you to the following organisations:

Auckland CouncilBay of Plenty Regional Council Christchurch City CouncilEnvironment CanterburyEnvironment SouthlandGreater Wellington Regional CouncilHawkes Bay Regional CouncilHorizons Regional Council (HRC)Marlborough District CouncilNelson City CouncilNorthland Regional Council (NRC)Otago Regional CouncilTasman District CouncilWaikato Regional CouncilWest Coast Regional Council

In addition we thank the many people at Cawthron and NIWA involved with the collection, collation and provision of continuous DO data that was used in this project. Finally, we thank the Ministry for funding this important piece of work for ‘NZ Inc.’


8 Glossary of abbreviations and termsAC Auckland Council

BOP/BOPRC Bay of Plenty Regional Council

Climate (REC) Classes: cool dry (CD); cool wet (CW); cool extremely wet (CX); warm dry (WD); warm wet (WW); and warm extremely wet (WXW).

Warm: Mean annual temperature ≥ 12°C.Cool: Mean annual temperature < 12°C.Extremely Wet: Mean annual effective precipitation ≥ 1,500 mm.Wet: 500 > mean annual effective precipitation < 1,500 mm.Dry: Mean annual effective precipitation < 500 mm.

DO dissolved oxygen - measured as mg/l or as percent saturation

ECAN Environment Canterbury

ES Environment Canterbury

EW Waikato Regional Council

GWRC Greater Wellington Regional Council

HBRC Hawkes Bay Regional Council

HRC Horizons Regional Council

Land cover (REC) Classes include: bare (B); indigenous forest (IF); pasture (P); tussock (T); scrub (S); exotic forest (EF); wetland (W); urban (U).

The spatially dominant land cover category unless pasture (P) exceeds 25 percent of area, in which case class = P, or unless urban (U) exceed 15 percent of catchment area, in which case class = U.

LAWA Land, Air, Water Aotearoa

MDC Marlborough District Council

MfE Ministry for the Environment

Ministry Ministry for the Environment

NEMaR National Environmental Monitoring and Reporting

NOF National Objective Framework

NPS-FM National Policy Statement - Freshwater Management

NRC Northland Regional Council

QA Quality Assurance

RC Regional Council / Unitary Authority

REC River Environment Classification


topography (REC) Classes include: mountain (M); hill (H); low elevation (L); and Lake (Lk).

M: > 50 percent annual rainfall volume above 1,000 m ASL.H: 50 percent rainfall volume between 400 and 100 m ASL.L: 50 percent rainfall below 400 m ASL.Lk: Lake influence index > 0.033.

TDC Tasman District Council

WCRC West Coast Regional Council

WRC Waikato Regional Council


9 ReferencesLarned, S.T., Snelder, T., Unwin, M.J., McBride, G.B., Verburg, P., McMillan, H. (2015)

Analysis of water quality in New Zealand lakes and rivers: data sources, datasets, assumptions, limitations, methods and results. NIWA Client Report CHC2015-033: 70.

R Development Core Team (2014) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.

Snelder, T.H., Biggs, B.J.F. (2002) Multi-scale river environment classification for water resources management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 38: 1225-1240.

Snelder T., Biggs, B.J.F., Weatherhead, M. (2004) New Zealand River Environment Classification User Guide. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, NZ. Publication number ME 1026 (updated in September 2010): 144.

Unwin, M.J., Larned, S.T. (2013) Statistical models, indicators and trend analyses for reporting national-scale river water quality (NEMAR Phase 3). NIWA Client Report CHC2013-033: 55.


Appendix A Continuous DO data request

Figure A-1: The continuous DO data request form sent out to potential providers on 28 May 2015. .

List of email recipient (excluding contacts within NIWA and Cawthron) is provided in Table A-1.


Table A-1: List of recipients (and their affiliation) of the request for continuous data.

Contact person Email address Affiliation

Jean-Charles Perquin

Laura Buckthought

Mike McMurtry

Mark Hamer

Asaeli Tulagi

Bill Vant

Alastair Suren

Paul Scholes

Sandy Haidekker

Thomas Wilding

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Northland Regional Council (NRC)

Auckland Council (AC)

Auckland Council (AC)

Waikato Regional Council (WRC or EW)



Bay of Plenty Regional Council (BOPRC)

Bay of Plenty Regional Council (BOPRC)

Hawkes Bay Regional Council (HBRC)



Adam Uytendaal

Maree Clark

Sean Hodges

Gary Bedford

Juliet Milne

Peter Hamill

Paul Fisher

Trevor James

Jonny Horrox

Tim Davie

John Harding;

Angus McIntosh

Dean Olsen

Clint Rissmann

Roger Hodson

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Horizons Regional Council (HRC)

Horizons Regional Council (HRC)

Taranaki Regional Council (TRC)

Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC)

Marlborough District Council (MDC)

Nelson City Council (NCC)

Tasman District Council (TDC)

West Coast Regional Council (WCRC)

Environment Canterbury (ECAN)

University of Canterbury

University of Canterbury

Otago Regional Council (ORC)

Environment Southland (ES)

Environment Southland (ES)


Appendix B Continuous DO data

Table B-2: Distribution of continuous DO sites (n=367) by region and REC climate classes.

region no. of sites (n)

cool dry cool wet cool extremely

wet

warm dry warm wet

warm extremely

wet

AC 10 10

BOP 3 3

ECAN 33 31 1 1

ES 40 22 17 1

GWRC 20 2 10 1 4 3

HBRC 42 5 14 23

HRC 61 5 56

MDC 3 1 2

NCC 5 5

NRC 2 2

ORC 39 33 3 3

TDC 33 2 16 3 3 7 2

WCRC 12 12

WRC 64 30 1 4 29

Total 367 100 153 22 36 54 2

% of Total 27% 42% 6% 10% 15% <1%

Table B-3: Distribution of continuous DO sites by region and REC topography classes.

region No. of sites (n)

glacial-mountain

hill lowland lake fed mountain

AC 10 10

BOP 3 1 2

ECAN 33 1 3 29

ES 40 3 36 1


GWRC 20 20

HBRC 42 4 38

HRC 61 28 29 4

MDC 3 1 2

NCC 5 5

NRC 2 2

ORC 39 1 30 4 2 2

TDC 33 11 21 1

WCRC 12 1 11

WRC 64 1 31 31 1

Total 367 2 87 234 36 8

% of Total <1% 24% 64% 10% 2%

Table B-4: Distribution of continuous DO sites by region and REC dominant land cover classes.

regionNo. of sites

(n) Natural1

Exotic forest (EF) Pasture (P)_ Urban (U)

AC 10 2 8

BOP 3 2 1

ECAN 33 1 15 17

ES 40 7 33

GWRC 20 2 18

HBRC 42 41 1

HRC 61 7 54

MDC 3 1 2

NCC 5 5

NRC 2 2


ORC 39 16 1 22

TDC 33 11 3 18 1

WCRC 12 4 8

WRC 64 7 5 52

Total 367 63 11 274 19

% of total 17% 3% 75% 5%

1 combines indigenous forest (IF), scrub (S) and tussock (T) land cover classes

Table B-5: Details of all sites that were included in the continuous DO data collation (n=489).

Sites that were excluded from the analyses are shown in red.

Data source Region River/stream site nzreach

AC AC Ararimu River Ararimu River @ Old North Rd Bridge 2004627AC AC Hoteo River Hoteo River @ Gubbs 2001617AC AC Kaipara River Kaipara River @ Waimauku 2004831AC AC Kaukapakapa River Kaukapakapa @ Taylors 2003565AC AC Kumeu River Kumeu @ Maddrens Weir 2004945AC AC Mahurangi Argonaut @ College 2001738AC AC Ngakoroa Stream Ngakoroa Stream @ Mill Rd 2009507



AC AC Opanuku Stream Opanuku Stream @ Candia Road Bridge 2005960AC AC Rangitopuni Rive Rangitopuni River @ Walkers 2004645AC AC Wairoa River Wairoa River @ Tourist Road 2007413AC AC Waitangi Stream Waitangi @ S H Bridge 2009679AC AC West Hoe West Hoe @ Halls 2003138BOP BOP Tarawera River Tarawera at Awakaponga 4005289BOP BOP Tarawera River Tarawera at Matata 4005289Cawthron BOP Karaponga Stream Karaponga 4008127Cawthron BOP Komata River Komata 3009063Cawthron BOP Mangakara Stream Mangakara 3010188Cawthron BOP Mangaone Stream Mangaone 4008644Cawthron BOP Maraetotara Stream Maraetotara 4007551Cawthron BOP Mimiha Stream Mimiha 4004883Cawthron BOP Ohineangaanga Stream Ohineangaanga 4002382Cawthron BOP Ohinemuri River Ohinemuri Golden 3009953Cawthron BOP Ohinemuri River Ohinemuri Karangahake 3010506Cawthron BOP Ohinemuri River Ohinemuri Waihi 3009601Cawthron BOP Ohinemuri River Ohinemuri Waikino 3010558Cawthron BOP Ohourere Stream Ohourere 4001622Cawthron BOP Pikowai Stream Pikowai 4005509Cawthron BOP Puanene Stream Puamene 4003552Cawthron BOP Ruruanga Stream Ruruanga 4010901Cawthron BOP Tairua River Tairua 3004021Cawthron BOP Tarawera River Tarawera 4010551Cawthron BOP Te Rahu Canal Te Rahu 4007919Cawthron BOP Tuapo Stream Tuapo 4000462Cawthron BOP Unnamed Stream Unnamed Burma 4008344Cawthron BOP Waiari Stream Waiari 4004818Cawthron BOP Waikamihi Stream Waikamihi 4006797Cawthron BOP Waione Stream Waione 3010408Cawthron BOP Waitoki Stream Waitoki 3011533Cawthron BOP Waiwakareto Stream Waiwakareto 4004386Cawthron BOP Wairapukao Stream Warapukao 4003253Cawthron BOP Wharekawa River Wharekawa 3004568Cawthron ECAN Taranaki Creek Ashley R trib 13038550Cawthron ECAN Avon River Avon Gloucester 13046232Cawthron ECAN Wairarapa Stream Avon trib at Elmwood Park 13045685Cawthron ECAN Avon River Avon Wood 13046139Cawthron ECAN Birdlings Brook Birdling 13055096Cawthron ECAN Boggy Creek Boggy 13052884Cawthron ECAN Cam River Cam R 13038818Cawthron ECAN Cam River Cam R trib 13039466Cawthron ECAN Dudley Creek Dudley Creek 13045694Cawthron ECAN Hakataramea River Hakatara 13520975Cawthron ECAN Ilam Stream Ham 13046137Cawthron ECAN Harts Creek Harts Creek 13043757Cawthron ECAN Heathcote River Heathcote Curtletts 13047088Cawthron ECAN Heathcote River Heathcote Rose 13047077Cawthron ECAN Kaputone Creek Kaputone 13043286Cawthron ECAN North Brook North Brook 13038794Cawthron ECAN Okeover Stream Okeover 13046031Cawthron ECAN Opihi River tributary Opihi 13063558



