CUBISMJong Ho Chong

Basic History of Cubism

1. Place2. Timeline3. Definition

Place

Paris

Timeline

• Early Cubism or Cézannisme (1907-1910)

• Analytic Cubism (1910-1912)

• Synthetic Cubism (1912- 1914)

• Late Cubism (1915- Present)

Definition

• A movement in art

• in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned (simultaneity)

• Made of simple geometric shapes (geometricity)

• interlocking planes, and, later, collage (passage)

What makes an artwork “Cubism”

1. Simultaneity2. Geometricity3. Passage

Simultaneity

• Having Various Views on objects in picture

• Developed from the desire of depicting a three-dimensional objects

• Examples)

- The Table by Georges Braque

- Le Jour by Georges Braque

Example of Simultaneity

The Table Le Jour

Braque, Georges, The Table 1928 oil on canvas 81.3 x 130.8 cm, Chester Dale Collection, http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/chester_dale_collection/cdc_nga_2010-11_78.htm, September 15, 2013

Braque, Georges, Le Jour 1929 oil on canvas 81.3 x 130.8 cm, Chester Dale Collection, http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/chester_dale_collection/cdc_nga_2010-11_80.htm, September 15, 2013

Geometricity

• Having simple shapes to make an artwork

• Developed from desire for abstract art

• Examples)

- Girl with a Mandolin by Pablo Picasso

- Portrait of Ambroise Vollard by Pablo Picasso

Example of GeometricityGirl with a

MandolinPortrait of Ambroise

Vallord

Picasso, Pablo, Girl With a Mandolin 1910 Oil on canvas,100.3cm x73.6cm Museum of Modern Art, http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism/, September 15, 2013

Picasso, Pablo, Portrait of Ambroise Vallord 1910 Oil on canvas,92cm x65cm Pushkin Museum of Fine Art, http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism/, September 15, 2013

Passage

• Objects penetrating other objects

• Desire from showing various angles in drawing

• Examples)

- Chair Caning by Pablo Picasso

- Violin and Glass by Juan Gris

Example of PassageChair Caning Violin and Glass

Picasso, Pablo, Chair Caning 1912 Oil on canvas,27cm x35cm Musee Picasso, http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso/chaircan.jpg.html, September 15, 2013

Gris, Juan, Violin and Glass 1915 Oil on canvas,92cm x60cm Fogg Art Museum, http://www.pixel77.com/the-influence-of-art-history-on-modern-design-cubism/, September 15, 2013

How did Cubism

Originate1. Development of Camera2. Radical Approach• “New way of seeing”

Development of Camera

• From 1870-1910, development of technology

• Realistic Artworks

- replaced with photographs

• New kinds of art works were

needed for Radical Approach

Radical Approach

• “New way of seeing”

- expand the field of art

• Geometricity – various objects

• Simultaneity – various views

• Passage – objects penetrating other objects

Who is responsible for

the birth of Cubism

1. Paul Cézanne2. Pablo Picasso

3. Georges Braque

Paul Cézanne

• January 19th, 1839 - October 22nd, 1906

• French Painter who influenced Cubism

• 3 major characteristics of his paintings

• Passage, Geometricity, Stimultaneity

• Early Cubism is called Cézannisme

Comparison Between the artwork of

Cézanne’s and Picasso’s Paul Cézanne Pablo Picasso

Cézanne, Paul, Still Life with Basket of Apples 1895 Oil on canvas, 65 cm x 80 cm Art institute of Chicago, http://www.paul-cezanne.org/Still-Life-with-Basket-of-Apples.html, September 15, 2013

Picasso,Pablo, Still Life with Biscuits1924Oil with sand on canvas; 80.8 x 100.4 cmThe Cleveland Museum of Art, http://cleveland.about.com/od/artmuseumsandgalleries1/ig/From-Monet-to-Picasso/Still-Life-with-Biscuits.htm, September 15, 2013

Pablo Picasso

• October 25th, 1881 – April 8th, 1973

• Spanish Painter

• Co-founder of Cubism

• Famous Paintings

- Les desmoiselles d’Avignon

- Guernica

Artwork of PicassoLes Desmoiselles

d’Avignon Guernica

Picasso, Pablo, Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907 Oil on canvas,243.9cm x233.7cm Museum of Modern Art, http://www.pablopicasso.org/avignon.jsp, September 15, 2013

Picasso, Pablo, Guernica 1937 Oil on canvas,349cm x776cm Musio Reina Sofia, http://www.pablopicasso.org/guernica.jsp, September 15, 2013

