Demographic Proﬁle: Thunderboltdocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Thunderbolt_NN.pdf ·...

Demographic Profile:Thunderbolt

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2014-18 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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THUNDERBOLT Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

80−84

40−44

65−69

75−79

5−9

10−14

Under 5

70−74

85 and over

45−49

35−39

30−34

60−64

20−24

50−54

25−29

15−19

55−59

100 50 0 50 100

Males

Females

Thunderbolt

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile THUNDERBOLT

Race and Latino Origin

50%

34%

5%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Thunderbolt

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

28%

19%

39%

14%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Thunderbolt

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

34%

18%

48%Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Thunderbolt

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

41%

41%

13%

5%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Thunderbolt

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 2,668 100.0%

Under 5 years 137 5.1%5 to 9 years 141 5.3%10 to 14 years 113 4.2%15 to 19 years 220 8.2%20 to 24 years 197 7.4%25 to 29 years 201 7.5%30 to 34 years 191 7.2%35 to 39 years 156 5.8%40 to 44 years 130 4.9%45 to 49 years 156 5.8%50 to 54 years 189 7.1%55 to 59 years 193 7.2%60 to 64 years 148 5.5%65 to 69 years 127 4.8%70 to 74 years 115 4.3%75 to 79 years 91 3.4%80 to 84 years 69 2.6%85 years and over 94 3.5%

Median age (years) 39.2 (X)

16 years and over 2,259 84.7%18 years and over 2,200 82.5%21 years and over 2,001 75.0%62 years and over 589 22.1%65 years and over 496 18.6%

Male population 1,250 46.9%Under 5 years 67 2.5%5 to 9 years 78 2.9%10 to 14 years 49 1.8%15 to 19 years 103 3.9%20 to 24 years 98 3.7%25 to 29 years 98 3.7%30 to 34 years 108 4.0%35 to 39 years 73 2.7%40 to 44 years 82 3.1%45 to 49 years 77 2.9%50 to 54 years 87 3.3%55 to 59 years 76 2.8%60 to 64 years 63 2.4%65 to 69 years 73 2.7%70 to 74 years 44 1.6%75 to 79 years 34 1.3%80 to 84 years 21 0.8%85 years and over 19 0.7%


16 years and over 1,047 39.2%18 years and over 1,015 38.0%21 years and over 934 35.0%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 224 8.4%65 years and over 191 7.2%

Female population 1,418 53.1%Under 5 years 70 2.6%5 to 9 years 63 2.4%10 to 14 years 64 2.4%15 to 19 years 117 4.4%20 to 24 years 99 3.7%25 to 29 years 103 3.9%30 to 34 years 83 3.1%35 to 39 years 83 3.1%40 to 44 years 48 1.8%45 to 49 years 79 3.0%50 to 54 years 102 3.8%55 to 59 years 117 4.4%60 to 64 years 85 3.2%65 to 69 years 54 2.0%70 to 74 years 71 2.7%75 to 79 years 57 2.1%80 to 84 years 48 1.8%85 years and over 75 2.8%


16 years and over 1,212 45.4%18 years and over 1,185 44.4%21 years and over 1,067 40.0%62 years and over 365 13.7%65 years and over 305 11.4%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 2,668 100.0%

One Race 2,597 97.3%White 1,411 52.9%Black or African American 936 35.1%American Indian and Alaska Native 15 0.6%Asian 122 4.6%

Asian Indian 2 0.1%Chinese 11 0.4%Filipino 2 0.1%Japanese 4 0.1%Korean 3 0.1%Vietnamese 89 3.3%Other Asian 11 0.4%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 2 0.1%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 2 0.1%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 111 4.2%Two or More Races 71 2.7%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 8 0.3%White; Asian 15 0.6%White; Black or African American 14 0.5%White; Some Other Race 4 0.1%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 1,461 54.8%Black or African American 969 36.3%American Indian and Alaska Native 42 1.6%Asian 145 5.4%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 10 0.4%Some Other Race 127 4.8%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 2,668 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 239 9.0%Mexican 136 5.1%Puerto Rican 17 0.6%Cuban 6 0.2%Other Hispanic or Latino 80 3.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 2,429 91.0%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 2,668 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 239 9.0%White alone 70 2.6%Black or African American alone 27 1.0%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 11 0.4%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 109 4.1%Two or More Races 22 0.8%

