Demographic Proﬁle: Lula - Georgia Cities · LULA Decennial 2010 Proﬁle SEX AND AGE (Continued)...

Demographic Profile:Lula

[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2013-17 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

LULA Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

80−84

85 and over

75−79

70−74

65−69

55−59

60−64

15−19

35−39

20−24

40−44

45−49

10−14

5−9

50−54

Under 5

30−34

25−29

200 100 0 100

Males

Females

Lula

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile LULA

Race and Latino Origin

84%

7%

1%5% 2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Lula

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

53%

14%

20%

13%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Lula

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

53%

22%

25%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Lula

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

61%

25%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Lula

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 2,758 100.0%

Under 5 years 266 9.6%5 to 9 years 227 8.2%10 to 14 years 203 7.4%15 to 19 years 152 5.5%20 to 24 years 174 6.3%25 to 29 years 253 9.2%30 to 34 years 219 7.9%35 to 39 years 180 6.5%40 to 44 years 178 6.5%45 to 49 years 201 7.3%50 to 54 years 188 6.8%55 to 59 years 142 5.1%60 to 64 years 122 4.4%65 to 69 years 95 3.4%70 to 74 years 74 2.7%75 to 79 years 46 1.7%80 to 84 years 17 0.6%85 years and over 21 0.8%

Median age (years) 32.3 (X)

16 years and over 2,027 73.5%18 years and over 1,961 71.1%21 years and over 1,879 68.1%62 years and over 326 11.8%65 years and over 253 9.2%

Male population 1,369 49.6%Under 5 years 152 5.5%5 to 9 years 125 4.5%10 to 14 years 107 3.9%15 to 19 years 80 2.9%20 to 24 years 80 2.9%25 to 29 years 128 4.6%30 to 34 years 104 3.8%35 to 39 years 92 3.3%40 to 44 years 83 3.0%45 to 49 years 106 3.8%50 to 54 years 85 3.1%55 to 59 years 72 2.6%60 to 64 years 51 1.8%65 to 69 years 41 1.5%70 to 74 years 34 1.2%75 to 79 years 19 0.7%80 to 84 years 5 0.2%85 years and over 5 0.2%


16 years and over 966 35.0%18 years and over 933 33.8%21 years and over 882 32.0%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 137 5.0%65 years and over 104 3.8%

Female population 1,389 50.4%Under 5 years 114 4.1%5 to 9 years 102 3.7%10 to 14 years 96 3.5%15 to 19 years 72 2.6%20 to 24 years 94 3.4%25 to 29 years 125 4.5%30 to 34 years 115 4.2%35 to 39 years 88 3.2%40 to 44 years 95 3.4%45 to 49 years 95 3.4%50 to 54 years 103 3.7%55 to 59 years 70 2.5%60 to 64 years 71 2.6%65 to 69 years 54 2.0%70 to 74 years 40 1.5%75 to 79 years 27 1.0%80 to 84 years 12 0.4%85 years and over 16 0.6%


16 years and over 1,061 38.5%18 years and over 1,028 37.3%21 years and over 997 36.1%62 years and over 189 6.9%65 years and over 149 5.4%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 2,758 100.0%

One Race 2,700 97.9%White 2,373 86.0%Black or African American 205 7.4%American Indian and Alaska Native 20 0.7%Asian 29 1.1%

Asian Indian 2 0.1%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 9 0.3%Japanese 1 0.0%Korean 1 0.0%Vietnamese 2 0.1%Other Asian 14 0.5%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 73 2.6%Two or More Races 58 2.1%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 26 0.9%White; Asian 9 0.3%White; Black or African American 20 0.7%White; Some Other Race 1 0.0%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 2,429 88.1%Black or African American 227 8.2%American Indian and Alaska Native 46 1.7%Asian 38 1.4%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 76 2.8%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 2,758 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 147 5.3%Mexican 123 4.5%Puerto Rican 2 0.1%Cuban 3 0.1%Other Hispanic or Latino 19 0.7%

Not Hispanic or Latino 2,611 94.7%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 2,758 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 147 5.3%White alone 59 2.1%Black or African American alone 2 0.1%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 13 0.5%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 70 2.5%Two or More Races 3 0.1%

