Demographic Proﬁle: Santa Clausdocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Santa_Claus_NN.pdf ·...

Demographic Profile:Santa Claus

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2014-18 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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SANTA CLAUS Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

80−84

75−79

85 and over

10−14

30−34

45−49

70−74

50−54

25−29

5−9

40−44

55−59

35−39

15−19

20−24

60−64

65−69

Under 5

10 5 0 5 10

Males

Females

Santa Claus

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile SANTA CLAUS

Race and Latino Origin

89%

5%5%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Santa Claus

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

24%

33%

28%

15%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Santa Claus

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

40%

25%

36%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Santa Claus

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

36%

50%

11%3%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Santa Claus

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 165 100.0%

Under 5 years 15 9.1%5 to 9 years 8 4.8%10 to 14 years 5 3.0%15 to 19 years 12 7.3%20 to 24 years 12 7.3%25 to 29 years 8 4.8%30 to 34 years 5 3.0%35 to 39 years 15 9.1%40 to 44 years 12 7.3%45 to 49 years 11 6.7%50 to 54 years 10 6.1%55 to 59 years 14 8.5%60 to 64 years 12 7.3%65 to 69 years 15 9.1%70 to 74 years 7 4.2%75 to 79 years 2 1.2%80 to 84 years 0 0.0%85 years and over 2 1.2%

Median age (years) 41.2 (X)

16 years and over 134 81.2%18 years and over 129 78.2%21 years and over 122 73.9%62 years and over 31 18.8%65 years and over 26 15.8%

Male population 69 41.8%Under 5 years 4 2.4%5 to 9 years 3 1.8%10 to 14 years 2 1.2%15 to 19 years 4 2.4%20 to 24 years 4 2.4%25 to 29 years 3 1.8%30 to 34 years 2 1.2%35 to 39 years 8 4.8%40 to 44 years 6 3.6%45 to 49 years 7 4.2%50 to 54 years 5 3.0%55 to 59 years 8 4.8%60 to 64 years 3 1.8%65 to 69 years 6 3.6%70 to 74 years 3 1.8%75 to 79 years 1 0.6%80 to 84 years 0 0.0%85 years and over 0 0.0%


16 years and over 57 34.5%18 years and over 57 34.5%21 years and over 55 33.3%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 11 6.7%65 years and over 10 6.1%

Female population 96 58.2%Under 5 years 11 6.7%5 to 9 years 5 3.0%10 to 14 years 3 1.8%15 to 19 years 8 4.8%20 to 24 years 8 4.8%25 to 29 years 5 3.0%30 to 34 years 3 1.8%35 to 39 years 7 4.2%40 to 44 years 6 3.6%45 to 49 years 4 2.4%50 to 54 years 5 3.0%55 to 59 years 6 3.6%60 to 64 years 9 5.5%65 to 69 years 9 5.5%70 to 74 years 4 2.4%75 to 79 years 1 0.6%80 to 84 years 0 0.0%85 years and over 2 1.2%


16 years and over 77 46.7%18 years and over 72 43.6%21 years and over 67 40.6%62 years and over 20 12.1%65 years and over 16 9.7%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 165 100.0%

One Race 165 100.0%White 152 92.1%Black or African American 9 5.5%American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%Asian 0 0.0%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 0 0.0%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 0 0.0%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 0 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 4 2.4%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%White; Asian 0 0.0%White; Black or African American 0 0.0%White; Some Other Race 0 0.0%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 152 92.1%Black or African American 9 5.5%American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%Asian 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 4 2.4%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 165 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 9 5.5%Mexican 9 5.5%Puerto Rican 0 0.0%Cuban 0 0.0%Other Hispanic or Latino 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 156 94.5%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 165 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 9 5.5%White alone 5 3.0%Black or African American alone 0 0.0%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 4 2.4%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 156 94.5%White alone 147 89.1%Black or African American alone 9 5.5%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 0 0.0%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 165 100.0%

In households 165 100.0%Householder 73 44.2%Spouse 29 17.6%Child 43 26.1%

Own child under 18 years 31 18.8%Other relatives 11 6.7%

Under 18 years 4 2.4%65 years and over 1 0.6%

Nonrelatives 9 5.5%Under 18 years 1 0.6%65 years and over 0 0.0%

Unmarried partner 6 3.6%

In group quarters 0 0.0%Institutionalized population 0 0.0%

Male 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 73 100.0%

Family households (families) 47 64.4%With own children under 18 years 17 23.3%

Husband-wife family 29 39.7%With own children under 18 years 8 11.0%

Male householder, no wife present 4 5.5%With own children under 18 years 2 2.7%

Female householder, no husband present 14 19.2%With own children under 18 years 7 9.6%

