Demographic Proﬁle: Whigham - Georgia Cities...WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Proﬁle SEX AND AGE...

Demographic Profile:Whigham

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2013-17 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

15−19

35−39

40−44

30−34

20−24

60−64

10−14

80−84

5−9

Under 5

25−29

50−54

45−49

65−69

70−74

55−59

75−79

85 and over

20 10 0 10 20

Males

Females

Whigham

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile WHIGHAM

Race and Latino Origin

61%

36%

1%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Whigham

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

37%

33%

14%

16%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Whigham

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

47%

19%

35%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Whigham

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

56%

24%

20%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Whigham

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

Under 5 years 35 7.4%5 to 9 years 19 4.0%10 to 14 years 26 5.5%15 to 19 years 18 3.8%20 to 24 years 18 3.8%25 to 29 years 24 5.1%30 to 34 years 27 5.7%35 to 39 years 16 3.4%40 to 44 years 16 3.4%45 to 49 years 27 5.7%50 to 54 years 32 6.8%55 to 59 years 37 7.9%60 to 64 years 23 4.9%65 to 69 years 34 7.2%70 to 74 years 31 6.6%75 to 79 years 33 7.0%80 to 84 years 24 5.1%85 years and over 31 6.6%

Median age (years) 51.7 (X)

16 years and over 388 82.4%18 years and over 383 81.3%21 years and over 370 78.6%62 years and over 160 34.0%65 years and over 153 32.5%

Male population 202 42.9%Under 5 years 20 4.2%5 to 9 years 4 0.8%10 to 14 years 13 2.8%15 to 19 years 11 2.3%20 to 24 years 6 1.3%25 to 29 years 9 1.9%30 to 34 years 16 3.4%35 to 39 years 7 1.5%40 to 44 years 6 1.3%45 to 49 years 11 2.3%50 to 54 years 16 3.4%55 to 59 years 17 3.6%60 to 64 years 11 2.3%65 to 69 years 15 3.2%70 to 74 years 11 2.3%75 to 79 years 12 2.5%80 to 84 years 9 1.9%85 years and over 8 1.7%


16 years and over 162 34.4%18 years and over 160 34.0%21 years and over 152 32.3%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 56 11.9%65 years and over 55 11.7%

Female population 269 57.1%Under 5 years 15 3.2%5 to 9 years 15 3.2%10 to 14 years 13 2.8%15 to 19 years 7 1.5%20 to 24 years 12 2.5%25 to 29 years 15 3.2%30 to 34 years 11 2.3%35 to 39 years 9 1.9%40 to 44 years 10 2.1%45 to 49 years 16 3.4%50 to 54 years 16 3.4%55 to 59 years 20 4.2%60 to 64 years 12 2.5%65 to 69 years 19 4.0%70 to 74 years 20 4.2%75 to 79 years 21 4.5%80 to 84 years 15 3.2%85 years and over 23 4.9%


16 years and over 226 48.0%18 years and over 223 47.3%21 years and over 218 46.3%62 years and over 104 22.1%65 years and over 98 20.8%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

One Race 471 100.0%White 288 61.1%Black or African American 169 35.9%American Indian and Alaska Native 10 2.1%Asian 0 0.0%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 0 0.0%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 0 0.0%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 0 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 4 0.8%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%White; Asian 0 0.0%White; Black or African American 0 0.0%White; Some Other Race 0 0.0%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 288 61.1%Black or African American 169 35.9%American Indian and Alaska Native 10 2.1%Asian 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 4 0.8%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 4 0.8%Mexican 1 0.2%Puerto Rican 3 0.6%Cuban 0 0.0%Other Hispanic or Latino 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 467 99.2%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 4 0.8%White alone 1 0.2%Black or African American alone 0 0.0%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 3 0.6%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 467 99.2%White alone 287 60.9%Black or African American alone 169 35.9%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 10 2.1%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 1 0.2%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