Not Hispanic or Latino 2,611 94.7%White alone 2,314 83.9%Black or African American alone 203 7.4%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 7 0.3%Asian alone 29 1.1%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 3 0.1%Two or More Races 55 2.0%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 2,758 100.0%

In households 2,758 100.0%Householder 972 35.2%Spouse 518 18.8%Child 887 32.2%

Own child under 18 years 685 24.8%Other relatives 238 8.6%

Under 18 years 95 3.4%65 years and over 32 1.2%

Nonrelatives 143 5.2%Under 18 years 17 0.6%65 years and over 11 0.4%

Unmarried partner 64 2.3%

In group quarters 0 0.0%Institutionalized population 0 0.0%

Male 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 972 100.0%

Family households (families) 731 75.2%With own children under 18 years 366 37.7%

Husband-wife family 518 53.3%With own children under 18 years 251 25.8%

Male householder, no wife present 61 6.3%With own children under 18 years 29 3.0%

Female householder, no husband present 152 15.6%With own children under 18 years 86 8.8%

Nonfamily households 241 24.8%Householder living alone 188 19.3%

Male 85 8.7%65 years and over 14 1.4%

Female 103 10.6%65 years and over 44 4.5%

Households with individuals under 18 years 414 42.6%Households with individuals 65 years and over 188 19.3%

Average household size 2.84 (X)Average family size 3.25 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 1,111 100.0%

Occupied housing units 972 87.5%Vacant housing units 139 12.5%

For rent 45 4.1%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 38 3.4%Sold, not occupied 5 0.5%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 3 0.3%All other vacants 48 4.3%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 4.8 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 16.5 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 972 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 745 76.6%Population in owner-occupied housing units 2,066 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.77 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 227 23.4%Population in renter-occupied housing units 692 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 3.05 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

LULA ACS 2013-17 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Lula Banks County Hall County Georgia Mountains Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2013-17 Profile LULA

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 930 ±79 930 (X)

Family households (families) 690 ±61 74.2% ±1.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 383 ±85 41.2% ±8.5

Married-couple family 499 ±73 53.7% ±6.4With own children of the householder under 18 years 257 ±67 27.6% ±6.8

Male householder, no wife present, family 57 ±33 6.1% ±3.5With own children of the householder under 18 years 42 ±31 4.5% ±3.3

Female householder, no husband present, family 134 ±46 14.4% ±4.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 84 ±43 9.0% ±4.6

Nonfamily households 240 ±62 25.8% ±6.3Householder living alone 191 ±58 20.5% ±6.065 years and over 79 ±31 8.5% ±3.3

Households with one or more people under 18 years 440 ±59 47.3% ±4.9Households with one or more people 65 years and over 203 ±54 21.8% ±5.5

Average household size 3.07 ±0.27 (X) (X)Average family size 3.57 ±0.41 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)

Householder 930 ±87 32.6% ±2.9Spouse 491 ±65 17.2% ±2.2Child 979 ±106 34.3% ±3.6Other relatives 304 ±110 10.6% ±3.8Nonrelatives 153 ±83 5.4% ±2.9

Unmarried partner 41 ±30 1.4% ±1.1

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 1,107 ±125 1,107 (X)

Never married 317 ±103 28.6% ±8.7Now married, except separated 524 ±76 47.3% ±4.4Separated 99 ±74 8.9% ±6.6Widowed 45 ±31 4.1% ±2.8Divorced 122 ±49 11.0% ±4.2

Females 15 years and over 1,116 ±124 1,116 (X)Never married 300 ±100 26.9% ±8.4Now married, except separated 510 ±73 45.7% ±4.1Separated 19 ±17 1.7% ±1.5Widowed 72 ±26 6.5% ±2.2Divorced 215 ±63 19.3% ±5.2

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

42 ±26 42 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 9 ±13 21.4% ±28.0Per 1,000 unmarried women 23 ±32 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 55 ±33 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±184 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 126 ±69 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±57 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

159 ±98 159 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 20 ±19 12.6% ±9.1Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±11.61 or 2 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.23 or 4 years 5 ±8 3.1% ±4.65 or more years 15 ±18 9.4% ±9.7

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

20 ±19 20 (X)