Nonfamily households 26 35.6%Householder living alone 21 28.8%

Male 10 13.7%65 years and over 0 0.0%

Female 11 15.1%65 years and over 5 6.8%

Households with individuals under 18 years 20 27.4%Households with individuals 65 years and over 19 26.0%

Average household size 2.26 (X)Average family size 2.77 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 86 100.0%

Occupied housing units 73 84.9%Vacant housing units 13 15.1%

For rent 8 9.3%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 0 0.0%Sold, not occupied 2 2.3%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 2 2.3%All other vacants 1 1.2%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 0.0 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 25.0 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 73 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 49 67.1%Population in owner-occupied housing units 110 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.24 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 24 32.9%Population in renter-occupied housing units 55 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.29 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

SANTA CLAUS ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Santa Claus Toombs County Heart of Georgia Altamaha Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2014-18 Profile SANTA CLAUS

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 74 ±37 74 (X)

Family households (families) 46 ±23 62.2% ±0.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 23 ±21 31.1% ±24.4

Married-couple family 33 ±20 44.6% ±15.3With own children of the householder under 18 years 14 ±15 18.9% ±17.9

Male householder, no wife present, family 3 ±4 4.1% ±5.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 2 ±3 2.7% ±3.8

Female householder, no husband present, family 10 ±15 13.5% ±19.1With own children of the householder under 18 years 7 ±15 9.5% ±19.7

Nonfamily households 28 ±25 37.8% ±28.0Householder living alone 28 ±25 37.8% ±28.065 years and over 8 ±7 10.8% ±7.8

Households with one or more people under 18 years 25 ±22 33.8% ±24.5Households with one or more people 65 years and over 25 ±13 33.8% ±4.8

Average household size 2.64 ±1.78 (X) (X)Average family size 3.61 ±2.21 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 195 ±89 195 (X)

Householder 74 ±34 37.9% ±1.9Spouse 35 ±19 17.9% ±5.3Child 70 ±43 35.9% ±14.8Other relatives 15 ±27 7.7% ±13.5Nonrelatives 1 ±14 0.5% ±7.0

Unmarried partner 1 ±14 0.5% ±7.0

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 65 ±32 65 (X)

Never married 20 ±13 30.8% ±13.1Now married, except separated 41 ±29 63.1% ±32.2Separated 0 ±13 0.0% ±20.0Widowed 0 ±13 0.0% ±20.0Divorced 4 ±6 6.2% ±8.7

Females 15 years and over 79 ±39 79 (X)Never married 29 ±27 36.7% ±29.0Now married, except separated 43 ±25 54.4% ±17.4Separated 1 ±2 1.3% ±2.5Widowed 4 ±6 5.1% ±7.2Divorced 2 ±3 2.5% ±3.6

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

2 ±6 2 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 1 ±4 50.0% ±132.3Per 1,000 unmarried women 40 ±155 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 49 ±141 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old . ±. (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 63 ±169 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±2043 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

0 ±13 0 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 0 ±13 .% ±.Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 .% ±.1 or 2 years 0 ±13 .% ±.3 or 4 years 0 ±13 .% ±.5 or more years 0 ±13 .% ±.

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

0 ±13 0 (X)

Who are female 0 ±13 .% ±.Who are married 0 ±13 .% ±.

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 51 ±35 51 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 0 ±13 0.0% ±25.5Kindergarten 2 ±4 3.9% ±7.4Elementary school (grades 1-8) 37 ±34 72.5% ±44.9High school (grades 9-12) 4 ±4 7.8% ±5.7College or graduate school 8 ±15 15.7% ±27.9

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 126 ±61 126 (X)

Less than 9th grade 7 ±27 5.6% ±21.49th to 12th grade, no diploma 18 ±30 14.3% ±22.7High school graduate (includes equivalency) 44 ±20 34.9% ±23.3Some college, no degree 28 ±22 22.2% ±13.9Associate’s degree 10 ±18 7.9% ±13.5Bachelor’s degree 13 ±13 10.3% ±9.0Graduate or professional degree 6 ±31 4.8% ±24.6

Percent high school graduate or higher 80.2% ±54.6 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 15.1% ±25.7 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 142 ±62 142 (X)