Cawthron ECAN Opuha River Opuha 13062293Cawthron ECAN Otukaikino Creek Otukaikino 13043714Cawthron ECAN Rakaia River Rakaia 13047662Cawthron ECAN Rangitata River Rangitat 13054539Cawthron ECAN Selwyn River tributary Selwyn trib 13050676Cawthron ECAN South Brook South Brook 13039145Cawthron ECAN Styx River Styx at Gardiners 13044247Cawthron ECAN Styx River Styx at Husseys 13044113Cawthron ECAN Styx River Styx at Norths Rd 13044168Cawthron ECAN Styx River Styx at Radcliffe 13044271Cawthron ECAN Styx River Styx trib at Gardiners 13044162Cawthron ECAN Waikuku Stream Waikuku 13038063Cawthron ECAN Waimairi Stream Waimairi 13046018Cawthron ECAN Wairarapa Stream Wairarapa at Glandovey 13045815Cawthron ECAN Wairarapa Stream Wairarapa at Ilam 13045611ECAN ECAN 1st cattle crossing 13053421ECAN ECAN 1st lateral 13053421ECAN ECAN Avon River Avon bottom Avondale Road 13045364ECAN ECAN Avon River Avon mid at Swanns Road bridge 13045817ECAN ECAN Downstream of pump house 13053475ECAN ECAN Halfway to mouth 13053887ECAN ECAN Heathcote River Heathcote bottom railway bridge 13047078ECAN ECAN Heathcote River Heathcote US on Columbo st 13047078ECAN ECAN Upstream of pump house 13053475Cawthron ES Back Creek Back 14073443Cawthron ES Caddon Burn Caddon Burn 15060195Cawthron ES Camp Creek Camp 15053086Cawthron ES Catlins River Catlins at Cairn 14072212Cawthron ES Catlins River Catlins at Catlins 14072958Cawthron ES Duckaday Creek Duckaday1 14073852Cawthron ES Duckaday Creek Duckaday2 14073852Cawthron ES Freshwater River Freshwat 15065859Cawthron ES Glenomaru Stream Glenmaru 14071555Cawthron ES Hedgehope Stream Hedgehope 15054283Cawthron ES Kaihiku Stream Kaihuka 14070561Cawthron ES Lill Burn Lill Burn 15047441Cawthron ES Mataura River Lowmatau 15059279Cawthron ES Makarewa River Makarewa 15056020Cawthron ES Makarewa River Makarewa at Lora 15048673Cawthron ES Makarewa River Makarewa at Scott 15051952Cawthron ES Makarewa River Makarewa at Taylors 15050267Cawthron ES Unnamed Stream Maori 15065748Cawthron ES Mokoreta River Mokoreta 15058654Cawthron ES Mokoreta River Mokoreta R 15058284Cawthron ES Mokoreta River tributary Mokoreta trib at Klondyke 15059766Cawthron ES Glenomaru Stream Omaru 14071750Cawthron ES Opouriki Stream Opouriki 15056161Cawthron ES Oreti River Oreti 15054580Cawthron ES Winton Stream Oreti R trib 15054215Cawthron ES Otapiri Stream Otapiri at Andersons 15051875Cawthron ES Owaka River Owaka 14071659Cawthron ES Pourakino River Pourokino at Ermadale 15056201



Cawthron ES Pourakino River Pourokino at Pourokino 15054650Cawthron ES Tahakopa River Tahakopa 14073457Cawthron ES Tussock Creek Tussock 15055845Cawthron ES Mataura River Upmataur 15025968Cawthron ES Waiau River Waiau 15024740Cawthron ES Waikopikopiko Stream Waikopikopiko 15062800Cawthron ES Waimeamea River Waimeamea 15057136Cawthron ES Waiwera River Waiwera 14069400Cawthron ES Winton Stream Winton at Benmore 15044613Cawthron ES Winton Stream Winton at Lady 15050132ES ES Mataura River Mataura River at Gore 15049205ES ES Mataura River Mataura River at Tuturau 15054675ES ES Mataura River Mataura River at Wyndham 15057604ES ES Meadow Burn Meadow Burn at McMath Road 15041324ES ES Meadow Burn Meadow Burn at Round Hill Road 15042935ES ES Oteramika Stream Oteramika Stream at Seaward Downs 15058925ES ES Sandstone Stream Sandstone Stream u/s Waimea 15043518ES ES Waihopai River Waihopai River at Kennington 15059584ES ES Waihopai River Waihopai River at Waihopai Dam 15059498ES ES Waimatuku Stream Waimatuku at Waimatuku Township 15057950ES ES Waimatuku Stream Waimatuku Stream at Isla Bank-Fairfax ES ES Waimatuku Stream Waimatuku Stream at Lorneville Riverton 15057733ES ES Waimatuku Stream Waimatuku Stream at Otautau 15053059ES ES Waimea Stream Waimea Stream at Mandeville 15044764ES ES Waituna Creek Waituna Creek at Marshall Road 15061707GWRC GWRC Carters Reserve SouthGWRC GWRC Castlepoint South Bottom of Trial 9005887GWRC GWRC Dock Creek Dock Creek at U/S Otakura Junction 9011882GWRC GWRC Enaki Stream Enaki Stream D/S site for Riparian 9007826GWRC GWRC Gollans Stream Gollans Stream at Boardwalk 9015773GWRC GWRC Gollans Stream Gollans Stream Upstream of Boardwalk 9015773GWRC GWRC Horokiri Stream Horokiri Stream at Snodgrass 9009035GWRC GWRC Hutt River Hutt River at Birchville 9009572GWRC GWRC Hutt River Hutt River at Kaitoke Weir 9008427GWRC GWRC Hutt River Hutt River at Taita Gorge 9010876GWRC GWRC Hutt River Hutt River at Te Marua 9009042GWRC GWRC Kaiwharawhara Stream Kaiwharawhara Stream at Ngaio Gorge 9013489GWRC GWRC Kopuaranga River Kopuaranga River at Stuarts 9004627GWRC GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere at Andersons Line 9007221GWRC GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere at McLennans 9008429GWRC GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere at Waiohine Confluence 9008915GWRC GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere River at State Highway 2 9008718GWRC GWRC Ngarara Stream Ngarara Stream at Field Way 9003353GWRC GWRC Otakura Stream Otakura Stream at Weir 9011962GWRC GWRC Papawai Stream Papawai Stream at U/S Oxi Pond Confl 9009840GWRC GWRC Parkvale Stream Parkvale Stream at Hughes Line 9006664GWRC GWRC Parkvale Stream Parkvale Stream at Renalls Weir 9009215GWRC GWRC Parkvale Trib. Parkvale tributary at Lowes Reserve 9006995GWRC GWRC Porirua Stream Porirua Stream at Town Centre 9010499GWRC GWRC Taueru River Taueru River at Gladstone 9009016GWRC GWRC Taueru River Taueru River at Te Whiti Rd Bridge 9009016GWRC GWRC Wainuiomata River Wainuiomata River at Manuka Track 9013597