Not Hispanic or Latino 2,429 91.0%White alone 1,341 50.3%Black or African American alone 909 34.1%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 4 0.1%Asian alone 122 4.6%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 2 0.1%Some Other Race alone 2 0.1%Two or More Races 49 1.8%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 2,668 100.0%

In households 2,385 89.4%Householder 1,088 40.8%Spouse 365 13.7%Child 508 19.0%

Own child under 18 years 383 14.4%Other relatives 174 6.5%

Under 18 years 60 2.2%65 years and over 26 1.0%

Nonrelatives 250 9.4%Under 18 years 24 0.9%65 years and over 11 0.4%

Unmarried partner 79 3.0%

In group quarters 283 10.6%Institutionalized population 126 4.7%

Male 23 0.9%Female 103 3.9%

Noninstitutionalized population 157 5.9%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 59 2.2%Female 98 3.7%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 1,088 100.0%

Family households (families) 565 51.9%With own children under 18 years 212 19.5%

Husband-wife family 365 33.5%With own children under 18 years 106 9.7%

Male householder, no wife present 46 4.2%With own children under 18 years 17 1.6%

Female householder, no husband present 154 14.2%With own children under 18 years 89 8.2%

Nonfamily households 523 48.1%Householder living alone 396 36.4%

Male 181 16.6%65 years and over 33 3.0%

Female 215 19.8%65 years and over 88 8.1%

Households with individuals under 18 years 255 23.4%Households with individuals 65 years and over 299 27.5%

Average household size 2.19 (X)Average family size 2.85 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 1,262 100.0%

Occupied housing units 1,088 86.2%Vacant housing units 174 13.8%

For rent 64 5.1%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 28 2.2%Sold, not occupied 7 0.6%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 40 3.2%All other vacants 35 2.8%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 4.4 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 11.5 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 1,088 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 595 54.7%Population in owner-occupied housing units 1,302 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.19 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 493 45.3%Population in renter-occupied housing units 1,083 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.20 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

THUNDERBOLT ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Thunderbolt Chatham County Coastal Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2014-18 Profile THUNDERBOLT

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

Family households (families) 549 ±88 52.6% ±6.6With own children of the householder under 18 years 190 ±66 18.2% ±6.0

Married-couple family 396 ±81 37.9% ±6.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 120 ±54 11.5% ±5.0

Male householder, no wife present, family 56 ±40 5.4% ±3.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 36 ±30 3.4% ±2.9

Female householder, no husband present, family 97 ±41 9.3% ±3.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 34 ±22 3.3% ±2.1

Nonfamily households 495 ±105 47.4% ±8.9Householder living alone 305 ±85 29.2% ±7.665 years and over 121 ±52 11.6% ±4.8

Households with one or more people under 18 years 242 ±61 23.2% ±5.4Households with one or more people 65 years and over 322 ±72 30.8% ±6.2

Average household size 2.41 ±0.26 (X) (X)Average family size 3.03 ±0.61 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 2,520 ±99 2,520 (X)

Householder 1,044 ±137 41.4% ±5.2Spouse 396 ±78 15.7% ±3.0Child 478 ±139 19.0% ±5.5Other relatives 241 ±95 9.6% ±3.8Nonrelatives 361 ±155 14.3% ±6.1

Unmarried partner 117 ±49 4.6% ±1.9

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 1,054 ±112 1,054 (X)

Never married 384 ±88 36.4% ±7.4Now married, except separated 451 ±94 42.8% ±7.6Separated 20 ±29 1.9% ±2.7Widowed 16 ±17 1.5% ±1.6Divorced 183 ±72 17.4% ±6.6

Females 15 years and over 1,267 ±83 1,267 (X)Never married 414 ±89 32.7% ±6.7Now married, except separated 429 ±84 33.9% ±6.2Separated 35 ±27 2.8% ±2.1Widowed 200 ±71 15.8% ±5.5Divorced 189 ±64 14.9% ±5.0

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

42 ±33 42 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 38 ±31 90.5% ±19.9Per 1,000 unmarried women 86 ±68 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 66 ±51 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±236 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 119 ±84 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±90 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

121 ±58 121 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 10 ±14 8.3% ±10.9Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±15.21 or 2 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±10.73 or 4 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±10.75 or more years 10 ±14 8.3% ±10.9

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

10 ±14 10 (X)