Civilian veterans 11 ±12 7.7% ±7.7

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 195 ±89 195 (X)With a disability 32 ±34 16.4% ±15.7

Under 18 years 53 ±35 53 (X)With a disability 0 ±26 0.0% ±49.1

18 to 64 years 102 ±43 102 (X)With a disability 11 ±16 10.8% ±15.4

65 years and over 40 ±25 40 (X)With a disability 21 ±15 52.5% ±16.4

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 192 ±88 192 (X)

Same house 150 ±73 78.1% ±12.8Different house in the U.S. 42 ±48 21.9% ±22.8

Same county 31 ±42 16.1% ±20.6Different county 11 ±23 5.7% ±11.7Same state 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.8Different state 11 ±19 5.7% ±9.5

Abroad 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.8

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 195 ±89 195 (X)

Native 195 ±89 100.0% ±0.0Born in United States 192 ±80 98.5% ±60.7State of residence 165 ±77 84.6% ±8.2Different state 27 ±20 13.8% ±8.1

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

3 ±5 1.5% ±2.5

Foreign born 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 0 ±13 0 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 0 ±13 .% ±.Not a U.S. citizen 0 ±13 .% ±.

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 3 ±5 3 (X)

Native 3 ±19 3 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3Entered before 2010 3 ±14 100.0% ±779.6

Foreign born 0 ±13 0 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 .% ±.Entered before 2010 0 ±23 .% ±.

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

0 ±13 0 (X)

Europe 0 ±13 .% ±.Asia 0 ±13 .% ±.Africa 0 ±13 .% ±.Oceania 0 ±13 .% ±.Latin America 0 ±13 .% ±.Northern America 0 ±13 .% ±.

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 183 ±83 183 (X)

English only 183 ±67 100.0% ±58.2Language other than English 0 ±45 0.0% ±24.6

Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±78 0.0% ±42.6Spanish 0 ±23 0.0% ±12.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±21.3

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±12.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±21.3

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±12.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±21.3

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±12.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±21.3

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 195 ±89 195 (X)

American 28 ±22 14.4% ±9.2Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Dutch 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7English 16 ±15 8.2% ±6.7French (except Basque) 1 ±3 0.5% ±1.5French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7German 26 ±42 13.3% ±20.7Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Irish 14 ±10 7.2% ±3.9Italian 4 ±7 2.1% ±3.5Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Polish 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Scotch-Irish 1 ±3 0.5% ±1.5Scottish 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Swedish 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Welsh 2 ±3 1.0% ±1.5West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 74 ±37 74 (X)

With a computer 53 ±25 71.6% ±49.2With a broadband Internet subscription 49 ±24 66.2% ±46.3

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 144 ±63 144 (X)

In labor force 81 ±52 56.3% ±26.3Civilian labor force 81 ±52 56.3% ±26.3Employed 69 ±48 47.9% ±26.3Unemployed 12 ±63 8.3% ±43.6

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±40.4Not in labor force 63 ±52 43.8% ±30.3

Civilian labor force 81 ±52 81 (X)Unemployment Rate 14.8% ±77.3 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 79 ±39 79 (X)In labor force 48 ±43 60.8% ±45.3

Civilian labor force 48 ±43 60.8% ±45.3Employed 36 ±39 45.6% ±43.5

own children of the householder under 6 years 12 ±18 12 (X)All parents in family in labor force 12 ±20 100.0% ±69.2

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 41 ±35 41 (X)All parents in family in labor force 19 ±23 46.3% ±39.5

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 68 ±38 68 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 54 ±37 79.4% ±31.5Car, truck, or van – carpooled 10 ±10 14.7% ±12.2Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±19.1Walked 4 ±7 5.9% ±9.8Other means 0 ±13 0.0% ±19.1Worked at home 0 ±13 0.0% ±19.1

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 19.1 ±16.7 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 69 ±48 69 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 16 ±15 23.2% ±14.1Service occupations 6 ±7 8.7% ±8.2Sales and office occupations 28 ±23 40.6% ±18.4Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

4 ±15 5.8% ±21.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 15 ±21 21.7% ±25.7

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 69 ±48 69 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 0 ±18 0.0% ±26.6Construction 3 ±14 4.3% ±20.0Manufacturing 24 ±22 34.8% ±20.9Wholesale trade 6 ±16 8.7% ±22.1Retail trade 6 ±6 8.7% ±7.0Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 4 ±6 5.8% ±7.1Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±26.6Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 4 ±15 5.8% ±21.0Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