GWRC GWRC Waipoua River Waipoua River at Colombo Rd Bridge 9006301GWRC GWRC Whangaehu River Whangaehu River at 250m from 9007113GWRC GWRC Whareroa Stream Whareroa Stream at QE Park 9005972Cawthron HBRC Papanui Stream BottomR1 8028567Cawthron HBRC Papanui Stream BottomR2 8029023Cawthron HBRC Mangaonuku stream Mangaonuku 8029835Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T1 8030655Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T10 8028750Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T11 8027878Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T12 8026864Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T13 8026101Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T2 8031119Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T3 8030990Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T4 8031015Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T5 8030895Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T6 8031047Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T7 8030794Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T8 8030511Cawthron HBRC Tukituki River T9 8030021Cawthron HBRC Tukipo River TKO 8030893Cawthron HBRC Papanui Stream TopR1 8029148Cawthron HBRC Papanui Stream TopR2 8028669Cawthron HBRC Waipawa River W1 8030560Cawthron HBRC Waipawa River W2 8030870Cawthron HBRC Waipawa River WSH50 8028989HBRC HBRC Awanui Stream Awanui Stream at Flume 8026385HBRC HBRC Awanui Stream Awanui Stream at Turamoe Road 8026184HBRC HBRC Herehere Stream Herehere Stream at TeAute Road 8026084HBRC HBRC Irongate Stream Irongate Stream at Riverslea Road 8025924HBRC HBRC Karamu Stream Karamu Stream at Floodgates 8025077HBRC HBRC Karewarewa Stream Karewarewa Stream at Paki 8026382HBRC HBRC Karewarewa Stream Karewarewa Stream at Turamoe Road 8026286HBRC HBRC Louisa Stream Louisa Stream at Te Aute Road 8026172HBRC HBRC Mangateretere Stream Mangateretere Stream at Napier Road 8025062HBRC HBRC Mareakakaho Stream Maraekakaho Stream D/S Tait Rd 8025558HBRC HBRC Papanui Stream Papanui Stream at Middle Road 8029023HBRC HBRC Papanui Stream Papanui Stream at Newmans Ford 8029386HBRC HBRC Poukawa Stream Poukawa Stream at Stock Road 8026454HBRC HBRC Raupare Drain Raupare Drain at Ormond Road 8024854HBRC HBRC Ruahapia Stream Ruahapia Stream at Show Grounds 8025385HBRC HBRC Taharua Stream Taharua Stream at Henrys Bridge 8010530HBRC HBRC Taipo Stream Taipo Stream at Church Road 8023742HBRC HBRC Te Waikaha Te Waikaha at Mutiny Road 8026806HBRC HBRC Tukituki River Tukituki at Red Bridge 8026822HBRC HBRC Tutaekuri-Waimate Stream Tutaekuri Waimate Stmat Chesterhope 8024777HBRC HBRC Tutaekuri-Waimate Stream Tutaekuri Waimate Stmat Goods Bridge 8024517HBRC HBRC Waitio Stream Waitio Stream at Ohiti Road 8024883Cawthron HRC Hautapu River Hautapu at Alabsters 7023817Cawthron HRC Hautapu River Hautapu us Rangitikei Conflu 7026047Cawthron HRC Kahuterawa Stream Kahuterawa at Johnstons Rata 7041729Cawthron HRC Kumeti Stream Kumeti at Te Rehunga 7036367Cawthron HRC Makakahi River Makakahi at Hamua 7044946



Cawthron HRC Makotuku River Makotuku at Raetihi 7017142Cawthron HRC Makotuku River Makotuku ds Raetihi STP 7017619Cawthron HRC Makotuku River Makotuku us Raetihi STP 7017619Cawthron HRC Makuri River Makuri at Tuscan Hills 7044151Cawthron HRC Manakau Stream Manakau at SH1 Bridge 7048887Cawthron HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Hopelands 7039708Cawthron HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Opiki Bridge 7041173Cawthron HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Teachers College 7039931Cawthron HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Upper Gorge 7039002Cawthron HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Weber Rd 7037199Cawthron HRC Manawatu River Manawatu ds PNCC STP 7040389Cawthron HRC Manawatu River Manawatu us PNCC STP 7040210Cawthron HRC Mangaatua Stream Mangaatua ds Woodville STP 7039403Cawthron HRC Mangaatua Stream Mangaatua us Woodville STP 7039409Cawthron HRC Mangahao River Mangahao at Balance 7041259Cawthron HRC Mangapapa Stream Mangapapa at Troup Rd Bridge 7039229Cawthron HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka at Putara 7048086Cawthron HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka at SH2 7041260Cawthron HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka ds DB Breweries 7041260Cawthron HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka ds Pahiatua STP 7041605Cawthron HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka us Pahiatua STP 7041637Cawthron HRC Mangatera Stream Mangatera confluence at Timb 7037051Cawthron HRC Mangatera Stream Mangatera ds Dannevirke STP 7036883Cawthron HRC Mangatera Stream Mangatera us Dannevirke STP 7036883Cawthron HRC Mangatoro River Mangatoro at Mangahei Rd 7037306Cawthron HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero at DoC Headquarter 7016679Cawthron HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero at Pakihi Rd Bridg 7017464Cawthron HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero at Raupiu Rd 7024561Cawthron HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero ds Ohakune STP 7016830Cawthron HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero us Ohakune STP 7016830Cawthron HRC Ohau River Ohau at Gladstone Reserve 7047475Cawthron HRC Ohau River Ohau at Haines Farm 7047460Cawthron HRC Oroua River Oroua at Almadale Slackline 7035276Cawthron HRC Oroua River Oroua at Apiti Gorge Bridge 7030701Cawthron HRC Oroua River Oroua at Awahuri Bridge 7037684Cawthron HRC Oroua River Oroua ds Feilding STP 7037436Cawthron HRC Oroua River Oroua us Feilding STP 7037436Cawthron HRC Oruakeretaki Stream Oruakeretaki at SH2 7037487Cawthron HRC Pohangina River Pohangina at Mais Reach 7036595Cawthron HRC Pohangina River Pohangina at Piripiri 7033068Cawthron HRC Porewa Stream Porewa at Onepuhi Rd 7033173Cawthron HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Mangaweka 7027408Cawthron HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at McKelvies 7037966Cawthron HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Onepuhi 7033375Cawthron HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Pukeokahu 7023107Cawthron HRC Raparapawai Stream Raparapawai at Jackson Rd 7038868Cawthron HRC Tamaki River Tamaki at Reserve 7034557Cawthron HRC Tamaki River Tamaki at Stephensons 7037329Cawthron HRC Tiraumea River Tiraumea at Ngaturi 7042157Cawthron HRC Tokomaru River Tokomaru at Horseshoe bend 7042760Cawthron HRC Turakina River Turakina at Oneils Bridge 7032196Cawthron HRC Waikawa Stream Waikawa at Huritini 7048050



Cawthron HRC Waikawa Stream Waikawa at Nth Manakau Road 7048450HRC HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Hopelands 7039708HRC HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Teachers College 7039931HRC HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Weber Rd 7037199HRC HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka at Pahiatua Town Br 7041713HRC HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Mangaweka 7027408HRC HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Onepuhi 7033375Cawthron MDC Foote 11016947Cawthron MDC Murray 11017326Cawthron MDC Wairau River Pa 11016544MDC MDC Murphys Murphys Creek at Nelson Street 11018883Cawthron NCC Maitai River Avon 10010938Cawthron NCC Maitai River Campground 10011156Cawthron NCC Maitai River Dennes 10010997Cawthron NCC Maitai River Site B 10011665Cawthron NCC Maitai River South Br 10011665NRC NRC Mangere Stream Mangere@Knights Rd 1017791NRC NRC Mangere Stream Mangere@Pukenui Forest 1018174Cawthron ORC Three O'Clock Stream 3O'Clock 14051837Cawthron ORC Big Stream Big 14057751Cawthron ORC Catlins River Catlins 14072848Cawthron ORC Hawea River Hawea 14011901Cawthron ORC Kye Burn Kyeburn 14022796Cawthron ORC Lee Stream Lee 14058655Cawthron ORC Matukiyuki River Matukitu 14011802Cawthron ORC Unnamed Stream McHardies 14050105Cawthron ORC Maclennan River Mclennan 14073369Cawthron ORC Pomahaka River Pomahaka 14062077Cawthron ORC Powder Creek Powder 14058904Cawthron ORC Taieri River tributary Spillers 14051466Cawthron ORC Stony Creek Stony 14052098Cawthron ORC Sutton Stream Sutton 14052706Cawthron ORC Sutton Stream Sutton us Taieri confluence 14052434Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri at Canadian Flats 14050626Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri at Serpentine Flats 14048641Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri at Spillers 14051733Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Big confluence 14057322Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Deep confluence 14055711Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Kyeburn confluence 14035481Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Lee confluence 14060030Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Nenthorn confluence 14053234Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Paerau Weir 14045457Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Silver 14062074Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Sutton confluence 14052435Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Traquir confluence 14060952Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Big confluence 14057233Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Deep confluence 14055527Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Kyeburn confluence 14035228Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Lee confluence 14059880Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Loganburn confluence 14047063Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Nenthorn confluence 14053220Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Paerau Weir 14046197



Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Silver 14062066Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Sutton confluence 14052183Cawthron ORC Taieri River Taieri us Traquir confluence 14060746Cawthron ORC Traquair Burn Traquir us Taieri confluence 14060867Cawthron ORC Healy Creek Trip A 14023208Cawthron ORC Clutha River Upper_Cl 14014868Cawthron TDC Wangapeka River DART 10015764Cawthron TDC Granity Creek Granity 10017470Cawthron TDC Motueka River Hinetai 10012975Cawthron TDC McConnon McConnell Creek 10002767Cawthron TDC Motupipi Motupipi @ Reilly's 10002617Cawthron TDC Motupipi Motupipi u/s Watercress 10002611Cawthron TDC Powell Powell Ck @ Glenview Rd 10002837Cawthron TDC Powell Powell Ck @ Reillys Crossing 10002678Cawthron TDC Motupiko River Quinneys 10016882Cawthron TDC Rainy River Rainylower 10022290Cawthron TDC Rainy River RainyUp 10024415Cawthron TDC Rolling River ROLLING 10016606Cawthron TDC Te Kakau Stm @ Feary Cr reserve 10002421Cawthron TDC Te Kakau Stm @ Haldane Rd 10002421Cawthron TDC Wangapeka River Walters 10013212Cawthron TDC Motueka River Woodmans 10007483Cawthron TDC Motueka River Woodstock 10010720TDC TDC Dove River HY Dove at Motueka Confl 10010685TDC TDC Motueka River tributary HY Old School at u-s confl 10015669TDC TDC RW Berrydowns at Coll-Bain Rd 10000924TDC TDC RW Borck @ 400m ds Queen St 10012612TDC TDC Burton Ale Creek RW Burton Ale @ Collingwd-Bainhm Rd 10000596TDC TDC RW Hinehaka Ck at 200m u-s Buller 12010739TDC TDC RW Horton Vly Stm @ d-s Preece 10009372TDC TDC RW Jimmy Lee @ d-s Hill St 10013486TDC TDC RW Kayak School at Grey StTDC TDC RW Little Sydney @ d-s SH60 10006483TDC TDC Little Sydney RW Little Sydney @ Factory Rd 10006483TDC TDC RW Little Sydney @ u-s Johnson Barrier 10006778TDC TDC MacKay Creek RW MacKay @ Coll-Bainham Rd 10000886TDC TDC MacKay Creek RW MacKay @ ford 50m u-s Kaituna 10000840TDC TDC MacKay Creek RW MacKay at d-s Gillies Rd 10000981TDC TDC McConnon RW McConnon @ 20m u-s Powell 10002767TDC TDC Motupipi River RW Motupipi @ 20m u-s Watercress 10002611TDC TDC Motupipi River RW Motupipi @ Reillys Br 10002617TDC TDC Moutere River RW Moutere @ Edwards Rd 10008668TDC TDC Moutere River RW Moutere @ Kelling Rd 10010573TDC TDC RW Old House @ Central Rd 10009690TDC TDC Onahau River RW Onahau @ Onahau Rd 10001838TDC TDC Orinoco Creek RW Orinoco @ 800m u-s Motueka Rv 10009458TDC TDC Powell RW Powell @ 40m u-s Motupipi Rv 10002678TDC TDC Powell RW Powell @ Glenview Rd 10002837TDC TDC Reservoir Creek RW Reservoir Ck @ 20m d-s Salisbury 10012892TDC TDC Reservoir Creek RW Reservoir Ck @ Marlborough Cr 10013355TDC TDC Riwaka River RW Riwaka @ Hickmotts 10006407TDC TDC Riwaka River RW Riwaka @ Northbranch Source 10005780