Who are female 15 ±14 75.0% ±99.9Who are married 10 ±15 50.0% ±58.0

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 822 ±123 822 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 44 ±31 5.4% ±3.7Kindergarten 97 ±49 11.8% ±5.7Elementary school (grades 1-8) 282 ±80 34.3% ±8.3High school (grades 9-12) 209 ±82 25.4% ±9.2College or graduate school 190 ±64 23.1% ±7.0

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 1,751 ±149 1,751 (X)

Less than 9th grade 100 ±55 5.7% ±3.19th to 12th grade, no diploma 244 ±74 13.9% ±4.0High school graduate (includes equivalency) 526 ±101 30.0% ±5.2Some college, no degree 474 ±101 27.1% ±5.3Associate’s degree 132 ±55 7.5% ±3.0Bachelor’s degree 108 ±45 6.2% ±2.5Graduate or professional degree 167 ±90 9.5% ±5.1

Percent high school graduate or higher 80.4% ±7.9 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 15.7% ±5.6 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 2,054 ±122 2,054 (X)

Civilian veterans 202 ±57 9.8% ±2.7

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)With a disability 434 ±95 15.2% ±3.3

Under 18 years 803 ±148 803 (X)With a disability 82 ±53 10.2% ±6.3

18 to 64 years 1,774 ±167 1,774 (X)With a disability 190 ±57 10.7% ±3.0

65 years and over 280 ±70 280 (X)With a disability 162 ±55 57.9% ±13.5

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 2,811 ±84 2,811 (X)

Same house 2,428 ±167 86.4% ±5.4Different house in the U.S. 362 ±151 12.9% ±5.4

Same county 164 ±109 5.8% ±3.9Different county 198 ±105 7.0% ±3.7Same state 189 ±104 6.7% ±3.7Different state 9 ±13 0.3% ±0.5

Abroad 21 ±34 0.7% ±1.2

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)

Native 2,612 ±171 91.4% ±5.5Born in United States 2,593 ±234 90.8% ±7.8State of residence 1,890 ±193 66.2% ±6.5Different state 703 ±132 24.6% ±4.6

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

19 ±29 0.7% ±1.0

Foreign born 245 ±156 8.6% ±5.5

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 245 ±156 245 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 122 ±110 49.8% ±31.8Not a U.S. citizen 123 ±78 50.2% ±45.1

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 264 ±157 264 (X)

Native 19 ±37 19 (X)Entered 2010 or later 19 ±29 100.0% ±246.2Entered before 2010 0 ±23 0.0% ±118.5

Foreign born 245 ±156 245 (X)Entered 2010 or later 72 ±60 29.4% ±15.8Entered before 2010 173 ±117 70.6% ±16.4

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

245 ±156 245 (X)

Europe 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.3Asia 21 ±34 8.6% ±12.8Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.3Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.3Latin America 210 ±143 85.7% ±20.7Northern America 14 ±21 5.7% ±7.8

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 2,662 ±108 2,662 (X)

English only 2,324 ±191 87.3% ±6.2Language other than English 338 ±169 12.7% ±6.3

Speak English less than ’very well’ 177 ±136 6.6% ±5.1Spanish 310 ±162 11.6% ±6.1Speak English less than ’very well’ 156 ±116 5.9% ±4.4

Other Indo-European languages 21 ±39 0.8% ±1.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 21 ±42 0.8% ±1.6

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 7 ±21 0.3% ±0.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±1.5

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±0.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±1.5

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)

American 572 ±230 20.0% ±8.0Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Dutch 26 ±27 0.9% ±0.9English 148 ±77 5.2% ±2.7French (except Basque) 50 ±72 1.8% ±2.5French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5German 258 ±100 9.0% ±3.5Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Hungarian 17 ±27 0.6% ±0.9Irish 237 ±118 8.3% ±4.1Italian 73 ±55 2.6% ±1.9Lithuanian 6 ±11 0.2% ±0.4Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Polish 19 ±17 0.7% ±0.6Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Scotch-Irish 37 ±31 1.3% ±1.1Scottish 47 ±34 1.6% ±1.2Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Swedish 7 ±10 0.2% ±0.3Swiss 4 ±6 0.1% ±0.2Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Welsh 13 ±21 0.5% ±0.7West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 930 ±79 930 (X)

With a computer 741 ±87 79.7% ±6.5With a broadband Internet subscription 659 ±79 70.9% ±6.0