1 ±14 1.4% ±21.0

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 13 ±14 18.8% ±21.0Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

4 ±6 5.8% ±7.4

Other services, except public administration 0 ±18 0.0% ±26.6Public administration 4 ±4 5.8% ±5.0

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 69 ±48 69 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 64 ±37 92.8% ±84.5Government workers 5 ±23 7.2% ±33.7Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±26.6Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±26.6

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 74 ±37 74 (X)Less than $10,000 5 ±7 6.8% ±8.8$10,000 to $14,999 18 ±25 24.3% ±31.5$15,000 to $24,999 6 ±7 8.1% ±8.1$25,000 to $34,999 6 ±6 8.1% ±7.6$35,000 to $49,999 7 ±6 9.5% ±7.6$50,000 to $74,999 25 ±16 33.8% ±7.6$75,000 to $99,999 5 ±8 6.8% ±10.3$100,000 to $149,999 1 ±13 1.4% ±17.8$150,000 to $199,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6$200,000 or more 1 ±2 1.4% ±2.6Median household income (dollars) 36,000 ±28,821 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 43,743 ±9,223 (X) (X)

With earnings 43 ±30 58.1% ±28.3Mean earnings (dollars) 43,947 ±9,993 (X) (X)

With Social Security 29 ±13 39.2% ±26.3Mean Social Security income (dollars) 20,724 ±4,580 (X) (X)

With retirement income 21 ±13 28.4% ±10.4Mean retirement income (dollars) 8,524 ±1,491 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 2 ±3 2.7% ±3.8Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 13 ±16 17.6% ±19.8

Families 46 ±23 46 (X)Less than $10,000 0 ±13 0.0% ±28.3$10,000 to $14,999 7 ±15 15.2% ±31.7$15,000 to $24,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±40.0$25,000 to $34,999 3 ±4 6.5% ±8.6$35,000 to $49,999 5 ±14 10.9% ±30.1$50,000 to $74,999 24 ±16 52.2% ±23.4$75,000 to $99,999 5 ±8 10.9% ±16.5$100,000 to $149,999 1 ±13 2.2% ±28.6$150,000 to $199,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±28.3$200,000 or more 1 ±2 2.2% ±4.2Median family income (dollars) 58,750 ±17,977 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 59,452 ±18,970 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 17,208 ±4,552 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 28 ±25 28 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 14,500 ±3,850 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 17,932 ±22,039 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

34,000 ±11,298 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

27,750 ±22,778 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 195 ±89 195 (X)With health insurance coverage 170 ±65 87.2% ±51.8With private health insurance 127 ±55 65.1% ±41.0With public coverage 72 ±42 36.9% ±13.0No health insurance coverage 25 ±34 12.8% ±16.4

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 55 ±42 55 (X)No health insurance coverage 4 ±14 7.3% ±25.4

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 100 ±51 100 (X)In labor force: 70 ±39 70 (X)Employed: 58 ±36 58 (X)With health insurance coverage 43 ±28 74.1% ±14.6With private health insurance 39 ±24 67.2% ±58.8With public coverage 4 ±8 6.9% ±13.1No health insurance coverage 15 ±19 25.9% ±28.6

Unemployed: 12 ±15 12 (X)With health insurance coverage 10 ±15 83.3% ±69.1With private health insurance 3 ±5 25.0% ±27.6With public coverage 7 ±15 58.3% ±101.5No health insurance coverage 2 ±3 16.7% ±13.8

Not in labor force: 30 ±21 30 (X)With health insurance coverage 26 ±18 86.7% ±85.3With private health insurance 21 ±17 70.0% ±28.5With public coverage 6 ±7 20.0% ±18.7No health insurance coverage 4 ±7 13.3% ±21.4

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 15.2% ±31.7 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 28.0% ±88.1 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±1125.8 (X) (X)

Married couple families 0.0% ±39.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 0.0% ±81.3 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only.% ±. (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 70.0% ±103.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 100.0% ±355.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only.% ±. (X) (X)

All people 13.8% ±21.1 (X) (X)Under 18 years 24.5% ±81.7 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 24.5% ±47.1 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 75.0% ±115.7 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 9.8% ±73.1 (X) (X)

18 years and over 9.9% ±31.2 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 12.7% ±37.2 (X) (X)65 years and over 2.5% ±56.5 (X) (X)