In households 391 83.0%Householder 161 34.2%Spouse 75 15.9%Child 113 24.0%

Own child under 18 years 70 14.9%Other relatives 34 7.2%

Under 18 years 18 3.8%65 years and over 6 1.3%

Nonrelatives 8 1.7%Under 18 years 0 0.0%65 years and over 1 0.2%

Unmarried partner 5 1.1%

In group quarters 80 17.0%Institutionalized population 80 17.0%

Male 33 7.0%Female 47 10.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 161 100.0%

Family households (families) 105 65.2%With own children under 18 years 39 24.2%

Husband-wife family 75 46.6%With own children under 18 years 26 16.1%

Male householder, no wife present 6 3.7%With own children under 18 years 1 0.6%

Female householder, no husband present 24 14.9%With own children under 18 years 12 7.5%

Nonfamily households 56 34.8%Householder living alone 53 32.9%

Male 16 9.9%65 years and over 2 1.2%

Female 37 23.0%65 years and over 29 18.0%

Households with individuals under 18 years 46 28.6%Households with individuals 65 years and over 67 41.6%

Average household size 2.43 (X)Average family size 3.11 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 191 100.0%

Occupied housing units 161 84.3%Vacant housing units 30 15.7%

For rent 3 1.6%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 0 0.0%Sold, not occupied 0 0.0%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 5 2.6%All other vacants 22 11.5%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 0.0 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 10.0 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 161 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 134 83.2%Population in owner-occupied housing units 318 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.37 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 27 16.8%Population in renter-occupied housing units 73 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.70 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

WHIGHAM ACS 2013-17 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2013-17 Profile WHIGHAM

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 200 ±62 200 (X)

Family households (families) 149 ±53 74.5% ±13.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 84 ±49 42.0% ±20.8

Married-couple family 81 ±37 40.5% ±13.6With own children of the householder under 18 years 34 ±27 17.0% ±12.4

Male householder, no wife present, family 6 ±6 3.0% ±2.9With own children of the householder under 18 years 1 ±2 0.5% ±1.0

Female householder, no husband present, family 62 ±41 31.0% ±18.1With own children of the householder under 18 years 49 ±41 24.5% ±19.0

Nonfamily households 51 ±23 25.5% ±8.4Householder living alone 48 ±23 24.0% ±8.865 years and over 25 ±14 12.5% ±5.8

Households with one or more people under 18 years 94 ±46 47.0% ±17.8Households with one or more people 65 years and over 67 ±29 33.5% ±10.1

Average household size 2.58 ±0.29 (X) (X)Average family size 2.85 ±1.23 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 516 ±170 516 (X)

Householder 200 ±58 38.8% ±17.0Spouse 83 ±35 16.1% ±4.2Child 152 ±72 29.5% ±10.0Other relatives 40 ±39 7.8% ±7.0Nonrelatives 41 ±35 7.9% ±6.3

Unmarried partner 23 ±26 4.5% ±4.9

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 230 ±70 230 (X)

Never married 99 ±52 43.0% ±18.4Now married, except separated 97 ±43 42.2% ±13.4Separated 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.7Widowed 8 ±7 3.5% ±2.9Divorced 26 ±19 11.3% ±7.5

Females 15 years and over 263 ±76 263 (X)Never married 79 ±52 30.0% ±17.8Now married, except separated 86 ±36 32.7% ±10.2Separated 8 ±9 3.0% ±3.3Widowed 38 ±14 14.4% ±3.3Divorced 52 ±32 19.8% ±10.7

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

0 ±13 0 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 0 ±13 .% ±.Per 1,000 unmarried women 0 ±181 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 0 ±102 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±2298 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 0 ±266 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±360 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

19 ±19 19 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 10 ±10 52.6% ±0.0Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±96.81 or 2 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±68.43 or 4 years 8 ±9 42.1% ±21.75 or more years 2 ±3 10.5% ±11.8

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

10 ±10 10 (X)