Who are female 10 ±14 100.0% ±0.0Who are married 10 ±14 100.0% ±0.0

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 502 ±115 502 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 36 ±29 7.2% ±5.5Kindergarten 46 ±52 9.2% ±10.1Elementary school (grades 1-8) 170 ±65 33.9% ±10.3High school (grades 9-12) 85 ±44 16.9% ±7.9College or graduate school 165 ±70 32.9% ±11.8

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 1,979 ±114 1,979 (X)

Less than 9th grade 92 ±53 4.6% ±2.69th to 12th grade, no diploma 154 ±67 7.8% ±3.4High school graduate (includes equivalency) 472 ±94 23.9% ±4.5Some college, no degree 448 ±116 22.6% ±5.7Associate’s degree 127 ±42 6.4% ±2.1Bachelor’s degree 472 ±105 23.9% ±5.1Graduate or professional degree 214 ±73 10.8% ±3.6

Percent high school graduate or higher 87.6% ±8.8 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 34.7% ±6.2 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 2,225 ±91 2,225 (X)

Civilian veterans 222 ±58 10.0% ±2.6

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 2,513 ±99 2,513 (X)With a disability 382 ±98 15.2% ±3.9

Under 18 years 407 ±122 407 (X)With a disability 19 ±33 4.7% ±8.0

18 to 64 years 1,683 ±169 1,683 (X)With a disability 158 ±56 9.4% ±3.2

65 years and over 423 ±92 423 (X)With a disability 205 ±74 48.5% ±13.8

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 2,624 ±35 2,624 (X)

Same house 2,210 ±109 84.2% ±4.0Different house in the U.S. 362 ±114 13.8% ±4.3

Same county 200 ±86 7.6% ±3.3Different county 162 ±75 6.2% ±2.9Same state 61 ±42 2.3% ±1.6Different state 101 ±62 3.8% ±2.4

Abroad 52 ±37 2.0% ±1.4

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,643 ±25 2,643 (X)

Native 2,365 ±150 89.5% ±5.6Born in United States 2,326 ±232 88.0% ±8.7State of residence 1,522 ±170 57.6% ±6.4Different state 804 ±158 30.4% ±6.0

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

39 ±32 1.5% ±1.2

Foreign born 278 ±150 10.5% ±5.7

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 278 ±150 278 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 59 ±38 21.2% ±7.5Not a U.S. citizen 219 ±137 78.8% ±24.9

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 317 ±155 317 (X)

Native 39 ±39 39 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±33.3Entered before 2010 39 ±36 100.0% ±136.1

Foreign born 278 ±150 278 (X)Entered 2010 or later 61 ±46 21.9% ±11.6Entered before 2010 217 ±108 78.1% ±57.3

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

278 ±150 278 (X)

Europe 27 ±27 9.7% ±8.2Asia 57 ±48 20.5% ±13.3Africa 29 ±25 10.4% ±7.0Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.7Latin America 159 ±131 57.2% ±35.6Northern America 6 ±10 2.2% ±3.4

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 2,541 ±51 2,541 (X)

English only 2,243 ±220 88.3% ±8.5Language other than English 298 ±137 11.7% ±5.4

Speak English less than ’very well’ 196 ±117 7.7% ±4.6Spanish 171 ±122 6.7% ±4.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 134 ±95 5.3% ±3.8

Other Indo-European languages 76 ±49 3.0% ±1.9Speak English less than ’very well’ 27 ±36 1.1% ±1.4

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 40 ±33 1.6% ±1.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 35 ±41 1.4% ±1.6

Other languages 11 ±25 0.4% ±1.0Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±1.5

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,643 ±25 2,643 (X)

American 192 ±84 7.3% ±3.2Arab 23 ±30 0.9% ±1.1Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Danish 13 ±22 0.5% ±0.8Dutch 30 ±21 1.1% ±0.8English 165 ±61 6.2% ±2.3French (except Basque) 58 ±35 2.2% ±1.3French Canadian 6 ±10 0.2% ±0.4German 153 ±61 5.8% ±2.3Greek 4 ±6 0.2% ±0.2Hungarian 35 ±32 1.3% ±1.2Irish 300 ±104 11.4% ±3.9Italian 116 ±68 4.4% ±2.6Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Norwegian 26 ±21 1.0% ±0.8Polish 4 ±6 0.2% ±0.2Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Scotch-Irish 21 ±18 0.8% ±0.7Scottish 38 ±28 1.4% ±1.1Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Subsaharan African 59 ±57 2.2% ±2.2Swedish 22 ±22 0.8% ±0.8Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Welsh 19 ±16 0.7% ±0.6West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 34 ±49 1.3% ±1.9

