CMCL EIA EMP

Submitted on

February, 2008

Prepared by

ofCement Manufacturing Company Ltd.

DRAFTRapid Environmental Impact Assessment

&

Environmental Management Planfor

Modernisation & Expansion of Cement Production Capacity from 1800 TPD to 2400TPD

at

Lumshnong, P.O. Khliehriat, Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad

Table of Contents

S.No Particulars Page No 1 Introduction 1-6 1.1 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 1.1 1.2 Purpose of the Report 1.1 1.3 Brief Description of the Project 1.2 1.4 Site Selection Criteria 1.2 1.5 Need for the project-Demand Scenario of Cement 1.3 1.6 Scope of the Study 1.4 1.6.1 Objectives 1.4 1.6.2 EIA Methodology 1.4 1.6.3 Environmental Focus Areas 1.4 2.0 Project Description 1-13 2.1 General Overview 2.1 2.2 Project Location 2.1 2.3 Proposed schedule for project approval & implementation 2.2 2.4 Detailed Process & Technology Description 2.4 2.4 Raw mix and Raw materials 2.4 2.4.1 Source and Availability of Raw Materials 2.5 2.4.2 Design details 2.7 2.5 Storage area 2.10 2.6 Utilities 2.11 2.6.1 Water supply 2.12 3.0 BASELINE DATA GENERATION 1-40 3.1 Study Area 3.1 3.2 Geography & Geology of the Area 3.2 3.2.1 Topography 3.2 3.2.2 Drainage pattern 3.2 3.2.3 Climate 3.3 3.3 Baseline Environmental Results for Study Period (Summer ‘07) 3.3 3.3.1 Micro Meteorology 3.3 3.3.1.1 Temperature 3.3 3.3.1.2 Relative humidity 3.4 3.3.1.3 Rainfall 3.4 3.3.1.4 Wind speed 3.4 3.3.1.5 Wind direction 3.4 3.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) 3.6 3.5 Noise Environment 3.18 3.5.1 Observations of Noise Levels Data 3.20 3.6 Water Environment 3.21 3.6.1 Observations of Water Quality Data 3.25 3.7 Soil Quality 3.25 3.7.1 Observations of Soil Quality Data 3.27 3.8 Biological Environment 3.27 3.8.1 Flora and Fauna 3.28 3.9 Socio Economic Environment 3.36 3.10 Land Use Pattern 3.39 3.10.1 Cropping Pattern 3.40 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1-18 4.1 Prediction of Impacts 4.1 4.2 Assessment / Evaluation of Impacts 4.1 4.2.1 Environmental Setting 4.3 4.3 Impacts during construction phase 4.3 4.4 Impacts during operation phase 4.4 4.4.1 Air Pollution 4.5 4.4.2 Simulation Model for Prediction (ISCST) 4.5 4.4.3 Post Project Scenario 4.8

4.4.4 Impact of vehicular emission 4.12 4.4.5 Impact on Surface Water Quality 4.13 4.4.6 Impact on Ground Water 4.13 4.4.7 Impact on Noise Levels 4.13 4.4.8 Solid Waste Generation and Impact 4.14 4.4.9 Impact on Ecology 4.14 4.4.10 Demography and Socio-economics 4.14 4.4.11 Impact on Human Settlements 4.15 4.4.12 Impact on Health 4.15 4.5 Impact Matrix 4.15 5 Environmental Management Plan 1-26 5.1 Introduction 5.1 5.2 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase 5.1 5.2.1 Air Environment 5.1 5.2.2 Noise Environment 5.2 5.2.3 Water Environment 5.2 5.2.4 Land Environment 5.2 5.2.5 Socio-economic Environment 5.2 5.2.6 Safety and Health 5.2 5.3 Environmental Management Plan during Operations Phase 5.3 5.3.1 Air Environment 5.3 5.3.2 Noise Environment 5.4 5.3.3 Solid Waste Management 5.5 5.3.4 Water Resources/ Quality Management 5.6 5.3.5 Wastewater 5.6 5.3.6 Sewage treatment plant 5.7 5.3.7 Solid Waste 5.8 5.3.8 House keeping 5.9 5.3.9 Occupational Safety & Health 5.9 5.3.10 Measures to improve socio-economic conditions 5.10 5.3.11 Land use management 5.11 5.2.12 Greenbelt Development 5.11 5.4 Disaster Management Plan 5.13 5.4.1 Identification of Hazard & Preventive/Controlling Measures 5.14 5.4.2 Main Component of the On-Site Disaster Management Plan 5.17 5.4.3 Environmental Management Cell 5.20 5.4.4 Environmental Monitoring 5.21