Who are female 7 ±8 70.0% ±38.7Who are married 6 ±7 60.0% ±36.1

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 155 ±89 155 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.4Kindergarten 5 ±7 3.2% ±4.1Elementary school (grades 1-8) 87 ±56 56.1% ±16.3High school (grades 9-12) 30 ±37 19.4% ±21.1College or graduate school 33 ±32 21.3% ±16.8

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 426 ±119 426 (X)

Less than 9th grade 43 ±33 10.1% ±7.29th to 12th grade, no diploma 62 ±35 14.6% ±7.0High school graduate (includes equivalency) 139 ±42 32.6% ±3.5Some college, no degree 96 ±48 22.5% ±9.2Associate’s degree 31 ±36 7.3% ±8.3Bachelor’s degree 27 ±16 6.3% ±3.4Graduate or professional degree 28 ±29 6.6% ±6.5

Percent high school graduate or higher 75.4% ±28.2 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 12.9% ±6.9 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 446 ±126 446 (X)

Civilian veterans 44 ±29 9.9% ±5.9

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 516 ±170 516 (X)With a disability 137 ±56 26.6% ±6.3

Under 18 years 149 ±63 149 (X)With a disability 12 ±24 8.1% ±15.7

18 to 64 years 284 ±79 284 (X)With a disability 91 ±47 32.0% ±14.0

65 years and over 83 ±29 83 (X)With a disability 34 ±17 41.0% ±14.9

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 594 ±173 594 (X)

Same house 426 ±132 71.7% ±7.6Different house in the U.S. 167 ±113 28.1% ±17.2

Same county 93 ±92 15.7% ±14.8Different county 74 ±66 12.5% ±10.5Same state 62 ±63 10.4% ±10.2Different state 12 ±20 2.0% ±3.3

Abroad 1 ±2 0.2% ±0.3

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 595 ±173 595 (X)

Native 589 ±174 99.0% ±5.2Born in United States 586 ±142 98.5% ±37.3State of residence 383 ±111 64.4% ±26.4Different state 203 ±89 34.1% ±11.2

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

3 ±6 0.5% ±1.0

Foreign born 6 ±8 1.0% ±1.3

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 6 ±8 6 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 3 ±6 50.0% ±74.5Not a U.S. citizen 3 ±4 50.0% ±0.0

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 9 ±10 9 (X)

Native 3 ±23 3 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3Entered before 2010 3 ±19 100.0% ±1009.4

Foreign born 6 ±8 6 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±216.7Entered before 2010 6 ±20 100.0% ±306.4

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

6 ±8 6 (X)

Europe 0 ±13 0.0% ±216.7Asia 0 ±13 0.0% ±216.7Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±216.7Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±216.7Latin America 3 ±6 50.0% ±74.5Northern America 3 ±4 50.0% ±0.0

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 590 ±172 590 (X)

English only 583 ±137 98.8% ±37.0Language other than English 7 ±44 1.2% ±7.4

Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±78 0.0% ±13.2Spanish 7 ±20 1.2% ±3.4Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±6.6

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±6.6

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±6.6

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±6.6

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 595 ±173 595 (X)

American 41 ±31 6.9% ±4.8Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Dutch 3 ±4 0.5% ±0.7English 26 ±19 4.4% ±2.9French (except Basque) 10 ±12 1.7% ±2.0French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2German 29 ±19 4.9% ±2.9Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Irish 62 ±44 10.4% ±6.7Italian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Polish 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Scotch-Irish 5 ±6 0.8% ±1.0Scottish 11 ±11 1.8% ±1.8Slovak 2 ±3 0.3% ±0.5Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Swedish 4 ±7 0.7% ±1.2Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Welsh 4 ±5 0.7% ±0.8West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 200 ±62 200 (X)

With a computer 155 ±55 77.5% ±13.4With a broadband Internet subscription 139 ±52 69.5% ±14.6

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 468 ±129 468 (X)

In labor force 210 ±76 44.9% ±10.6Civilian labor force 210 ±76 44.9% ±10.6Employed 179 ±72 38.2% ±11.3Unemployed 31 ±68 6.6% ±14.3