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

With a computer 973 ±97 93.2% ±13.2With a broadband Internet subscription 920 ±100 88.1% ±3.6

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 2,297 ±89 2,297 (X)

In labor force 1,510 ±187 65.7% ±7.7Civilian labor force 1,499 ±187 65.3% ±7.7Employed 1,428 ±183 62.2% ±7.6Unemployed 71 ±72 3.1% ±3.1

Armed Forces 11 ±55 0.5% ±2.4Not in labor force 787 ±136 34.3% ±5.8

Civilian labor force 1,499 ±187 1,499 (X)Unemployment Rate 4.7% ±4.8 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 1,251 ±83 1,251 (X)In labor force 739 ±130 59.1% ±9.6

Civilian labor force 739 ±130 59.1% ±9.6Employed 685 ±125 54.8% ±9.3

own children of the householder under 6 years 139 ±56 139 (X)All parents in family in labor force 118 ±56 84.9% ±20.6

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 203 ±77 203 (X)All parents in family in labor force 182 ±81 89.7% ±20.6

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 1,414 ±145 1,414 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 1,066 ±161 75.4% ±8.4Car, truck, or van – carpooled 201 ±92 14.2% ±6.3Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.9Walked 46 ±36 3.3% ±2.5Other means 17 ±20 1.2% ±1.4Worked at home 84 ±43 5.9% ±3.0

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 20.7 ±2.6 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,428 ±183 1,428 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 608 ±124 42.6% ±6.8Service occupations 195 ±66 13.7% ±4.3Sales and office occupations 259 ±78 18.1% ±5.0Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

136 ±53 9.5% ±3.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 230 ±77 16.1% ±5.0

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,428 ±183 1,428 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 41 ±37 2.9% ±2.6Construction 146 ±69 10.2% ±4.6Manufacturing 83 ±45 5.8% ±3.0Wholesale trade 31 ±29 2.2% ±2.0Retail trade 211 ±75 14.8% ±4.9Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 80 ±31 5.6% ±2.0Information 24 ±19 1.7% ±1.3Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 95 ±60 6.7% ±4.1Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

125 ±54 8.8% ±4.1

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 293 ±86 20.5% ±4.1Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

209 ±79 14.6% ±5.2

Other services, except public administration 30 ±26 2.1% ±1.8Public administration 60 ±31 4.2% ±2.1

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,428 ±183 1,428 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 1,235 ±145 86.5% ±15.0Government workers 116 ±49 8.1% ±3.3Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 77 ±38 5.4% ±2.6Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±1.3

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)Less than $10,000 18 ±14 1.7% ±1.3$10,000 to $14,999 30 ±19 2.9% ±1.8$15,000 to $24,999 113 ±46 10.8% ±4.3$25,000 to $34,999 119 ±49 11.4% ±4.5$35,000 to $49,999 112 ±50 10.7% ±4.5$50,000 to $74,999 231 ±76 22.1% ±4.5$75,000 to $99,999 153 ±48 14.7% ±4.4$100,000 to $149,999 135 ±44 12.9% ±4.0$150,000 to $199,999 85 ±42 8.1% ±3.9$200,000 or more 48 ±30 4.6% ±2.8Median household income (dollars) 63,889 ±11,453 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 80,764 ±6,524 (X) (X)

With earnings 815 ±91 78.1% ±3.8Mean earnings (dollars) 79,689 ±9,307 (X) (X)

With Social Security 310 ±64 29.7% ±5.4Mean Social Security income (dollars) 20,263 ±1,572 (X) (X)

With retirement income 196 ±56 18.8% ±5.0Mean retirement income (dollars) 39,478 ±9,066 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 64 ±44 6.1% ±4.2Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 8,423 ±2,258 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 8 ±13 0.8% ±1.2Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 110 ±46 10.5% ±4.3

Families 549 ±88 549 (X)Less than $10,000 13 ±15 2.4% ±2.7$10,000 to $14,999 13 ±14 2.4% ±2.5$15,000 to $24,999 53 ±30 9.7% ±5.3$25,000 to $34,999 71 ±41 12.9% ±7.1$35,000 to $49,999 41 ±30 7.5% ±5.3$50,000 to $74,999 131 ±59 23.9% ±10.1$75,000 to $99,999 77 ±30 14.0% ±5.0$100,000 to $149,999 78 ±32 14.2% ±5.3$150,000 to $199,999 52 ±36 9.5% ±6.4$200,000 or more 20 ±15 3.6% ±2.7Median family income (dollars) 64,917 ±12,715 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 81,838 ±12,840 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 35,023 ±5,237 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 495 ±105 495 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 62,604 ±15,731 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 78,694 ±11,692 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 36,131 ±4,247 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