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 2,129 ±122 2,129 (X)

In labor force 1,414 ±184 66.4% ±7.8Civilian labor force 1,414 ±184 66.4% ±7.8Employed 1,356 ±183 63.7% ±7.8Unemployed 58 ±63 2.7% ±2.9

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±2.7Not in labor force 715 ±121 33.6% ±5.3

Civilian labor force 1,414 ±184 1,414 (X)Unemployment Rate 4.1% ±4.4 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 1,055 ±118 1,055 (X)In labor force 637 ±124 60.4% ±9.6

Civilian labor force 637 ±124 60.4% ±9.6Employed 615 ±122 58.3% ±9.5

own children of the householder under 6 years 216 ±79 216 (X)All parents in family in labor force 171 ±81 79.2% ±24.1

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 528 ±108 528 (X)All parents in family in labor force 400 ±129 75.8% ±18.9

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 1,324 ±149 1,324 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 1,146 ±151 86.6% ±5.9Car, truck, or van – carpooled 113 ±52 8.5% ±3.8Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.0Walked 34 ±41 2.6% ±3.1Other means 20 ±25 1.5% ±1.9Worked at home 11 ±12 0.8% ±0.9

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 25.3 ±0.5 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,356 ±183 1,356 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 294 ±72 21.7% ±4.5Service occupations 202 ±78 14.9% ±5.4Sales and office occupations 423 ±96 31.2% ±5.7Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

107 ±49 7.9% ±3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 330 ±113 24.3% ±7.7

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,356 ±183 1,356 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 11 ±22 0.8% ±1.6Construction 75 ±45 5.5% ±3.2Manufacturing 293 ±102 21.6% ±6.9Wholesale trade 45 ±26 3.3% ±1.9Retail trade 206 ±79 15.2% ±5.4Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 77 ±66 5.7% ±4.8Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±1.4Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 38 ±30 2.8% ±2.1Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

90 ±43 6.6% ±2.1

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 285 ±72 21.0% ±2.1Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

77 ±44 5.7% ±3.2

Other services, except public administration 84 ±47 6.2% ±3.4Public administration 75 ±46 5.5% ±3.3

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 1,356 ±183 1,356 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 1,127 ±164 83.1% ±4.6Government workers 190 ±66 14.0% ±4.5Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 39 ±29 2.9% ±2.1Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±1.4

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2017 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 930 ±79 930 (X)Less than $10,000 24 ±27 2.6% ±2.9$10,000 to $14,999 85 ±43 9.1% ±4.6$15,000 to $24,999 128 ±57 13.8% ±6.0$25,000 to $34,999 86 ±37 9.2% ±3.9$35,000 to $49,999 124 ±58 13.3% ±3.9$50,000 to $74,999 234 ±59 25.2% ±3.9$75,000 to $99,999 150 ±47 16.1% ±4.9$100,000 to $149,999 77 ±46 8.3% ±4.9$150,000 to $199,999 10 ±14 1.1% ±1.5$200,000 or more 12 ±14 1.3% ±1.5Median household income (dollars) 53,095 ±7,110 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 58,404 ±5,767 (X) (X)

With earnings 740 ±62 79.6% ±9.5Mean earnings (dollars) 61,404 ±7,875 (X) (X)

With Social Security 257 ±63 27.6% ±6.4Mean Social Security income (dollars) 18,623 ±2,345 (X) (X)

With retirement income 95 ±32 10.2% ±3.3Mean retirement income (dollars) 16,886 ±4,289 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 18 ±14 1.9% ±1.5Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 12,633 ±5,996 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 38 ±30 4.1% ±3.2Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) 1,345 ±1,442 (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 173 ±61 18.6% ±6.4

Families 690 ±61 690 (X)Less than $10,000 6 ±10 0.9% ±1.4$10,000 to $14,999 30 ±26 4.3% ±3.7$15,000 to $24,999 84 ±48 12.2% ±6.9$25,000 to $34,999 58 ±33 8.4% ±4.7$35,000 to $49,999 94 ±54 13.6% ±7.8$50,000 to $74,999 219 ±57 31.7% ±7.8$75,000 to $99,999 130 ±47 18.8% ±6.6$100,000 to $149,999 54 ±42 7.8% ±6.0$150,000 to $199,999 10 ±14 1.4% ±2.0$200,000 or more 5 ±8 0.7% ±1.2Median family income (dollars) 57,875 ±5,500 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 61,026 ±5,501 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 20,889 ±2,478 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 240 ±62 240 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 25,938 ±13,738 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 46,031 ±20,265 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 31,484 ±1,358 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