People in families 12.0% ±26.8 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 24.1% ±26.8 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 87 ±38 87 (X)

Occupied housing units 74 ±37 85.1% ±20.7Vacant housing units 13 ±12 14.9% ±12.2

Homeowner vacancy rate 0.0 ±34.2 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 12.2 ±17.1 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 87 ±38 87 (X)

1-unit, detached 44 ±19 50.6% ±31.11-unit, attached 10 ±18 11.5% ±20.12 units 18 ±13 20.7% ±11.93 or 4 units 7 ±15 8.0% ±16.95 to 9 units 2 ±4 2.3% ±4.510 to 19 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.920 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±21.1Mobile home 6 ±11 6.9% ±12.3Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.9

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 87 ±38 87 (X)

Built 2014 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.9Built 2010 to 2013 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.9Built 2000 to 2009 1 ±3 1.1% ±3.4Built 1990 to 1999 12 ±11 13.8% ±3.4Built 1980 to 1989 22 ±17 25.3% ±16.1Built 1970 to 1979 23 ±23 26.4% ±23.8Built 1960 to 1969 24 ±15 27.6% ±12.3Built 1950 to 1959 3 ±4 3.4% ±4.3Built 1940 to 1949 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.9Built 1939 or earlier 2 ±3 2.3% ±3.3

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 87 ±38 87 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.92 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.93 rooms 3 ±4 3.4% ±4.34 rooms 36 ±27 41.4% ±25.25 rooms 21 ±13 24.1% ±10.66 rooms 22 ±19 25.3% ±18.87 rooms 2 ±3 2.3% ±3.38 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.99 rooms or more 3 ±4 3.4% ±4.3Median rooms 4.7 ±0.8 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 87 ±38 87 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.91 bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±14.92 bedrooms 44 ±28 50.6% ±23.43 bedrooms 41 ±21 47.1% ±12.64 bedrooms 1 ±2 1.1% ±2.25 or more bedrooms 1 ±2 1.1% ±2.2

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 74 ±37 74 (X)

Owner-occupied 38 ±18 51.4% ±35.4Renter-occupied 36 ±28 48.6% ±29.0

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.76 ±0.40 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.50 ±0.58 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 74 ±37 74 (X)

Moved in 2017 or later 0 ±18 0.0% ±24.8Moved in 2015 to 2016 7 ±15 9.5% ±19.4Moved in 2010 to 2014 37 ±28 50.0% ±29.2Moved in 2000 to 2009 6 ±15 8.1% ±20.2Moved in 1990 to 1999 5 ±14 6.8% ±18.5Moved in 1989 or earlier 19 ±12 25.7% ±10.3

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 74 ±37 74 (X)

No vehicles available 3 ±14 4.1% ±18.71 vehicle available 26 ±18 35.1% ±17.72 vehicles available 25 ±24 33.8% ±27.03 or more vehicles available 20 ±26 27.0% ±32.3

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 74 ±37 74 (X)

Utility gas 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6Bottled, tank, or LP gas 1 ±2 1.4% ±2.6Electricity 73 ±37 98.6% ±8.2Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6Wood 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 74 ±37 74 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6Lacking complete kitchen facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.6No telephone service available 0 ±18 0.0% ±24.8

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 74 ±37 74 (X)

1.00 or less 74 ±33 100.0% ±66.71.01 to 1.50 0 ±18 0.0% ±24.81.51 or more 0 ±26 0.0% ±35.1

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 38 ±18 38 (X)

Less than $50,000 9 ±34 23.7% ±87.6$50,000 to $99,999 19 ±13 50.0% ±25.4$100,000 to $149,999 8 ±8 21.1% ±18.7$150,000 to $199,999 2 ±13 5.3% ±35.0$200,000 to $299,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±48.4$300,000 to $499,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±48.4$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±48.4$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±59.3Median (dollars) 72,500 ±14,768 (X) (X)

18


MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 38 ±18 38 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 17 ±12 44.7% ±23.4Housing units without a mortgage 21 ±15 55.3% ±29.5

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 17 ±12 17 (X)

Less than $500 0 ±26 0.0% ±152.9$500 to $999 10 ±16 58.8% ±83.6$1,000 to $1,499 7 ±8 41.2% ±37.5$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±76.5$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±76.5$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±76.5$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±132.5Median (dollars) 975 ±110 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 21 ±15 21 (X)Less than $250 3 ±23 14.3% ±110.5$250 to $399 10 ±9 47.6% ±26.9$400 to $599 2 ±13 9.5% ±63.2$600 to $799 5 ±15 23.8% ±68.2$800 to $999 1 ±13 4.8% ±62.5$1,000 or more 0 ±32 0.0% ±151.6Median (dollars) 369 ±139 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