43,750 ±7,160 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

41,450 ±8,141 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 2,513 ±99 2,513 (X)With health insurance coverage 2,082 ±217 82.8% ±8.0With private health insurance 1,644 ±208 65.4% ±7.9With public coverage 716 ±126 28.5% ±4.9No health insurance coverage 431 ±151 17.2% ±6.0

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 418 ±92 418 (X)No health insurance coverage 47 ±60 11.2% ±14.2

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 1,672 ±121 1,672 (X)In labor force: 1,385 ±135 1,385 (X)Employed: 1,332 ±141 1,332 (X)With health insurance coverage 1,052 ±162 79.0% ±8.8With private health insurance 993 ±156 74.5% ±8.7With public coverage 67 ±44 5.0% ±3.3No health insurance coverage 280 ±106 21.0% ±7.6

Unemployed: 53 ±30 53 (X)With health insurance coverage 26 ±27 49.1% ±42.7With private health insurance 21 ±26 39.6% ±43.6With public coverage 5 ±7 9.4% ±12.1No health insurance coverage 27 ±23 50.9% ±32.4

Not in labor force: 287 ±71 287 (X)With health insurance coverage 219 ±64 76.3% ±11.9With private health insurance 142 ±46 49.5% ±10.3With public coverage 105 ±46 36.6% ±13.2No health insurance coverage 68 ±48 23.7% ±15.7

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 9.7% ±5.1 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 16.3% ±12.3 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only23.3% ±37.1 (X) (X)

Married couple families 6.6% ±5.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 13.3% ±14.6 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±72.2 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 27.8% ±17.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 34.6% ±24.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only51.9% ±41.7 (X) (X)

All people 13.0% ±6.0 (X) (X)Under 18 years 22.0% ±13.5 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 22.4% ±16.9 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 41.2% ±30.4 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 15.1% ±17.9 (X) (X)

18 years and over 11.4% ±3.7 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 10.9% ±3.7 (X) (X)65 years and over 13.5% ±11.0 (X) (X)

People in families 13.2% ±8.6 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 12.5% ±6.5 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,186 ±122 1,186 (X)

Occupied housing units 1,044 ±105 88.0% ±12.7Vacant housing units 142 ±65 12.0% ±5.3

Homeowner vacancy rate 3.2 ±3.8 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 2.6 ±4.2 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,186 ±122 1,186 (X)

1-unit, detached 652 ±86 55.0% ±4.51-unit, attached 31 ±20 2.6% ±1.72 units 22 ±22 1.9% ±1.83 or 4 units 19 ±16 1.6% ±1.35 to 9 units 123 ±44 10.4% ±3.610 to 19 units 133 ±41 11.2% ±3.320 or more units 106 ±51 8.9% ±4.2Mobile home 100 ±41 8.4% ±3.3Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.1

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,186 ±122 1,186 (X)

Built 2014 or later 24 ±26 2.0% ±2.2Built 2010 to 2013 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.1Built 2000 to 2009 127 ±49 10.7% ±4.0Built 1990 to 1999 218 ±63 18.4% ±4.0Built 1980 to 1989 156 ±66 13.2% ±5.4Built 1970 to 1979 183 ±66 15.4% ±5.3Built 1960 to 1969 106 ±58 8.9% ±4.8Built 1950 to 1959 177 ±59 14.9% ±4.7Built 1940 to 1949 112 ±45 9.4% ±3.7Built 1939 or earlier 83 ±40 7.0% ±3.3

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,186 ±122 1,186 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.12 rooms 12 ±20 1.0% ±1.73 rooms 86 ±38 7.3% ±3.14 rooms 268 ±66 22.6% ±5.15 rooms 306 ±83 25.8% ±6.56 rooms 209 ±72 17.6% ±5.87 rooms 160 ±54 13.5% ±4.38 rooms 76 ±43 6.4% ±3.69 rooms or more 69 ±35 5.8% ±2.9Median rooms 5.2 ±0.3 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,186 ±122 1,186 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.11 bedroom 55 ±33 4.6% ±2.72 bedrooms 447 ±88 37.7% ±6.33 bedrooms 546 ±95 46.0% ±6.54 bedrooms 110 ±56 9.3% ±4.65 or more bedrooms 28 ±25 2.4% ±2.1