41,791 ±5,872 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

31,401 ±1,242 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)With health insurance coverage 2,332 ±216 81.6% ±7.2With private health insurance 1,739 ±191 60.9% ±6.5With public coverage 879 ±157 30.8% ±5.4No health insurance coverage 525 ±150 18.4% ±5.2

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 811 ±102 811 (X)No health insurance coverage 75 ±59 9.2% ±7.1

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 1,766 ±115 1,766 (X)In labor force: 1,360 ±146 1,360 (X)Employed: 1,307 ±148 1,307 (X)With health insurance coverage 1,032 ±128 79.0% ±4.0With private health insurance 1,018 ±127 77.9% ±4.1With public coverage 76 ±32 5.8% ±2.4No health insurance coverage 275 ±125 21.0% ±9.3

Unemployed: 53 ±29 53 (X)With health insurance coverage 31 ±22 58.5% ±26.4With private health insurance 25 ±21 47.2% ±30.1With public coverage 6 ±10 11.3% ±17.8No health insurance coverage 22 ±22 41.5% ±34.7

Not in labor force: 406 ±91 406 (X)With health insurance coverage 253 ±64 62.3% ±7.3With private health insurance 180 ±59 44.3% ±10.6With public coverage 120 ±49 29.6% ±10.1No health insurance coverage 153 ±61 37.7% ±12.4

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 14.6% ±7.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 19.5% ±11.0 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only14.5% ±21.5 (X) (X)

Married couple families 10.8% ±7.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 13.1% ±11.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only13.6% ±17.6 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 19.4% ±19.7 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 26.8% ±25.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only17.6% ±27.0 (X) (X)

All people 15.5% ±7.8 (X) (X)Under 18 years 24.8% ±9.8 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 24.3% ±15.9 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 23.6% ±25.0 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 24.5% ±15.1 (X) (X)

18 years and over 11.9% ±3.8 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 13.0% ±4.3 (X) (X)65 years and over 4.6% ±6.4 (X) (X)

People in families 15.5% ±8.6 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 15.8% ±7.8 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,097 ±102 1,097 (X)

Occupied housing units 930 ±79 84.8% ±10.7Vacant housing units 167 ±65 15.2% ±5.8

Homeowner vacancy rate 2.1 ±3.2 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 0.0 ±4.5 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,097 ±102 1,097 (X)

1-unit, detached 873 ±97 79.6% ±4.81-unit, attached 3 ±5 0.3% ±0.52 units 8 ±13 0.7% ±1.23 or 4 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.25 to 9 units 10 ±16 0.9% ±1.510 to 19 units 10 ±8 0.9% ±0.720 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±1.7Mobile home 193 ±62 17.6% ±5.4Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.2

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,097 ±102 1,097 (X)

Built 2014 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.2Built 2010 to 2013 14 ±16 1.3% ±1.5Built 2000 to 2009 441 ±81 40.2% ±6.4Built 1990 to 1999 177 ±57 16.1% ±6.4Built 1980 to 1989 119 ±37 10.8% ±3.2Built 1970 to 1979 69 ±42 6.3% ±3.8Built 1960 to 1969 99 ±47 9.0% ±4.2Built 1950 to 1959 56 ±37 5.1% ±3.3Built 1940 to 1949 25 ±27 2.3% ±2.5Built 1939 or earlier 97 ±44 8.8% ±3.9

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,097 ±102 1,097 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.22 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.23 rooms 36 ±25 3.3% ±2.34 rooms 131 ±51 11.9% ±4.55 rooms 339 ±82 30.9% ±6.96 rooms 252 ±81 23.0% ±7.17 rooms 170 ±59 15.5% ±5.28 rooms 83 ±45 7.6% ±4.09 rooms or more 86 ±27 7.8% ±2.4Median rooms 5.7 ±0.3 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 1,097 ±102 1,097 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.21 bedroom 26 ±22 2.4% ±2.02 bedrooms 148 ±50 13.5% ±4.43 bedrooms 732 ±110 66.7% ±7.94 bedrooms 174 ±62 15.9% ±5.55 or more bedrooms 17 ±15 1.5% ±1.4