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±12.4Not in labor force 258 ±68 55.1% ±21.0

Civilian labor force 210 ±76 210 (X)Unemployment Rate 14.8% ±31.8 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 255 ±72 255 (X)In labor force 124 ±57 48.6% ±17.8

Civilian labor force 124 ±57 48.6% ±17.8Employed 99 ±53 38.8% ±17.6

own children of the householder under 6 years 9 ±8 9 (X)All parents in family in labor force 6 ±14 66.7% ±149.7

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 128 ±71 128 (X)All parents in family in labor force 99 ±70 77.3% ±34.3

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 178 ±74 178 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 159 ±73 89.3% ±17.4Car, truck, or van – carpooled 18 ±17 10.1% ±8.6Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.3Walked 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.3Other means 1 ±3 0.6% ±1.7Worked at home 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.3

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 19.6 ±12.3 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 179 ±72 179 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 69 ±42 38.5% ±17.5Service occupations 39 ±36 21.8% ±17.8Sales and office occupations 22 ±18 12.3% ±8.5Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

13 ±16 7.3% ±8.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 36 ±31 20.1% ±15.2

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 179 ±72 179 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 4 ±14 2.2% ±7.9Construction 8 ±16 4.5% ±9.0Manufacturing 21 ±19 11.7% ±9.5Wholesale trade 1 ±13 0.6% ±7.3Retail trade 31 ±26 17.3% ±12.5Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 8 ±8 4.5% ±4.2Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±10.3Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 4 ±4 2.2% ±2.3Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

10 ±16 5.6% ±2.3

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 20 ±13 11.2% ±2.3Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

58 ±48 32.4% ±23.2

Other services, except public administration 11 ±9 6.1% ±4.5Public administration 3 ±4 1.7% ±1.9

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 179 ±72 179 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 163 ±61 91.1% ±50.2Government workers 13 ±25 7.3% ±13.7Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 3 ±14 1.7% ±7.6Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±10.3

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2017 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 200 ±62 200 (X)Less than $10,000 28 ±23 14.0% ±10.6$10,000 to $14,999 11 ±11 5.5% ±5.2$15,000 to $24,999 40 ±21 20.0% ±8.2$25,000 to $34,999 12 ±10 6.0% ±4.8$35,000 to $49,999 33 ±29 16.5% ±4.8$50,000 to $74,999 61 ±43 30.5% ±4.8$75,000 to $99,999 10 ±9 5.0% ±4.2$100,000 to $149,999 4 ±14 2.0% ±7.1$150,000 to $199,999 1 ±2 0.5% ±1.0$200,000 or more 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.5Median household income (dollars) 37,500 ±17,501 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 40,661 ±10,727 (X) (X)

With earnings 140 ±53 70.0% ±15.2Mean earnings (dollars) 40,914 ±14,064 (X) (X)

With Social Security 85 ±35 42.5% ±11.5Mean Social Security income (dollars) 14,059 ±2,576 (X) (X)

With retirement income 22 ±12 11.0% ±4.9Mean retirement income (dollars) 14,341 ±9,322 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 13 ±11 6.5% ±5.1Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 7,731 ±9,016 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 1 ±2 0.5% ±1.0Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 24 ±23 12.0% ±10.9

Families 149 ±53 149 (X)Less than $10,000 19 ±21 12.8% ±13.3$10,000 to $14,999 5 ±8 3.4% ±5.2$15,000 to $24,999 25 ±18 16.8% ±10.5$25,000 to $34,999 5 ±6 3.4% ±4.1$35,000 to $49,999 23 ±25 15.4% ±15.9$50,000 to $74,999 57 ±42 38.3% ±25.1$75,000 to $99,999 10 ±9 6.7% ±5.5$100,000 to $149,999 4 ±14 2.7% ±9.6$150,000 to $199,999 1 ±2 0.7% ±1.3$200,000 or more 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.7Median family income (dollars) 48,438 ±15,230 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 45,458 ±12,317 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 15,228 ±3,199 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 51 ±23 51 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 20,625 ±9,333 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 24,249 ±7,236 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 27,917 ±7,077 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