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

Owner-occupied 565 ±86 54.1% ±6.2Renter-occupied 479 ±81 45.9% ±6.2

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.26 ±0.14 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.59 ±0.28 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

Moved in 2017 or later 113 ±52 10.8% ±4.9Moved in 2015 to 2016 147 ±52 14.1% ±4.8Moved in 2010 to 2014 294 ±83 28.2% ±7.5Moved in 2000 to 2009 234 ±68 22.4% ±6.1Moved in 1990 to 1999 114 ±49 10.9% ±4.5Moved in 1989 or earlier 142 ±40 13.6% ±3.6

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

No vehicles available 70 ±37 6.7% ±3.51 vehicle available 389 ±95 37.3% ±8.32 vehicles available 425 ±81 40.7% ±6.63 or more vehicles available 160 ±62 15.3% ±5.7

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

Utility gas 388 ±79 37.2% ±6.6Bottled, tank, or LP gas 13 ±14 1.2% ±1.3Electricity 633 ±96 60.6% ±6.9Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.2Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.2Wood 4 ±6 0.4% ±0.6Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.2Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.2No fuel used 6 ±8 0.6% ±0.8

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.2Lacking complete kitchen facilities 23 ±37 2.2% ±3.5No telephone service available 28 ±25 2.7% ±2.4

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 1,044 ±105 1,044 (X)

1.00 or less 1,024 ±137 98.1% ±8.61.01 to 1.50 20 ±19 1.9% ±1.81.51 or more 0 ±26 0.0% ±2.5

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 565 ±86 565 (X)

Less than $50,000 40 ±42 7.1% ±7.3$50,000 to $99,999 28 ±26 5.0% ±4.6$100,000 to $149,999 152 ±57 26.9% ±9.1$150,000 to $199,999 99 ±39 17.5% ±6.4$200,000 to $299,999 152 ±48 26.9% ±7.3$300,000 to $499,999 71 ±36 12.6% ±6.0$500,000 to $999,999 6 ±15 1.1% ±2.7$1,000,000 or more 17 ±31 3.0% ±5.5Median (dollars) 176,000 ±26,814 (X) (X)

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MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 565 ±86 565 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 319 ±65 56.5% ±7.6Housing units without a mortgage 246 ±65 43.5% ±9.4

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 319 ±65 319 (X)

Less than $500 5 ±24 1.6% ±7.4$500 to $999 29 ±30 9.1% ±9.3$1,000 to $1,499 143 ±54 44.8% ±14.3$1,500 to $1,999 98 ±38 30.7% ±10.1$2,000 to $2,499 25 ±19 7.8% ±5.7$2,500 to $2,999 15 ±14 4.7% ±4.3$3,000 or more 4 ±19 1.3% ±6.1Median (dollars) 1,455 ±95 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 246 ±65 246 (X)Less than $250 22 ±20 8.9% ±7.9$250 to $399 65 ±42 26.4% ±15.5$400 to $599 60 ±33 24.4% ±11.8$600 to $799 70 ±34 28.5% ±11.4$800 to $999 15 ±16 6.1% ±6.2$1,000 or more 14 ±29 5.7% ±11.7Median (dollars) 517 ±103 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

315 ±76 315 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 131 ±45 41.6% ±10.020.0 to 24.9 percent 70 ±39 22.2% ±11.125.0 to 29.9 percent 6 ±10 1.9% ±3.130.0 to 34.9 percent 32 ±21 10.2% ±6.235.0 percent or more 76 ±42 24.1% ±12.0

Not computed 4 ±7 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

246 ±70 246 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 108 ±45 43.9% ±13.310.0 to 14.9 percent 43 ±29 17.5% ±10.715.0 to 19.9 percent 30 ±26 12.2% ±10.020.0 to 24.9 percent 33 ±27 13.4% ±10.325.0 to 29.9 percent 4 ±6 1.6% ±2.430.0 to 34.9 percent 10 ±12 4.1% ±4.735.0 percent or more 18 ±23 7.3% ±8.9


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 453 ±80 453 (X)