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 930 ±79 930 (X)

Owner-occupied 643 ±93 69.1% ±8.1Renter-occupied 287 ±73 30.9% ±7.4

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.88 ±0.07 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 3.49 ±0.03 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 930 ±79 930 (X)

Moved in 2015 or later 93 ±40 10.0% ±4.2Moved in 2010 to 2014 405 ±87 43.5% ±8.6Moved in 2000 to 2009 265 ±61 28.5% ±6.1Moved in 1990 to 1999 81 ±37 8.7% ±3.9Moved in 1980 to 1989 41 ±23 4.4% ±2.5Moved in 1979 or earlier 45 ±23 4.8% ±2.4

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 930 ±79 930 (X)

No vehicles available 62 ±43 6.7% ±4.61 vehicle available 242 ±64 26.0% ±6.52 vehicles available 376 ±83 40.4% ±8.33 or more vehicles available 250 ±70 26.9% ±7.2

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 930 ±79 930 (X)

Utility gas 163 ±52 17.5% ±5.4Bottled, tank, or LP gas 20 ±16 2.2% ±1.7Electricity 710 ±68 76.3% ±3.4Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 15 ±23 1.6% ±2.5Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.4Wood 14 ±22 1.5% ±2.4Solar energy 8 ±14 0.9% ±1.5Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.4No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.4

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 930 ±79 930 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 3 ±5 0.3% ±0.5Lacking complete kitchen facilities 3 ±5 0.3% ±0.5No telephone service available 48 ±29 5.2% ±3.1

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 930 ±79 930 (X)

1.00 or less 913 ±133 98.2% ±11.61.01 to 1.50 17 ±14 1.8% ±1.51.51 or more 0 ±26 0.0% ±2.8

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 643 ±93 643 (X)

Less than $50,000 47 ±34 7.3% ±5.2$50,000 to $99,999 229 ±73 35.6% ±10.2$100,000 to $149,999 212 ±60 33.0% ±8.0$150,000 to $199,999 74 ±35 11.5% ±5.2$200,000 to $299,999 57 ±43 8.9% ±6.5$300,000 to $499,999 24 ±25 3.7% ±3.8$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±2.9$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.5Median (dollars) 110,200 ±13,819 (X) (X)

18


MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 643 ±93 643 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 473 ±76 73.6% ±5.1Housing units without a mortgage 170 ±58 26.4% ±8.2

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 473 ±76 473 (X)

Less than $500 28 ±28 5.9% ±5.7$500 to $999 238 ±74 50.3% ±13.4$1,000 to $1,499 127 ±45 26.8% ±8.4$1,500 to $1,999 76 ±44 16.1% ±8.9$2,000 to $2,499 4 ±7 0.8% ±1.5$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.7$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±4.8Median (dollars) 970 ±49 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 170 ±58 170 (X)Less than $250 28 ±34 16.5% ±19.5$250 to $399 92 ±43 54.1% ±17.4$400 to $599 45 ±34 26.5% ±17.8$600 to $799 0 ±18 0.0% ±10.8$800 to $999 0 ±18 0.0% ±10.8$1,000 or more 5 ±30 2.9% ±17.7Median (dollars) 342 ±36 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

473 ±91 473 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 209 ±59 44.2% ±9.020.0 to 24.9 percent 74 ±30 15.6% ±5.625.0 to 29.9 percent 65 ±30 13.7% ±5.830.0 to 34.9 percent 53 ±39 11.2% ±8.035.0 percent or more 72 ±40 15.2% ±7.8

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

170 ±61 170 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 84 ±34 49.4% ±9.110.0 to 14.9 percent 5 ±8 2.9% ±4.615.0 to 19.9 percent 56 ±40 32.9% ±20.320.0 to 24.9 percent 10 ±11 5.9% ±6.125.0 to 29.9 percent 15 ±12 8.8% ±6.330.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.635.0 percent or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±13.2


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 243 ±66 243 (X)

Less than $500 19 ±42 7.8% ±17.0$500 to $999 143 ±59 58.8% ±18.4$1,000 to $1,499 81 ±42 33.3% ±14.7$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.3$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.3$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.3$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±7.6Median (dollars) 933 ±69 (X) (X)