42,604 ±14,766 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

44,375 ±37,678 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 516 ±170 516 (X)With health insurance coverage 348 ±88 67.4% ±28.0With private health insurance 218 ±66 42.2% ±19.0With public coverage 193 ±61 37.4% ±17.1No health insurance coverage 168 ±77 32.6% ±10.2

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 149 ±74 149 (X)No health insurance coverage 35 ±33 23.5% ±18.8

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 284 ±104 284 (X)In labor force: 194 ±86 194 (X)Employed: 163 ±73 163 (X)With health insurance coverage 103 ±52 63.2% ±14.7With private health insurance 103 ±52 63.2% ±14.7With public coverage 4 ±5 2.5% ±2.9No health insurance coverage 60 ±33 36.8% ±11.8

Unemployed: 31 ±31 31 (X)With health insurance coverage 0 ±13 0.0% ±41.9With private health insurance 0 ±13 0.0% ±41.9With public coverage 0 ±13 0.0% ±41.9No health insurance coverage 31 ±31 100.0% ±0.0

Not in labor force: 90 ±47 90 (X)With health insurance coverage 48 ±22 53.3% ±37.1With private health insurance 22 ±14 24.4% ±8.9With public coverage 37 ±20 41.1% ±5.7No health insurance coverage 42 ±38 46.7% ±34.5

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 16.8% ±13.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 24.2% ±24.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±2251.7 (X) (X)

Married couple families 2.5% ±3.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 2.7% ±5.0 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±1300.0 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 37.1% ±24.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 39.6% ±26.2 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only.% ±. (X) (X)

All people 25.0% ±10.4 (X) (X)Under 18 years 30.6% ±23.5 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 30.1% ±24.2 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 60.0% ±207.3 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 29.0% ±30.5 (X) (X)

18 years and over 22.9% ±11.7 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 26.1% ±13.8 (X) (X)65 years and over 12.0% ±18.2 (X) (X)

People in families 19.6% ±15.4 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 51.7% ±29.5 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 236 ±65 236 (X)

Occupied housing units 200 ±62 84.7% ±12.1Vacant housing units 36 ±18 15.3% ±6.4

Homeowner vacancy rate 9.0 ±7.6 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 3.7 ±7.1 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 236 ±65 236 (X)

1-unit, detached 158 ±48 66.9% ±8.61-unit, attached 1 ±3 0.4% ±1.32 units 5 ±8 2.1% ±3.33 or 4 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.55 to 9 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.510 to 19 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.520 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±7.8Mobile home 72 ±44 30.5% ±16.6Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.5

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 236 ±65 236 (X)

Built 2014 or later 4 ±6 1.7% ±2.5Built 2010 to 2013 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.5Built 2000 to 2009 23 ±16 9.7% ±6.2Built 1990 to 1999 54 ±42 22.9% ±6.2Built 1980 to 1989 27 ±23 11.4% ±9.2Built 1970 to 1979 42 ±26 17.8% ±9.9Built 1960 to 1969 26 ±20 11.0% ±7.9Built 1950 to 1959 7 ±8 3.0% ±3.3Built 1940 to 1949 3 ±4 1.3% ±1.7Built 1939 or earlier 50 ±24 21.2% ±8.3

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 236 ±65 236 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.52 rooms 3 ±6 1.3% ±2.53 rooms 18 ±21 7.6% ±8.64 rooms 59 ±37 25.0% ±14.15 rooms 58 ±32 24.6% ±11.76 rooms 48 ±24 20.3% ±8.57 rooms 35 ±22 14.8% ±8.48 rooms 3 ±4 1.3% ±1.79 rooms or more 12 ±9 5.1% ±3.5Median rooms 5.2 ±0.5 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 236 ±65 236 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.51 bedroom 3 ±6 1.3% ±2.52 bedrooms 56 ±30 23.7% ±10.93 bedrooms 147 ±60 62.3% ±18.84 bedrooms 26 ±14 11.0% ±5.15 or more bedrooms 4 ±5 1.7% ±2.1