TDC TDC RW Rosedale @ Old House Rd 10009961TDC TDC Seaton Vly RW Seaton Vly @ Stafford Dr 10010329TDC TDC RW Seaton Vly Stm @ Andersons 10010207TDC TDC Stanley Brook RW Stanley Brk @ Barkers 10012290TDC TDC Tasman RW Tasman @ u-s Jesters Hse 10009235TDC TDC RW Te Kakau @ Haldane Rd 10002421TDC TDC RW Te Kakau Stm @ Feary Cr 10002421TDC TDC Waiwhero RW Waiwhero @ Cemetery 10008992WCRC WCRC Burkes Creek Burkes Ck @ SH69 August 2012 12019493WCRC WCRC Crooked River Crooked Bell Hill sonde.xlsx 12031538WCRC WCRC Crooked River Crooked Rv at Te Kinga sonde.xlsx 12031043WCRC WCRC Deep Creek Deep Ck sonde data.xlsx 12030132WCRC WCRC Duck Creek duck ck feb 13th 2015.xlsx 12035323WCRC WCRC Harris Creek Harris Ck Data 13thfeb2015.xlsx 12035613WCRC WCRC Mawheraiti River Mawheraiti @ Mawheraiti Feb 2013 12022404WCRC WCRC Molloy Creek Molloy Ck sonde data.xlsx 12030133WCRC WCRC Murray Creek Murray Ck NOV 06 sonde.xlsx 12035723WCRC WCRC Okutua Creek Okutua.xlsx 12041401WCRC WCRC Pensini Creek Pensini Ck 2012 sonde.xlsx 12010973WCRC WCRC Pigeon Ck September 2012 sonde.xlsx 12032486WCRC WCRC Puzzle Creek Puzzle Ck Nov 2012 sonde.xlsx 12031618WCRC WCRC Unnamed Creek Unnamed Ck data and graphs.xlsx 12040935WCRC WCRC Vickers Creek VICKERS CK 2007 sonde.xlsx 12040989WCRC WCRC Vickers Creek Vickers Ck data and graphs.xlsx 12040989Cawthron WRC Mangaokewa Stream Mangaokewa 1 3032419Cawthron WRC Mangaokewa Stream Mangaokewa 2 3031564Cawthron WRC Mangaokewa Stream Mangaokewa 3 3031276Cawthron WRC Mangaokewa Stream Mangaokewa 4 3030664Cawthron WRC Mangaokewa Stream Mangaokewa 5 3028808NIWA_GMcB WRC Mangapiko Stream Bowmans Road 3022010NIWA_GMcB WRC Mangapiko Stream Site 1 Mangapiko Stream 3022620NIWA_GMcB WRC Mangapiko Stream Site 2UPSTREAM of WWTP 3022524NIWA_GMcB WRC Mangapiko Stream Site_6_Pironga 3022149NIWA_GMcB WRC Mangapiko Stream Site4_Quarry 3022326NIWA_GMcB WRC Mangapiko Stream WWTP mixed zone 3022334NIWA_JN WRC Piako River Piako At Kiwitahi Recorder 3016134NIWA_JN WRC Piako River Piako River At Morrinsville (above SH26 3015147NIWA_JN WRC Toenepi Stream Toenepi at Tahuroa Road 3016214NIWA_JN WRC Topehaehae Stream Topehaehae at Taharoa Road 3016344NIWA_JN WRC Topehaehae Stream Topehaehae turb site 1 3017910NIWA_JN WRC Waihou River Waihou River at TeAroha 3013014NIWA_JN WRC Whakapipi Stream Whakapipi at Buckland Road Bridge 3006346NIWA_JN WRC Whenuakite River Whenuakite River 1km d/s of SH25 3002093NIWA_JN WRC Whenuakite River Whenuakite River at SH25 3002163NIWA_JQ WRC Piako River Piako_Golf_4 3014630NIWA_JQ WRC Piako River Piako_SH26 3014966NIWA_JQ WRC Piako River Piako_site 3_Haumia rd 3013766NIWA_PF WRC Mangawhero Stream Mangawhero 3018255NIWA_PF WRC Ohinemuri River Ohinemuri 3009720NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Okauia 3017986NIWA_PF WRC Oraka Stream Oraka 3021492NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Pekapeka 3008062



NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Puke Bridge 3008980NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Shaftesbury 3014584NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Te Aroha 3013103NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Tirohia 3010921NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Turua 3005132NIWA_PF WRC Waihou River Wharf Road 3006267WRC WRC Waiwawa River 1818 Tairua Whitianga Rd (SH25) 3002209WRC WRC Waikato River 2.1km D/S of HCC WWTP outfall TL 3016182WRC WRC Waikato River 2.8km D/S of Huntly outfall TL 3012254WRC WRC Waikato River 200m D/S of HCC WWTP outfall TL 3016533WRC WRC Waikato River 300m U/S of HCC WWTP Outfall TR 3016614WRC WRC Waikato River 300m U/S of Huntly outfall TL 3012472WRC WRC Waikato River 5.4km D/S of Huntly outfall TL 3011766WRC WRC Waikato River 500m D/S of Waipa Confluence True 3014975WRC WRC Waikato River 500m D/S of Waipa Confluence True 3014975WRC WRC Waikato River 700m D/S of HCC WWTP outfall TL 3016448WRC WRC Wharekawa River 900m D/S From SH Bridge Across River 3004521WRC WRC Whenuakite River Consented Site Whenuanui Farm Ltd 3002163WRC WRC Waikato River D/S Of Ohakuri Power Station Site-016 3039196WRC WRC Wentworth River Golf Course Footbridge 3005772WRC WRC Waikato River Hamilton Traffic Br 3017901WRC WRC Komakorau Stream Henry Rd 3014466WRC WRC Whenuakite River Hot Water Beach Upstream Side 3002156WRC WRC Waikato River Huka Jet Jetty 3042571WRC WRC Waikato River Huntly D/S-1 True Left 3012472WRC WRC Whangamarino River Island Block Rd 3007681WRC WRC Waipa River Livingston Rd (Off Findlayson) Site-030 3019120WRC WRC Waikato River Ngaruawahia Cableway 3014975WRC WRC Waikato River Ngaruawahia D/S-1 True Left 3014975WRC WRC Waikato River Ngaruawahia D/S-1 True Right 3014975WRC WRC Unnamed Trib NZR08704-051 3033996WRC WRC Tongariro River NZR08704-084WRC WRC Waikato River Off Broadlands Road Site-001 3041932WRC WRC Waipa River Off Otewa Rd Otorohanga Site-015 3027196WRC WRC Waipa River Off Point Rd Site-014 3017669WRC WRC Komakorau Stream Off Waring Rd Site-003 3014133WRC WRC Waikato River Ohaaki Bridge 3039804WRC WRC Whangape Stream Rangiriri-Glen Murray Rd 3010847WRC WRC Waikato River Reids Farm 3043220WRC WRC Waikato River River Boat Jetty Taupo 3042639WRC WRC Tongariro River River Delta off Grace Road Site-005 3048276WRC WRC Whenuakite River Road Marker #80 Tairua Whitianga Rd 3002163WRC WRC Whakapipi Stream SH22 Br 3006346WRC WRC Waikato River Site-032 3039371WRC WRC Waikato River Site-039 3035302WRC WRC Waipa River Site-043 3022910WRC WRC Waikato River Site-046 3020093WRC WRC Waipa River Site-047 3017234WRC WRC Waikato River Site-048 3038355WRC WRC Waihou River Site-050 3018894WRC WRC Waikato River Site 39 Collier & Lill 2008 3014953WRC WRC Whangamaroro River Tairua Whitianga Rd (SH25) 3001579



WRC WRC Waikato River The Elbow 3006937WRC WRC Whareroa(Kennedy Bay Tidal Reach RBR TDO-2050 3000538WRC WRC Waikato River Transect 2 True Left 3017194WRC WRC Waikato River Transect 2 True Right 3017194WRC WRC Waikato River Transect 3 True Left 3016614WRC WRC Waikato River Transect 4 True Left 3016182WRC WRC Waikato River Transect 5 True Right 3015814WRC WRC Waikato River Transect 6 True Left 3015510WRC WRC Waikato River Transect 6 True Right 3015510WRC WRC Waikato River U/S Of Ohakuri Power Station Site-017 3040600WRC WRC Waikato River U/S Of Whangamarino confluence Site- 3006806WRC WRC Waikawau River Waikawau Beach Rd Just Sth of 1 Lane 3000337WRC WRC Mangatutu Stream Walker Rd Br 3024473WRC WRC Whirinaki Stream Whirinaki Valley Road Bridge 3033604


Appendix C Spot DO

Table C-6: Duration of spot DO records (2000 onwards) by region.