No rent paid 44 ±36 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

243 ±81 243 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 29 ±27 11.9% ±10.215.0 to 19.9 percent 53 ±27 21.8% ±8.420.0 to 24.9 percent 36 ±34 14.8% ±13.125.0 to 29.9 percent 14 ±23 5.8% ±9.330.0 to 34.9 percent 6 ±9 2.5% ±3.635.0 percent or more 105 ±58 43.2% ±19.2


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)

Male 1,403 ±129 49.1% ±4.3Female 1,454 ±137 50.9% ±4.6Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 96.5 ±12.7 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 195 ±70 6.8% ±2.55 to 9 years 251 ±98 8.8% ±3.410 to 14 years 188 ±84 6.6% ±2.915 to 19 years 199 ±76 7.0% ±2.620 to 24 years 273 ±92 9.6% ±3.225 to 34 years 392 ±86 13.7% ±3.035 to 44 years 449 ±98 15.7% ±3.445 to 54 years 398 ±106 13.9% ±3.755 to 59 years 127 ±48 4.4% ±1.760 to 64 years 105 ±51 3.7% ±1.865 to 74 years 155 ±50 5.4% ±1.875 to 84 years 115 ±46 4.0% ±1.685 years and over 10 ±12 0.4% ±0.4

Median age (years) 31.9 ±3.3 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 803 ±164 28.1% ±5.716 years and over 2,129 ±122 74.5% ±3.818 years and over 2,054 ±216 71.9% ±7.321 years and over 1,989 ±214 69.6% ±7.362 years and over 327 ±75 11.4% ±2.665 years and over 280 ±69 9.8% ±2.4

18 years and over 2,054 ±216 2,054 (X)Male 1,020 ±156 49.7% ±5.5Female 1,034 ±150 50.3% ±5.0Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 98.6 ±4.5 (X) (X)

65 years and over 280 ±69 280 (X)Male 133 ±48 47.5% ±12.6Female 147 ±50 52.5% ±12.1Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 90.5 ±11.9 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)

One race 2,778 ±95 97.2% ±2.1Two or more races 79 ±57 2.8% ±2.0One race 2,778 ±95 97.2% ±2.1

White 2,312 ±217 80.9% ±7.3Black or African American 270 ±142 9.5% ±5.0American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5

Asian 59 ±51 2.1% ±1.8Asian Indian 21 ±34 0.7% ±1.2Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±0.6Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Japanese 2 ±6 0.1% ±0.2Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Vietnamese 26 ±39 0.9% ±1.4Other Asian 10 ±54 0.4% ±1.9

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±1.3

Some other race 137 ±120 4.8% ±4.2Two or more races 79 ±57 2.8% ±2.0

White and Black or African American 68 ±56 2.4% ±2.0White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5White and Asian 3 ±6 0.1% ±0.2Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)

White 2,391 ±198 83.7% ±6.6Black or African American 338 ±172 11.8% ±6.0American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Asian 62 ±53 2.2% ±1.9Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 4 ±7 0.1% ±0.2Some other race 141 ±120 4.9% ±4.2

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 2,857 ±76 2,857 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 368 ±197 12.9% ±6.9Mexican 195 ±127 6.8% ±4.4Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Cuban 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Other Hispanic or Latino 173 ±186 6.1% ±6.5

Not Hispanic or Latino 2,489 ±211 87.1% ±7.0White alone 2,081 ±230 72.8% ±7.8Black or African American alone 270 ±142 9.5% ±5.0American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Asian alone 59 ±51 2.1% ±1.8Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.5Two or more races 79 ±57 2.8% ±2.0Two races including Some other race 4 ±7 0.1% ±0.2Two races excluding Some other race, and 75 ±56 2.6% ±2.0Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 1,931 ±205 1,931 (X)

Male 963 ±156 49.9% ±6.1Female 968 ±133 50.1% ±4.3

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-17 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2013-2017 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

Demographic Proﬁle: Lula - Georgia Cities · LULA Decennial 2010 Proﬁle SEX AND AGE (Continued)...

Documents

Transcript of Demographic Proﬁle: Lula - Georgia Cities · LULA Decennial 2010 Proﬁle SEX AND AGE (Continued)...