17 ±26 17 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 5 ±16 29.4% ±81.120.0 to 24.9 percent 5 ±7 29.4% ±61.125.0 to 29.9 percent 2 ±3 11.8% ±25.230.0 to 34.9 percent 4 ±5 23.5% ±46.535.0 percent or more 1 ±19 5.9% ±109.2

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

17 ±28 17 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 12 ±9 70.6% ±128.410.0 to 14.9 percent 1 ±2 5.9% ±6.615.0 to 19.9 percent 2 ±5 11.8% ±22.020.0 to 24.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±76.525.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±76.530.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±76.535.0 percent or more 2 ±13 11.8% ±75.8


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 35 ±28 35 (X)

Less than $500 0 ±39 0.0% ±111.4$500 to $999 35 ±33 100.0% ±51.7$1,000 to $1,499 0 ±18 0.0% ±52.5$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.1$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.1$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.1$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±52.5Median (dollars) 708 ±49 (X) (X)

No rent paid 1 ±2 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

35 ±36 35 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 4 ±14 11.4% ±39.215.0 to 19.9 percent 6 ±11 17.1% ±26.020.0 to 24.9 percent 1 ±2 2.9% ±4.925.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.130.0 to 34.9 percent 4 ±5 11.4% ±8.135.0 percent or more 20 ±28 57.1% ±53.3


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 195 ±89 195 (X)

Male 79 ±39 40.5% ±7.6Female 116 ±63 59.5% ±17.5Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 68.1 ±50.0 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 12 ±22 6.2% ±11.05 to 9 years 21 ±16 10.8% ±6.410 to 14 years 18 ±17 9.2% ±7.615 to 19 years 9 ±20 4.6% ±9.920 to 24 years 9 ±24 4.6% ±11.925 to 34 years 35 ±33 17.9% ±14.535 to 44 years 9 ±18 4.6% ±9.245 to 54 years 16 ±14 8.2% ±6.355 to 59 years 18 ±16 9.2% ±7.160 to 64 years 8 ±20 4.1% ±10.065 to 74 years 29 ±18 14.9% ±6.475 to 84 years 9 ±15 4.6% ±7.585 years and over 2 ±13 1.0% ±6.8

Median age (years) 32.8 ±15.4 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 53 ±35 27.2% ±12.916 years and over 144 ±63 73.8% ±46.718 years and over 142 ±61 72.8% ±45.821 years and over 133 ±58 68.2% ±43.162 years and over 48 ±28 24.6% ±9.165 years and over 40 ±27 20.5% ±10.3

18 years and over 142 ±61 142 (X)Male 63 ±41 44.4% ±22.0Female 79 ±45 55.6% ±20.9Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 79.7 ±25.9 (X) (X)

65 years and over 40 ±27 40 (X)Male 23 ±25 57.5% ±49.0Female 17 ±11 42.5% ±39.1Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 135.3 ±121.4 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 195 ±89 195 (X)

One race 195 ±89 100.0% ±0.0Two or more races 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7One race 195 ±89 100.0% ±0.0

White 159 ±77 81.5% ±13.2Black or African American 36 ±47 18.5% ±22.6American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7

Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±9.4Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±27.5

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±18.9

Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Two or more races 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7

White and Black or African American 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7White and Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 195 ±89 195 (X)

White 159 ±77 81.5% ±13.2Black or African American 36 ±47 18.5% ±22.6American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 195 ±89 195 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Mexican 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Cuban 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Other Hispanic or Latino 0 ±26 0.0% ±13.3

Not Hispanic or Latino 195 ±89 100.0% ±0.0White alone 159 ±77 81.5% ±13.2Black or African American alone 36 ±47 18.5% ±22.6American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Asian alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Two or more races 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Two races excluding Some other race, and 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.7Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 142 ±53 142 (X)

Male 63 ±34 44.4% ±16.9Female 79 ±41 55.6% ±20.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2014-2018 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

Demographic Proﬁle: Santa Clausdocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Santa_Claus_NN.pdf ·...

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Transcript of Demographic Proﬁle: Santa Clausdocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Santa_Claus_NN.pdf ·...