Data in the 14-year column are NRWQN sites (n=77).

Duration (years ) of spot DO record (2000-)

region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

AC 7 1 1 1 19 2

BOP 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 8 6

ECAN 3 38 4 9 21 4 22 10

ES 7 7 3 15 35 6

EW 1 1 3 7 96 8

GDC 3

GWRC 1 52 5

HBRC 1 3 3 8 2 2 20 8 6

HRC 5 9 19 12 10 3 5 5 2 9 7

MDC 1 5 3 2 6 4 4 3 1 2 2

NCC 27

NRC 1 12 3 3 3 4 5 4

ORC 9 4 1 3 2 3 20 8

TDC 9 1 9 10 8 4 2 3

TRC 10 3

WCRC 20 13 4


Table C-7: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region and REC climate classes.

region No. sites (n)

cool dry (CD)

cool wet (CW)

cool ex. wet

(CX)

warm dry

(WD)

warm wet

(WW)

warm ex. Wet (WXW)

AC 31 10 21BOP 27 17 1 8 1CCC 1 1ECAN 110 70 31 6 3ES 73 40 30 3GDC 3 2 1GWRC 58 3 38 7 2 8HBRC 53 4 26 1 10 11 1HRC 86 8 69 2 6 1MDC 33 9 17 4 3NCC 27 1 26NRC 35 34 1ORC 50 38 8 4TDC 46 27 10 3 5 1TRC 13 5 6 1 1WCRC 37 2 34 1WRC 116 41 3 6 64 2

total 799 174 339 81 43 155 7% of 22% 42% 10% 5% 19% 1%

Table C-8: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region and REC topography class.


Mountain (M)

Hill (H) Low elevation

(L)

Lake (Lk)

AC 31 31BOP 27 14 6 7ECAN 111 12 39 58 2ES 73 1 18 49 5GDC 3 2 1GWRC 58 16 42HBRC 53 1 22 29 1HRC 86 5 37 43 1MDC 33 3 11 19NCC 27 8 19NRC 35 1 33 1ORC 50 6 21 17 6TDC 46 2 25 19TRC 13 6 7WCRC 37 1 6 27 3WRC 116 1 29 71 15


total 799 32 255 471 41% of total 100% 4% 32% 59% 5%

Table C-9: Distribution of spot DO sites (n=799) by region and REC dominant land cover class.


Natural (N)

Exotic forest (EF)

Pasture (P)

Urban (U)

Wetland (W)

AC 31 4 2 16 9BOP 27 10 6 11ECAN 111 28 79 4ES 73 18 1 51 1 2GDC 3 3GWRC 58 24 1 29 4HBRC 53 12 1 39 1HRC 86 12 74MDC 33 18 2 12 1NCC 27 11 9 4 3NRC 35 5 3 25 2ORC 50 15 32 3TDC 46 23 3 20TRC 13 4 9WCRC 37 20 17WRC 116 17 6 90 3

total 799 221 34 511 31 2% of total 28% 4% 64% 4% 0.3%


Appendix D Analysis of continuous data

Table D-10: DO minimum and corresponding NOF-1d band for continuous DO sites (n=368).

For sites with multiple years (summer periods) of monitoring data, the minimum, maximum and median value for the annual DO minima are given. For multiyear sites, the NOF-1d value is based on the median of annual (Nov-Apr) DO minima. Note that for single year sites the min, max and median are all the same value.

RC River/stream site Min. DO min

Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

AC Ararimu River Ararimu River @ Old North Rd Bridge 2.4 5.8 3.8 D

AC Kaukapakapa River Kaukapakapa @ Taylors 1.4 6.3 2.5 D

AC Kumeu River Kumeu @ Maddrens Weir 0.0 4.7 0.3 D

ECAN Avon River Avon bottom avondale road 3.9 3.9 3.9 D

ECAN Avon River Avon mid at Swanns road bridge 2.5 2.5 2.5 D

ECAN Heathcote River Heathcote bottom railway bridge 2.2 2.2 2.2 D

ES Meadow Burn Meadow Burn at Round Hill Road 3.2 3.2 3.2 D

ES Sandstone Stream Sandstone Stream u/s Waimea confluence 2.0 4.4 3.2 D

ES Tussock Creek Tussock 1.9 1.9 1.9 D

ES Waituna Creek Waituna Creek at Marshall Road 2.9 2.9 2.9 D

ES Winton Stream Oreti R trib 3.8 3.8 3.8 D

GWRC Dock Creek Dock Creek at U/S Otakura Junction 3.8 3.8 3.8 D

GWRC Gollans Stream Gollans Stream at Boardwalk 0.0 0.0 0.0 D

GWRC Ngarara Stream Ngarara Stream at Field Way 0.0 0.0 0.0 D

GWRC Parkvale Stream Parkvale Stream at Hughes Line 1.9 1.9 1.9 D

GWRC Parkvale Stream Parkvale Stream at Renalls Weir 0.8 5.8 1.3 D

GWRC Whangaehu River Whangaehu River at 250m from Confluence 2.8 2.8 2.8 D

GWRC Whareroa Stream Whareroa Stream at QE Park 4.0 4.0 4.0 D

HBRC Awanui Stream Awanui Stream at Flume 0.0 0.0 0.0 D

HBRC Awanui Stream Awanui Stream at Turamoe Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 D