Less than $500 41 ±51 9.1% ±11.2$500 to $999 143 ±61 31.6% ±12.3$1,000 to $1,499 217 ±64 47.9% ±11.3$1,500 to $1,999 48 ±33 10.6% ±7.0$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.9$2,500 to $2,999 4 ±6 0.9% ±1.3$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±4.1Median (dollars) 1,069 ±65 (X) (X)

No rent paid 26 ±23 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

453 ±104 453 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 102 ±52 22.5% ±10.415.0 to 19.9 percent 123 ±59 27.2% ±11.420.0 to 24.9 percent 61 ±38 13.5% ±7.825.0 to 29.9 percent 32 ±30 7.1% ±6.430.0 to 34.9 percent 42 ±26 9.3% ±5.335.0 percent or more 93 ±40 20.5% ±7.5


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 2,643 ±25 2,643 (X)

Male 1,238 ±115 46.8% ±4.3Female 1,405 ±116 53.2% ±4.4Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 88.1 ±3.8 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 102 ±55 3.9% ±2.15 to 9 years 126 ±67 4.8% ±2.610 to 14 years 94 ±50 3.6% ±1.915 to 19 years 109 ±50 4.1% ±1.920 to 24 years 233 ±74 8.8% ±2.825 to 34 years 533 ±120 20.2% ±4.535 to 44 years 184 ±64 7.0% ±2.445 to 54 years 324 ±80 12.3% ±3.055 to 59 years 174 ±51 6.6% ±1.960 to 64 years 232 ±69 8.8% ±2.665 to 74 years 260 ±68 9.8% ±2.675 to 84 years 165 ±48 6.2% ±1.885 years and over 107 ±52 4.0% ±2.0

Median age (years) 42.5 ±6.8 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 407 ±111 15.4% ±4.216 years and over 2,297 ±89 86.9% ±3.318 years and over 2,236 ±218 84.6% ±8.221 years and over 2,209 ±217 83.6% ±8.262 years and over 669 ±111 25.3% ±4.265 years and over 532 ±98 20.1% ±3.7

18 years and over 2,236 ±218 2,236 (X)Male 1,032 ±150 46.2% ±4.9Female 1,204 ±159 53.8% ±4.8Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 85.7 ±5.1 (X) (X)

65 years and over 532 ±98 532 (X)Male 177 ±55 33.3% ±8.4Female 355 ±81 66.7% ±9.0Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 49.9 ±10.6 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,643 ±25 2,643 (X)

One race 2,579 ±60 97.6% ±2.1Two or more races 64 ±56 2.4% ±2.1One race 2,579 ±60 97.6% ±2.1

White 1,569 ±214 59.4% ±8.1Black or African American 889 ±211 33.6% ±8.0American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5

Asian 65 ±56 2.5% ±2.1Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Chinese 13 ±23 0.5% ±0.9Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Korean 3 ±6 0.1% ±0.2Vietnamese 36 ±40 1.4% ±1.5Other Asian 13 ±53 0.5% ±2.0

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±1.4

Some other race 56 ±72 2.1% ±2.7Two or more races 64 ±56 2.4% ±2.1

White and Black or African American 20 ±26 0.8% ±1.0White and American Indian and Alaska Native 15 ±19 0.6% ±0.7White and Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 2,643 ±25 2,643 (X)

White 1,604 ±211 60.7% ±8.0Black or African American 922 ±220 34.9% ±8.3American Indian and Alaska Native 15 ±19 0.6% ±0.7Asian 94 ±64 3.6% ±2.4Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 16 ±24 0.6% ±0.9Some other race 56 ±72 2.1% ±2.7

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,643 ±25 2,643 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 99 ±84 3.7% ±3.2Mexican 66 ±74 2.5% ±2.8Puerto Rican 22 ±24 0.8% ±0.9Cuban 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Other Hispanic or Latino 11 ±28 0.4% ±1.1

Not Hispanic or Latino 2,544 ±85 96.3% ±3.1White alone 1,526 ±212 57.7% ±8.0Black or African American alone 889 ±211 33.6% ±8.0American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Asian alone 65 ±56 2.5% ±2.1Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Two or more races 64 ±56 2.4% ±2.1Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Two races excluding Some other race, and 64 ±56 2.4% ±2.1Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 2,035 ±169 2,035 (X)

Male 921 ±115 45.3% ±4.2Female 1,114 ±124 54.7% ±4.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2014-2018 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

Demographic Proﬁle: Thunderboltdocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Thunderbolt_NN.pdf ·...

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