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 200 ±62 200 (X)

Owner-occupied 122 ±43 61.0% ±10.2Renter-occupied 78 ±46 39.0% ±19.6

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.54 ±0.32 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.64 ±0.38 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 200 ±62 200 (X)

Moved in 2015 or later 15 ±16 7.5% ±7.7Moved in 2010 to 2014 56 ±39 28.0% ±17.4Moved in 2000 to 2009 56 ±28 28.0% ±11.3Moved in 1990 to 1999 28 ±23 14.0% ±10.7Moved in 1980 to 1989 8 ±15 4.0% ±7.5Moved in 1979 or earlier 37 ±27 18.5% ±12.5

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 200 ±62 200 (X)

No vehicles available 6 ±16 3.0% ±7.91 vehicle available 60 ±29 30.0% ±10.92 vehicles available 71 ±27 35.5% ±7.83 or more vehicles available 63 ±50 31.5% ±22.8

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 200 ±62 200 (X)

Utility gas 3 ±5 1.5% ±2.5Bottled, tank, or LP gas 27 ±19 13.5% ±8.5Electricity 163 ±56 81.5% ±12.1Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 3 ±5 1.5% ±2.5Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.5Wood 3 ±4 1.5% ±1.9Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.5Other fuel 1 ±4 0.5% ±2.0No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.5

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 200 ±62 200 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.5Lacking complete kitchen facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.5No telephone service available 4 ±14 2.0% ±7.1

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 200 ±62 200 (X)

1.00 or less 192 ±62 96.0% ±7.91.01 to 1.50 4 ±15 2.0% ±7.61.51 or more 4 ±24 2.0% ±11.8

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 122 ±43 122 (X)

Less than $50,000 42 ±29 34.4% ±20.5$50,000 to $99,999 57 ±29 46.7% ±16.8$100,000 to $149,999 11 ±8 9.0% ±5.6$150,000 to $199,999 9 ±8 7.4% ±6.5$200,000 to $299,999 1 ±13 0.8% ±10.8$300,000 to $499,999 2 ±13 1.6% ±10.9$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±15.1$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±18.5Median (dollars) 72,200 ±16,988 (X) (X)

18


MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 122 ±43 122 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 61 ±31 50.0% ±18.3Housing units without a mortgage 61 ±22 50.0% ±3.8

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 61 ±31 61 (X)

Less than $500 4 ±19 6.6% ±31.1$500 to $999 49 ±30 80.3% ±28.2$1,000 to $1,499 7 ±7 11.5% ±10.3$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±21.3$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±21.3$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±21.3$3,000 or more 1 ±18 1.6% ±30.3Median (dollars) 772 ±134 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 61 ±22 61 (X)Less than $250 16 ±21 26.2% ±33.0$250 to $399 18 ±11 29.5% ±14.9$400 to $599 12 ±9 19.7% ±13.3$600 to $799 10 ±20 16.4% ±32.0$800 to $999 2 ±13 3.3% ±21.8$1,000 or more 3 ±26 4.9% ±43.0Median (dollars) 381 ±117 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

61 ±34 61 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 22 ±14 36.1% ±11.320.0 to 24.9 percent 25 ±30 41.0% ±43.425.0 to 29.9 percent 6 ±5 9.8% ±6.030.0 to 34.9 percent 1 ±4 1.6% ±6.535.0 percent or more 7 ±6 11.5% ±7.4

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

61 ±28 61 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 11 ±8 18.0% ±10.310.0 to 14.9 percent 12 ±16 19.7% ±24.715.0 to 19.9 percent 19 ±11 31.1% ±11.220.0 to 24.9 percent 6 ±8 9.8% ±12.325.0 to 29.9 percent 2 ±4 3.3% ±6.430.0 to 34.9 percent 4 ±5 6.6% ±7.635.0 percent or more 7 ±15 11.5% ±23.7