HBRC Irongate Stream Irongate Stream at Riverslea Road 0.5 0.5 0.5 D

HBRC Karamu Stream Karamu Stream at Floodgates 1.3 1.3 1.3 D

HBRC Karewarewa Stream Karewarewa Stream at Paki Paki 1.5 1.5 1.5 D

HBRC Karewarewa Stream Karewarewa Stream at Turamoe Road 0.7 0.7 0.7 D

HBRC Louisa Stream Louisa Stream at Te Aute Road 3.2 3.7 3.5 D

HBRC Papanui Stream BottomR1 0.9 0.9 0.9 D

HBRC Papanui Stream BottomR2 3.8 3.8 3.8 D



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

HBRC Papanui Stream Papanui Stream at Middle Road 0.1 0.1 0.1 D

HBRC Papanui Stream Papanui Stream at Newmans Ford 1.6 1.6 1.6 D

HBRC Papanui Stream TopR1 1.9 1.9 1.9 D

HBRC Papanui Stream TopR2 3.4 3.7 3.5 D

HBRC Poukawa Stream Poukawa Stream at Stock Road 0.9 0.9 0.9 D

HBRC Raupare Drain Raupare Drain at Ormond Road 3.6 4.2 3.9 D

HBRC Taipo Stream Taipo Stream at Church Road 0.5 0.5 0.5 D

HBRC Tukituki River T11 4.0 4.0 4.0 D

MDC (blank) Foote 2.8 2.8 2.8 D

TDC MacKay Creek RW MacKay @ Coll-Bainham Rd 1.7 1.7 1.7 D

TDC McConnon McConnell Creek 1.3 1.3 1.3 D

TDC Motupipi Motupipi @ Reilly's 3.6 3.6 3.6 D

TDC Motupipi Motupipi u/s Watercress 1.2 1.2 1.2 D

TDC Motupipi River RW Motupipi @ Reillys Br 3.5 3.6 3.5 D

TDC Powell Powell Ck @ Reillys Crossing 0.7 0.7 0.7 D

TDC Powell RW Powell @ 40m u-s Motupipi Rv 0.7 0.7 0.7 D

TDC Tasman RW Tasman @ u-s Jesters Hse 1.7 1.7 1.7 D

TDC Waiwhero RW Waiwhero @ Cemetery 2.3 2.3 2.3 D

TDC (blank) RW Borck @ 400m ds Queen St 3.9 3.9 3.9 D

TDC (blank) RW Horton Vly Stm @ d-s Preece Wetland 1.4 1.4 1.4 D

WRC Piako River Piako_site 3_Haumia rd 3.4 3.4 3.4 D

WRC Tongariro River NZR08704-084 0.5 0.5 0.5 D

WRC Topehaehae Stream Topehaehae at Taharoa Road 3.3 3.3 3.3 D

WRC Whakapipi Stream SH22 Br 3.4 3.4 3.4 D

WRC Whenuakite River Hot Water Beach Upstream Side 3.3 3.3 3.3 D

AC Kaipara River Kaipara River @ Waimauku 1.2 5.9 4.4 C

AC Ngakoroa Stream Ngakoroa Stream @ Mill Rd 2.4 6.4 4.1 C

BOP Tarawera River Tarawera at Matata 4.9 4.9 4.9 C

ECAN Heathcote River Heathcote Curtletts 4.1 4.1 4.1 C

ES Waihopai River Waihopai River at Kennington 3.4 5.7 4.6 C

GWRC Papawai Stream Papawai Stream at U/S Oxi Pond Confl 4.0 6.0 4.8 C

HBRC Mangateretere Stream

Mangateretere Stream at Napier Road 4.4 4.4 4.4 C

HBRC Tutaekuri-Waimate Tutaekuri Waimate Stmat Chesterhope 4.9 4.9 4.9 C



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

Stream

WCRC Unnamed Creek Unnamed Ck data and graphs.xlsx 4.1 4.1 4.1 C

WRC Mangapiko Stream Site 2UPSTREAM of WWTP 4.8 4.8 4.8 C

WRC Mangapiko Stream Site4_Quarry 4.0 4.0 4.0 C

WRC Piako River Piako_SH26 4.3 4.3 4.3 C

WRC Waihou River Turua 4.2 4.2 4.2 C

WRC Waihou River Wharf Road 4.8 4.8 4.8 C

WRC Whangape Stream Rangiriri-Glen Murray Rd 2.3 4.7 4.3 C

AC Hoteo River Hoteo River @ Gubbs 5.6 7.3 6.4 B

AC Opanuku Stream Opanuku Stream @ Candia Road Bridge 2.7 7.3 6.0 B

AC Wairoa River Wairoa River @ Tourist Road 4.5 7.8 6.9 B

AC (blank) Mahurangi Argonaut @ College 6.0 7.2 6.4 B

BOP Tarawera River Tarawera at Awakaponga 3.6 6.8 5.6 B

ECAN Cam River Cam R trib 6.1 6.1 6.1 B

ECAN Dudley Creek Dudley Creek 6.8 6.8 6.8 B

ECAN Heathcote River Heathcote Rose 5.2 5.2 5.2 B

ECAN Ilam Stream Ham 6.5 6.5 6.5 B

ECAN Kaputone Creek Kaputone 5.5 5.5 5.5 B

ECAN Otukaikino Creek Otukaikino 5.4 5.4 5.4 B

ECAN Styx River Styx at Gardiners 5.4 5.4 5.4 B

ECAN Styx River Styx at Radcliffe 7.5 7.5 7.5 B

ECAN Styx River Styx trib at Gardiners 5.6 5.6 5.6 B

ECAN Taranaki Creek Ashley R trib 6.2 6.2 6.2 B

ECAN Waikuku Stream Waikuku 7.4 7.4 7.4 B

ECAN Wairarapa Stream Avon trib at Elmwood Park 6.2 6.2 6.2 B

ECAN Wairarapa Stream Wairarapa at Ilam 6.9 6.9 6.9 B

ES Hedgehope Stream Hedgehope 7.3 7.3 7.3 B

ES Makarewa River Makarewa at Lora 6.8 6.8 6.8 B

ES Mataura River Mataura River at Tuturau 2.3 8.3 5.4 B

ES Mataura River Mataura River at Wyndham 5.5 7.0 6.3 B

ES Otapiri Stream Otapiri at Andersons 7.0 7.0 7.0 B

ES Waihopai River Waihopai River at Waihopai Dam 5.5 5.5 5.5 B

ES Waimatuku Stream Waimatuku at Waimatuku Township Road 3.9 6.6 5.6 B



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

ES Winton Stream Winton at Benmore 6.8 6.8 6.8 B

ES Winton Stream Winton at Lady 7.0 7.0 7.0 B

GWRC Horokiri Stream Horokiri Stream at Snodgrass 6.3 8.0 7.5 B

GWRC Kopuaranga River Kopuaranga River at Stuarts 5.2 7.1 6.5 B

GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere at McLennans 6.9 6.9 6.9 B

GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere at Waiohine Confluence 5.4 5.4 5.4 B

GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere River at State Highway 2 4.6 10.4 7.5 B

GWRC Otakura Stream Otakura Stream at Weir 6.7 6.7 6.7 B

GWRC Parkvale Trib. Parkvale tributary at Lowes Reserve 5.3 5.3 5.3 B

GWRC Taueru River Taueru River at Gladstone 6.5 6.5 6.5 B

HBRC Herehere Stream Herehere Stream at TeAute Road 6.0 6.0 6.0 B

HBRC Mangaonuku stream

Mangaonuku 6.8 6.8 6.8 B

HBRC Mareakakaho Stream

Maraekakaho Stream D/S Tait Rd 7.2 7.2 7.2 B

HBRC Tukituki River T10 5.6 7.4 7.2 B




HBRC Tukituki River Tukituki at Red Bridge 5.0 6.0 5.5 B

HBRC Tutaekuri-Waimate Stream

Tutaekuri Waimate Stmat Goods Bridge 6.1 6.1 6.1 B

HBRC Waitio Stream Waitio Stream at Ohiti Road 5.2 5.2 5.2 B

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Hopelands 3.2 8.1 5.7 B

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Teachers College 6.4 8.8 6.8 B

HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka at Pahiatua Town Br 3.7 8.9 5.0 B

HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka ds DB Breweries 7.3 7.3 7.3 B

HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Onepuhi 4.8 9.1 7.4 B

MDC Wairau River Pa 5.4 5.4 5.4 B

MDC (blank) Murray 6.1 6.1 6.1 B

NCC Maitai River Avon 6.3 6.3 6.3 B

NCC Maitai River Campground 6.0 6.0 6.0 B

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Kyeburn confluence 7.1 7.1 7.1 B

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Kyeburn confluence 7.4 7.4 7.4 B



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Loganburn confluence 6.9 6.9 6.9 B

TDC MacKay Creek RW MacKay @ ford 50m u-s Kaituna 5.4 5.4 5.4 B

TDC Moutere River RW Moutere @ Kelling Rd 6.7 6.7 6.7 B

TDC Onahau River RW Onahau @ Onahau Rd 6.7 6.7 6.7 B

TDC Stanley Brook RW Stanley Brk @ Barkers 6.0 6.0 6.0 B

TDC (blank) RW Little Sydney @ d-s SH60 6.8 6.8 6.8 B

TDC (blank) RW Rosedale @ Old House Rd 5.0 5.0 5.0 B

WCRC Duck Creek duck ck feb 13th 2015.xlsx 5.3 5.3 5.3 B

WCRC Harris Creek Harris Ck Data 13thfeb2015.xlsx 6.6 6.6 6.6 B

WCRC Murray Creek Murray Ck NOV 06 sonde.xlsx 5.8 5.8 5.8 B

WCRC Puzzle Creek Puzzle Ck Nov 2012 sonde.xlsx 6.9 7.1 7.0 B

WCRC Vickers Creek Vickers Ck data and graphs.xlsx 6.0 6.0 6.0 B

WRC Mangaokewa Stream

Mangaokewa 2 7.3 7.3 7.3 B





WRC Mangapiko Stream Site_6_Pironga 6.1 6.1 6.1 B

WRC Toenepi Stream Toenepi at Tahuroa Road 6.6 6.6 6.6 B

WRC Waihou River Pekapeka 6.6 6.6 6.6 B

WRC Waihou River Shaftesbury 5.3 5.3 5.3 B

WRC Waikato River The Elbow 4.4 11.5 7.5 B

WRC Whangamaroro River

Tairua Whitianga Rd (SH25) 7.0 7.0 7.0 B

WRC Wharekawa River 900m D/S From SH Bridge Across River 6.8 6.8 6.8 B

AC West Hoe West Hoe @ Halls 7.1 8.3 7.7 A

BOP Waitoki Stream Waitoki 7.6 7.6 7.6 A

ECAN Avon River Avon Gloucester 8.1 8.1 8.1 A

ECAN Avon River Avon Wood 8.2 8.2 8.2 A

ECAN Birdlings Brook Birdling 7.8 7.8 7.8 A

ECAN Boggy Creek Boggy 9.6 9.6 9.6 A

ECAN Cam River Cam R 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

ECAN Hakataramea River Hakatara 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

ECAN North Brook North Brook 8.2 8.2 8.2 A



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

ECAN Opihi River tributary Opihi 9.6 9.6 9.6 A

ECAN Opuha River Opuha 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

ECAN Rangitata River Rangitat 10.0 10.0 10.0 A

ECAN Selwyn River tributary

Selwyn trib 7.6 7.6 7.6 A

ECAN South Brook South Brook 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

ECAN Styx River Styx at Husseys 7.5 7.5 7.5 A

ECAN Styx River Styx at Norths Rd 7.5 7.5 7.5 A

ECAN Waimairi Stream Waimairi 8.2 8.2 8.2 A

ECAN Wairarapa Stream Wairarapa at Glandovey 7.5 7.5 7.5 A

ES Back Creek Back 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

ES Caddon Burn Caddon Burn 8.3 8.3 8.3 A

ES Catlins River Catlins at Catlins 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

ES Freshwater River Freshwat 9.5 9.5 9.5 A

ES Glenomaru Stream Glenmaru 7.7 7.7 7.7 A

ES Glenomaru Stream Omaru 10.2 10.2 10.2 A

ES Kaihiku Stream Kaihuka 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

ES Lill Burn Lill Burn 8.0 8.0 8.0 A

ES Makarewa River Makarewa 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

ES Makarewa River Makarewa at Scott 7.5 7.5 7.5 A

ES Makarewa River Makarewa at Taylors 8.1 8.1 8.1 A

ES Mataura River Lowmatau 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

ES Mataura River Mataura River at Gore 6.0 9.0 7.7 A

ES Mataura River Upmataur 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

ES Mokoreta River Mokoreta 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

ES Mokoreta River Mokoreta R 7.9 7.9 7.9 A

ES Mokoreta River tributary

Mokoreta trib at Klondyke 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

ES Opouriki Stream Opouriki 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