Georges Braque

• May 13th 1882 – August 31st 1963

• French Painter

• Co-founder of Cubism

• Famous Paintings

- Bottle and Fishes (Bouteille et Poissons)

- Le bougeoir (The Candlestick)

Artwork of BraqueBottle and Fishes Le bougeoir

Braque, Georges, Bottle and Fishes 1910,61.9cm x74.9cm Tate Gallery, http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/bottle-and-fishes-bouteille-et-poissons-197983, September 15, 2013

Braque, Georges, Le bougeoir 1911,49.2cm x38.2cm Tate Gallery, http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/le-bougeoir-the-candlestick-211173, September 15, 2013

Two styles of Cubism

1. Analytical Cubism2. Synthetic Cubism

Analytical Cubism(1910-1912)

• Developed in 1909-1910 Winter

• “Analyzed” natural parts in geometric shape

• Many different view points

• Fragmented images unified

• Limited colors – Earth Tone or Magnetized

Synthetic Cubism(1912-1914)

• Developed around 1912

• Overlapping planes

• “Collage” – Interpenetration

• Colorful

• Fragments of everything• Newspaper, paper cards Cigarette

Packs

Comparing Analytic & Synthetic CubismAnalytic Cubism

• 1910-1912

• Followed a standard form• Picasso & Braque

• Painting itself

• Dull Colors

Synthetic Cubism• 1912-1914

• Did not have a standard form• Picasso & Braque

• Collage

• Colorful

Compare with Pictures

Analytic Cubism ArtworksAccordionist -

Picasso The Portuguese- Braque

Picasso, Pablo,Accordionist 1911, Oil on Canvas 130cm x89.5cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum http://www.thegreatgodpanisdead.com/2013/05/picassos-1911-accordionist-some-related.html, September 15, 2013

Braque, George, The Portuguese 1911 Oil on Canvas,119cm x81cm, Kunstmuseum Basel http://www.abcgallery.com/B/braque/braque138.html, September 15, 2013

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Synthetic Cubism Artworks

Three Musicians- Picasso Guitar - Braque

Braque, George, Guitar 1919 Oil on Canvas,61cm x116.2cm, Private Collection http://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1116883-cubism, September 15, 2013

Picasso, Pablo, Three Musicians 1921 Oil on Canvas,205cm x188cm, Museum of Modern Art http://www.pablopicasso.org/three-musicians.jspl, September 15, 2013

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Comparing ArtworksAccordionist -

Picasso

Picasso, Pablo,Accordionist 1911, Oil on Canvas 130cm x89.5cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum http://www.thegreatgodpanisdead.com/2013/05/picassos-1911-accordionist-some-related.html, September 15, 2013

Chair Caning

Picasso, Pablo, Chair Caning 1912 Oil on canvas,27cm x35cm Musee Picasso, http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso/chaircan.jpg.html, September 15, 2013

How did Cubism revolutionize the

art world1. Broke Traditional Rules2. Revolution of Collage

3. Evolution to different art movements

Broke Traditional Rules

• Depicting Objects in New Ways• Realistic Shapes Geometric Shapes

• Depicting Objects in more than one angle• 2-dimension 3~4 dimensional shapes

Revolution of Collage

• Collage had evolved from Synthetic Cubism• Pasting Fragments of various things• Assemblage of different objects• Interpenetration of art works

Evolution to Different Art Movements

• Futurism (1909-1914)

• Orphism (1910-1913)

• Vorticism (1914-1915)

• Constructivism (1919-1932)

• Purism (1920-1925)

THANK YOU

Bibliography• "The Art Story.org - Your Guide to Modern Art." Cubism Movement, Artists and

Major Works. Art Story Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://www.theartstory.org/movement-cubism.htm>.

• "Cubism - The First Style of Abstract Art." Cubism. Artyfactory, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/cubism.htm>.

• "Cubism." Cubism. Central School PTO, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://www.centralptonews.org/CESCAP/Art Terms/cubism.htm>.

• Gersh-Nesic, Beth. "Art History Definition: Analytic Cubism." About.com Art History. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://arthistory.about.com/od/glossary_a/a/a_analytic_cubism.htm>.

• Gersh-Nesic, Beth. "Art History Definition: Synthetic Cubism." About.com Art History. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://arthistory.about.com/od/glossary_s/a/s_synthetic_cubism.htm>.

• Gersh-Nesic, Beth. "Cubism - Art History 101 Basics." About.com Art History. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthistory/a/cubism_10one.htm>.

• "cubism". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press, n.d. Web. 15 September 2013. <http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cubism>.