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 65 ±43 65 (X)

Less than $500 2 ±37 3.1% ±57.3$500 to $999 54 ±50 83.1% ±52.8$1,000 to $1,499 9 ±17 13.8% ±24.5$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±20.0$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±20.0$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±20.0$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±28.3Median (dollars) 906 ±400 (X) (X)

No rent paid 13 ±12 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

65 ±51 65 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 0 ±18 0.0% ±28.315.0 to 19.9 percent 27 ±36 41.5% ±44.620.0 to 24.9 percent 6 ±9 9.2% ±11.825.0 to 29.9 percent 3 ±7 4.6% ±10.130.0 to 34.9 percent 2 ±6 3.1% ±8.935.0 percent or more 27 ±29 41.5% ±30.0


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 595 ±173 595 (X)

Male 276 ±88 46.4% ±6.1Female 319 ±100 53.6% ±6.3Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 86.5 ±5.0 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 5 ±14 0.8% ±2.45 to 9 years 35 ±23 5.9% ±3.510 to 14 years 62 ±41 10.4% ±6.115 to 19 years 47 ±42 7.9% ±6.820 to 24 years 20 ±38 3.4% ±6.325 to 34 years 67 ±42 11.3% ±6.235 to 44 years 107 ±54 18.0% ±7.445 to 54 years 39 ±20 6.6% ±2.755 to 59 years 42 ±26 7.1% ±3.960 to 64 years 33 ±15 5.5% ±2.065 to 74 years 67 ±31 11.3% ±4.175 to 84 years 59 ±29 9.9% ±3.985 years and over 12 ±10 2.0% ±1.7

Median age (years) 40.7 ±7.3 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 149 ±62 25.0% ±7.516 years and over 468 ±129 78.7% ±31.518 years and over 446 ±98 75.0% ±27.321 years and over 446 ±94 75.0% ±27.062 years and over 148 ±44 24.9% ±1.765 years and over 138 ±44 23.2% ±2.9

18 years and over 446 ±98 446 (X)Male 191 ±64 42.8% ±11.0Female 255 ±74 57.2% ±10.7Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 74.9 ±13.1 (X) (X)

65 years and over 138 ±44 138 (X)Male 55 ±27 39.9% ±15.2Female 83 ±34 60.1% ±15.7Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 66.3 ±18.5 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 595 ±173 595 (X)

One race 587 ±172 98.7% ±3.6Two or more races 8 ±8 1.3% ±1.3One race 587 ±172 98.7% ±3.6

White 314 ±86 52.8% ±21.1Black or African American 269 ±146 45.2% ±20.7American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2

Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±3.1Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±9.0

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±6.2

Some other race 4 ±7 0.7% ±1.2Two or more races 8 ±8 1.3% ±1.3

White and Black or African American 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2White and Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 595 ±173 595 (X)

White 319 ±87 53.6% ±21.4Black or African American 274 ±147 46.1% ±20.8American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Asian 1 ±2 0.2% ±0.3Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 4 ±7 0.7% ±1.2Some other race 7 ±10 1.2% ±1.6

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 595 ±173 595 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 13 ±11 2.2% ±1.7Mexican 9 ±11 1.5% ±1.8Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Cuban 1 ±3 0.2% ±0.5Other Hispanic or Latino 3 ±23 0.5% ±3.9

Not Hispanic or Latino 582 ±173 97.8% ±6.0White alone 309 ±86 51.9% ±20.9Black or African American alone 269 ±146 45.2% ±20.7American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Asian alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Two or more races 4 ±6 0.7% ±1.0Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.2Two races excluding Some other race, and 4 ±6 0.7% ±1.0Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 443 ±98 443 (X)

Male 189 ±65 42.7% ±11.3Female 254 ±73 57.3% ±10.6

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-17 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2013-2017 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

Demographic Proﬁle: Whigham - Georgia Cities...WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Proﬁle SEX AND AGE...

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Transcript of Demographic Proﬁle: Whigham - Georgia Cities...WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Proﬁle SEX AND AGE...