ES Oreti River Oreti 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

ES Owaka River Owaka 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

ES Pourakino River Pourokino at Pourokino 10.5 10.5 10.5 A

ES Tahakopa River Tahakopa 10.0 10.1 10.0 A

ES Waiau River Waiau 10.8 10.8 10.8 A



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

ES Waikopikopiko Stream

Waikopikopiko 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

ES Waiwera River Waiwera 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

GWRC Enaki Stream Enaki Stream D/S site for Riparian 7.4 7.7 7.6 A

GWRC Mangatarere River Mangatarere at Andersons Line 8.1 8.1 8.1 A

GWRC Wainuiomata River Wainuiomata River at Manuka Track 9.6 9.8 9.7 A

GWRC Waipoua River Waipoua River at Colombo Rd Bridge 8.4 8.4 8.4 A

HBRC Te Waikaha Te Waikaha at Mutiny Road 7.9 7.9 7.9 A

HBRC Tukipo River TKO 7.9 7.9 7.9 A

HBRC Tukituki River T1 8.8 8.8 8.8 A








HBRC Waipawa River W1 8.3 9.3 8.6 A

HBRC Waipawa River W2 8.0 8.6 8.6 A

HBRC Waipawa River WSH50 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

HRC Hautapu River Hautapu at Alabsters 9.9 9.9 9.9 A

HRC Hautapu River Hautapu us Rangitikei Conflu 10.0 10.0 10.0 A

HRC Kahuterawa Stream Kahuterawa at Johnstons Rata 9.9 9.9 9.9 A

HRC Kumeti Stream Kumeti at Te Rehunga 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

HRC Makakahi River Makakahi at Hamua 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

HRC Makotuku River Makotuku at Raetihi 9.5 9.5 9.5 A

HRC Makotuku River Makotuku ds Raetihi STP 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

HRC Makotuku River Makotuku us Raetihi STP 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

HRC Makuri River Makuri at Tuscan Hills 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

HRC Manakau Stream Manakau at SH1 Bridge 8.7 8.7 8.7 A

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Hopelands 7.7 7.7 7.7 A

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Opiki Bridge 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Teachers College 8.4 8.4 8.4 A

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Upper Gorge 8.8 8.8 8.8 A



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu at Weber Rd 8.5 8.5 8.5 A

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu ds PNCC STP 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

HRC Manawatu River Manawatu us PNCC STP 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

HRC Mangaatua Stream Mangaatua ds Woodville STP 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

HRC Mangaatua Stream Mangaatua us Woodville STP 8.5 8.5 8.5 A

HRC Mangahao River Mangahao at Balance 7.6 7.6 7.6 A

HRC Mangapapa Stream Mangapapa at Troup Rd Bridge 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka at SH2 7.6 7.6 7.6 A

HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka ds Pahiatua STP 7.7 7.7 7.7 A

HRC Mangatainoka River Mangatainoka us Pahiatua STP 7.6 7.6 7.6 A

HRC Mangatera Stream Mangatera confluence at Timb 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

HRC Mangatera Stream Mangatera ds Dannevirke STP 8.3 8.3 8.3 A

HRC Mangatera Stream Mangatera us Dannevirke STP 7.9 7.9 7.9 A

HRC Mangatoro River Mangatoro at Mangahei Rd 7.8 7.8 7.8 A

HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero at DoC Headquarter 10.9 10.9 10.9 A

HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero at Pakihi Rd Bridg 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero at Raupiu Rd 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero ds Ohakune STP 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

HRC Mangawhero River Mangawhero us Ohakune STP 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

HRC Ohau River Ohau at Gladstone Reserve 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

HRC Ohau River Ohau at Haines Farm 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

HRC Oroua River Oroua at Almadale Slackline 9.5 9.5 9.5 A

HRC Oroua River Oroua at Apiti Gorge Bridge 10.2 10.2 10.2 A

HRC Oroua River Oroua at Awahuri Bridge 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

HRC Oroua River Oroua ds Feilding STP 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

HRC Oroua River Oroua us Feilding STP 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

HRC Oruakeretaki Stream

Oruakeretaki at SH2 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

HRC Pohangina River Pohangina at Mais Reach 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

HRC Pohangina River Pohangina at Piripiri 10.3 10.3 10.3 A

HRC Porewa Stream Porewa at Onepuhi Rd 8.3 8.3 8.3 A

HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Mangaweka 5.2 8.1 7.6 A

HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Mangaweka 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at McKelvies 8.7 8.7 8.7 A



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Onepuhi 9.8 9.8 9.8 A

HRC Rangitikei River Rangitikei at Pukeokahu 10.0 10.0 10.0 A

HRC Raparapawai Stream

Raparapawai at Jackson Rd 8.0 8.0 8.0 A

HRC Tamaki River Tamaki at Reserve 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

HRC Tamaki River Tamaki at Stephensons 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

HRC Tokomaru River Tokomaru at Horseshoe bend 10.5 10.5 10.5 A

HRC Turakina River Turakina at Oneils Bridge 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

HRC Waikawa Stream Waikawa at Huritini 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

HRC Waikawa Stream Waikawa at Nth Manakau Road 9.8 9.8 9.8 A

NCC Maitai River Dennes 8.1 8.1 8.1 A

NCC Maitai River Site B 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

NCC Maitai River South Br 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

NRC Mangere Stream Mangere@Knights Rd 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

NRC Mangere Stream Mangere@Pukenui Forest 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

ORC Big Stream Big 9.1 10.1 9.6 A

ORC Catlins River Catlins 11.0 11.0 11.0 A

ORC Clutha River Upper_Cl 10.2 10.2 10.2 A

ORC Hawea River Hawea 9.2 9.2 9.2 A

ORC Healy Creek Trip A 8.5 8.5 8.5 A

ORC Kye Burn Kyeburn 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

ORC Lee Stream Lee 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

ORC Matukiyuki River Matukitu 10.2 10.2 10.2 A

ORC Pomahaka River Pomahaka 8.4 8.4 8.4 A

ORC Powder Creek Powder 10.4 12.8 11.6 A

ORC Stony Creek Stony 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

ORC Sutton Stream Sutton 9.1 9.5 9.3 A

ORC Sutton Stream Sutton us Taieri confluence 10.6 10.6 10.6 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri at Canadian Flats 8.2 8.2 8.2 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri at Serpentine Flats 7.9 9.1 8.5 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri at Spillers 7.9 7.9 7.9 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Big confluence 8.0 8.0 8.0 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Deep confluence 8.9 8.9 8.9 A



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Lee confluence 9.8 9.8 9.8 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Nenthorn confluence 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Paerau Weir 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Silver 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Sutton confluence 8.2 8.2 8.2 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri ds Traquir confluence 8.7 8.7 8.7 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Big confluence 8.4 8.4 8.4 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Deep confluence 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Lee confluence 10.5 10.5 10.5 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Nenthorn confluence 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Paerau Weir 7.7 8.5 8.1 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Silver 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Sutton confluence 8.4 8.4 8.4 A

ORC Taieri River Taieri us Traquir confluence 9.2 9.2 9.2 A

ORC Taieri River tributary Spillers 7.9 7.9 7.9 A

ORC Three O'Clock Stream

3O'Clock 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

ORC Traquair Burn Traquir us Taieri confluence 10.9 10.9 10.9 A

ORC Unnamed Stream McHardies 8.2 8.2 8.2 A

TDC Granity Creek Granity 11.1 11.1 11.1 A

TDC Little Sydney RW Little Sydney @ Factory Rd 7.7 7.7 7.7 A

TDC Motueka River Hinetai 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

TDC Motueka River Woodmans 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

TDC Motueka River Woodstock 8.8 8.8 8.8 A

TDC Motupiko River Quinneys 8.4 8.4 8.4 A

TDC Rainy River Rainylower 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

TDC Rainy River RainyUp 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

TDC Reservoir Creek RW Reservoir Ck @ Marlborough Cr 8.5 8.5 8.5 A

TDC Riwaka River RW Riwaka @ Hickmotts 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

TDC Riwaka River RW Riwaka @ Northbranch Source 11.1 11.1 11.1 A

TDC Rolling River ROLLING 11.1 11.1 11.1 A

TDC Wangapeka River DART 9.5 9.5 9.5 A



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

TDC Wangapeka River Walters 10.2 10.2 10.2 A

TDC (blank) RW Jimmy Lee @ d-s Hill St 8.0 8.0 8.0 A

TDC (blank) RW Little Sydney @ u-s Johnson Barrier 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

WCRC Crooked River Crooked Bell Hill sonde.xlsx 10.7 10.7 10.7 A

WCRC Deep Creek Deep Ck sonde data.xlsx 10.7 10.7 10.7 A

WCRC Mawheraiti River Mawheraiti @ Mawheraiti Feb 2013 sonde.xlsx 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

WCRC Molloy Creek Molloy Ck sonde data.xlsx 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

WCRC Okutua Creek Okutua.xlsx 9.8 9.8 9.8 A

WCRC Pensini Creek Pensini Ck 2012 sonde.xlsx 10.8 10.8 10.8 A


Mangaokewa 1 7.6 7.6 7.6 A


Mangaokewa 3 7.6 7.6 7.6 A

WRC Mangawhero Stream

Mangawhero 7.5 7.5 7.5 A

WRC Oraka Stream Oraka 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

WRC Piako River Piako River At Morrinsville (above SH26 bridge) 7.9 7.9 7.9 A

WRC Tongariro River River Delta off Grace Road Site-005 10.3 10.3 10.3 A

WRC Waihou River Okauia 8.5 8.7 8.6 A

WRC Waihou River Site-050 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

WRC Waihou River Te Aroha 7.8 8.5 8.1 A

WRC Waihou River Tirohia 7.6 7.6 7.6 A

WRC Waikato River 2.1km D/S of HCC WWTP outfall TL 9.1 9.1 9.1 A

WRC Waikato River 2.8km D/S of Huntly outfall TL 9.2 9.2 9.2 A

WRC Waikato River 200m D/S of HCC WWTP outfall TL 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

WRC Waikato River 300m U/S of HCC WWTP Outfall TR 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

WRC Waikato River 300m U/S of Huntly outfall TL 9.3 9.3 9.3 A

WRC Waikato River 5.4km D/S of Huntly outfall TL 9.2 9.2 9.2 A

WRC Waikato River 500m D/S of Waipa Confluence True Left 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

WRC Waikato River 500m D/S of Waipa Confluence True Right 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

WRC Waikato River 700m D/S of HCC WWTP outfall TL 9.7 9.7 9.7 A

WRC Waikato River D/S Of Ohakuri Power Station Site-016 9.2 9.2 9.2 A

WRC Waikato River Hamilton Traffic Br 6.5 9.7 7.8 A

WRC Waikato River Huka Jet Jetty 9.0 12.0 9.9 A

WRC Waikato River Huntly D/S-1 True Left 9.2 9.2 9.2 A



Max. DO min

Median DO min

NOF-1d

WRC Waikato River Ngaruawahia D/S-1 True Left 8.6 8.6 8.6 A

WRC Waikato River Ngaruawahia D/S-1 True Right 9.4 9.4 9.4 A

WRC Waikato River Off Broadlands Road Site-001 9.0 9.0 9.0 A

WRC Waikato River Ohaaki Bridge 6.8 9.0 7.7 A

WRC Waikato River Reids Farm 7.8 9.7 8.8 A

WRC Waikato River River Boat Jetty Taupo 9.1 9.2 9.1 A

WRC Waikato River Site 39 Collier & Lill 2008 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

WRC Waikato River Site-032 9.4 9.4 9.4 A



WRC Waikato River Transect 2 True Left 8.6 8.6 8.6 A




WRC Waikato River U/S Of Ohakuri Power Station Site-017 10.7 10.7 10.7 A

WRC Waikato River U/S Of Whangamarino confluence Site-012 8.4 8.4 8.4 A

WRC Waipa River Off Otewa Rd Otorohanga Site-015 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

WRC Waipa River Off Point Rd Site-014 8.2 8.2 8.2 A

WRC Waipa River Site-047 8.1 8.1 8.1 A

WRC Waiwawa River 1818 Tairua Whitianga Rd (SH25) 8.9 8.9 8.9 A

WRC Whirinaki Stream Whirinaki Valley Road Bridge 7.7 7.7 7.7 A


Table D-11: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=368) grouped by region (RC).

Region No. sites

A B C D %A %B %C %D

AC 10 1 4 2 3 10.0% 40.0% 20.0% 30.0%

BOPRC 3 1 1 1 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0%

ECAN 33 16 13 1 3 48.5% 39.4% 3.0% 9.1%

ES 40 25 9 1 5 62.5% 22.5% 2.5% 12.5%

GWRC 20 4 8 1 7 20.0% 40.0% 5.0% 35.0%

HBRC 42 13 10 2 17 31.0% 23.8% 4.8% 40.5%

HRC 61 56 5 91.8% 8.2% 0.0% 0.0%

MDC 3 2 1 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 33.3%

NCC 5 3 2 60.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0%

NRC 2 2 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

ORC 39 36 3 92.3% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0%

TDC 33 16 6 11 48.5% 18.2% 0.0% 33.3%

WCRC 12 6 5 1 50.0% 41.7% 8.3% 0.0%

WRC 65 44 10 6 5 67.7% 15.4% 9.2% 7.7%

Total 368 223 78 15 52 60.6% 21.2% 4.1% 14.1%

Table D-12: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=367) grouped by REC climate class.

REC climate No. sites

A B C D %A %B %C %D

cool dry (CD)

100 59 29 2 10 59.0% 29.0% 2.0% 10.0%

cool wet (CW)

153 131 21 1 85.6% 13.7% 0.0% 0.7%

cool ex. wet (CX)

22 15 6 1 68.2% 27.3% 4.5% 0.0%


warm dry (WD)

36 2 7 4 23 5.6% 19.4% 11.1% 63.9%

warm wet (WW)

56 16 15 8 17 28.6% 26.8% 14.3% 30.4%

total 367 223 78 15 51 60.8% 21.3% 4.1% 13.9%

Table D-13: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=367) grouped by REC topography class.

REC topography

No. sites

A B C D %A %B %C %D

mountain (M)

10 10 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

hill (H) 87 79 8 90.8% 9.2% 0.0% 0.0%

low elevation (L)

234 102 68 13 51 43.6% 29.1% 5.6% 21.8%

Lake (Lk) 36 32 2 2 88.9% 5.6% 5.6% 0.0%

Total 367 223 78 15 51 60.8% 21.3% 4.1% 13.9%

Table D-14: NOF-1d band assignments from continuous data (n=367) grouped by REC land cover class.

REC land cover

No. sites A B C D %A %B %C %D

natural 63 55 7 1 87% 11% 0% 2%

exotic forest (EF)

11 8 2 1 73% 18% 9% 0%

pasture (P) 274 155 61 13 45 57% 22% 5% 16%

urban (U) 19 5 8 1 5 26% 42% 5% 26%

total 367 223 78 15 51 61% 21% 4% 14%


Appendix E Analysis of spot DO data

Table E-15: Different DO band thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=799) and grouped by region.

SPOT-1d (upper) and SPOT-7d (lower)

SPOT-1d

REC (N) A B C D %A %B %C %D

AC 31 9 14 5 3 29% 45% 16% 10%

BOP 27 24 3 89% 11% 0% 0%

ECAN/CCC 111 93 11 4 3 84% 10% 4% 3%

ES 73 64 6 1 2 88% 8% 1% 3%

EW 116 90 21 2 3 78% 18% 2% 3%

GDC 3 3 100% 0% 0% 0%

GWRC 58 51 6 1 88% 10% 0% 2%

HBRC 53 45 4 2 2 85% 8% 4% 4%

HRC 86 71 12 1 2 83% 14% 1% 2%

MDC 33 30 2 1 91% 6% 0% 3%

NCC 27 27 100% 0% 0% 0%

NRC 35 20 13 2 57% 37% 6% 0%

ORC 50 42 6 2 84% 12% 0% 4%

TDC 46 43 3 93% 7% 0% 0%

TRC 13 13 100% 0% 0% 0%

WCRC 37 35 1 1 95% 3% 3% 0%

Total 799 660 102 18 19 83% 13% 2% 2%

SPOT-7d


AC 31 6 4 13 8 19% 13% 42% 26%

BOP 27 21 5 1 78% 19% 4% 0%

ECAN/CCC 111 80 16 8 7 72% 14% 7% 6%


ES 73 58 8 4 3 79% 11% 5% 4%

EW 116 81 12 18 5 70% 10% 16% 4%

GDC 3 3 100% 0% 0% 0%

GWRC 58 48 3 6 1 83% 5% 10% 2%

HBRC 53 39 7 3 4 74% 13% 6% 8%

HRC 86 58 18 7 3 67% 21% 8% 3%

MDC 33 26 4 2 1 79% 12% 6% 3%

NCC 27 27 100% 0% 0% 0%

NRC 35 16 8 9 2 46% 23% 26% 6%

ORC 50 39 6 3 2 78% 12% 6% 4%

TDC 46 42 1 3 91% 2% 7% 0%

TRC 13 13 100% 0% 0% 0%

WCRC 37 34 1 1 1 92% 3% 3% 3%

total 799 591 93 78 37 74% 12% 10% 5%

Table E-16: Different DO band thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=783) and grouped by REC climate class.

SPOT-1d upper and SPOT-7d lower.

SPOT-1d


cool dry (n=167) 167 132 25 4 6 79% 15% 2% 4%

cool wet (n=331) 331 314 15 1 1 95% 5% 0% 0%

cool ex. wet (n=81) 81 81 100% 0% 0% 0%

warm dry (n=43) 43 16 15 5 7 37% 35% 12% 16%

warm wet* (n=161) 161 105 46 6 4 65% 29% 4% 2%

Total 783 648 101 16 18 83% 13% 2% 2%


* contains 7 records for warm extremely wet

SPOT-7d


cool dry (n=167) 167 111 30 16 10 66% 18% 10% 6%

cool wet (n=331) 331 291 28 10 2 88% 8% 3% 1%

cool ex. wet (n=81) 81 79 2 98% 2% 0% 0%

warm dry (n=43) 43 11 5 15 12 26% 12% 35% 28%

warm wet* (n=161) 161 88 27 36 10 55% 17% 22% 6%

Total 783 580 92 77 34 74% 12% 10% 4%


Table E-17: Different DO 'attribute' thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=783) and grouped by REC topography class (SPOT-1d upper; SPOT-7d lower).

SPOT-1d


mountain (n=31) 31 31 100% 0% 0% 0%

hill (n=252) 25224

1 11 96% 4% 0% 0%

lowland (n=459) 45934

0 87 15 17 74% 19% 3% 4%

lake (n=41) 41 36 3 1 1 88% 7% 2% 2%

Total 78364

810

1 16 18 83% 13% 2% 2%

SPOT-7d


mountain (n=31) 31 30 1 97% 3% 0% 0%

hill (n=252) 25222

3 23 6 88% 9% 2% 0%

lowland (n=459) 45929

4 64 69 32 64% 14% 15% 7%

lake (n=41) 41 33 4 2 2 80% 10% 5% 5%

Total 78358

0 92 77 34 74% 12% 10% 4%

Table E-18: Different DO 'attribute' thresholds applied to spot DO data (n=783) and grouped by REC land cover class.

SPOT-1d


natural (n=220) 220 216 3 1 98% 1% 0% 0%

exotic forest (n=33) 33 29 3 1 88% 9% 0% 3%

pasture (n=498) 498 384 88 12 14 77% 18% 2% 3%


urban (n=30) 30 19 7 2 2 63% 23% 7% 7%

Grand Total 781 648 101 15 17 83% 13% 2% 2%

SPOT-7d


natural (n=220) 220 205 13 1 1 93% 6% 0% 0%

exotic forest (n=33) 33 28 1 3 1 85% 3% 9% 3%

pasture (n=498) 498 329 77 66 26 66% 15% 13% 5%

urban (n=30) 30 18 1 7 4 60% 3% 23% 13%

Total 781 580 92 77 32 74% 12% 10% 4%


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