List of Figures

S.No Particulars Page No 1.1 Flow chart – REIA/EMP Methodology 1.5 2.1 Project Location Map 2.2 2.2 Project Site Lay out 2.3 3.0 Geological Map of study area

3.0a Hydrogeomorphological Map of study area 3.0b Drainage Pattern of the study area 3.0c Slope Map of the study area 3.1 24 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 3.5 3.2 00-08 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 3.5 3.3 08-16 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 3.5 3.4 16-24 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 3.5 3.5 Map Showing Air Quality Stations 3.8 3.6 Map showing Noise Monitoring Locations 3.19 3.7 Map showing Water Quality Monitoring Locations 3.22 3.8 Map showing Soil Sampling Locations 3.26 3.9 Land Use Pattern of the study area 3.40 4.1 Predicted 24- Hourly Average GLCs of SPM (ug/m3) 4.9

4.2 Predicted 24-Hourly Average GLCs of SO2 (ug/m3) 4.10 4.3 Predicted 24-Hourly Average GLCs of NOx (ug/m3) 4.11

List of Tables

S.No Particulars Page No

1.1 Salient features of project 1 2.1 Chemical Analysis of raw materials 10 2.2 Details of material flow 10 2.3 Chemical behavior of different grades of limestone 12 2.4 Average chemical analysis of correctives 12 2.5 Coal Quality 12 2.6 Details of Sizes of Machinery/Equipment for Ongoing Plant 13 3.1 Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring 28 3.2 Methodology of AAQ Sampling and analysis 29 3.3 AAQ Sampling Location Details 29 3.4 AAQ Summary during Summer Season (Mar’07–May’07) 31 3.5 Noise Monitoring Locations 32 3.6 Equivalent Noise Levels in the Study Area (10 km radius) 34 3.7 Water sampling locations 35 3.8 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results 37 3.9 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results 38

3.10 Location of Soil Sampling Stations 39 3.11 Soil Quality Analysis Results 41 3.12 Tree Species Available in the Study Area 42 3.13 Shrub/Herbs Species Available in the Study Area 44 3.14 Climbers/Epiphytes Species Available in the Study Area 45 3.15 Vertebrates Available in the Study Area 46 3.16 Invertebrates Available in the Study Area 47 3.17 Classification of the Villages Based on Population Size 49 3.18 Demographic Details of the Study Area 49 3.19 Occupational Pattern of the Study Area 50 3.20 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area 52 4.1 Environmental Impact Matrix 55 4.2 Nature of Impacts during Construction Phase 57 4.3 Nature of Impacts during Operation Phase 57 4.4 Stack & Emission Details 60 4.5 Post Project Scenario 61 4.6 Estimate of Trucks for Transport 65 4.7 Emissions through transportation 65 4.8 Water Requirements 66 4.9 Noise Levels at Different Sources 67

4.10 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase 69 4.11 Potential Impacts during Operation Phase 69 4.12 Importance Value 70 4.13 Impact Score 70 4.14 Environmental Impact Matrix with scores 71 5.1 Details of wastewater generation 77 5.2 Characteristics of effluents 78 5.3 Details Solid Waste Generation 79 5.4 Land Use in the project site 82 5.5 Species Preferred to be planted 83 5.6 Details of Flammable Materials 85 5.7 Details of Storage of Petroleum Products 85 5.8 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Schedule 93 5.9 Comprehensive management plan for risk analysis and possible hazards 94

Annexure

Cement Manufacturing Company Limited, Meghalaya

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION 1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT Cement Manufacturing Company Limited (CMCL), a public limited company registered

under Companies Act currently has its operations going at Lumshnong, District Jaintia Hills,

Meghalaya. CMCL currently manufactures Clinker with a production capacity of 1800 tpd.

The company proposes modernization cum expansion of its production capacity from 1800

tpd to 2400 tpd.

The proposal for manufacturing cement was conceived on the basis of reports from

Geological Survey of India (GSI) and State Govt reports indicating abundant occurrence of

high grade limestone around Lumshnong village. CMCL has obtained Prospecting License

(PL) over an area of 473.09 hectares in Lumshnong village limits for meeting the

requirement of limestone, the basic raw material to produce the cement. Initially mining

leases were obtained over smaller compact blocks to sustain immediate requirement of the

plant. The detailed exploration is in progress to sustain long term requirement.

Present proposal is to modernize and expand the current clinker production capacity from

1800 tpd to 2400 tpd. Cement Manufacturing Company Limited proposes to expand the

cement production based on state-of-the- art technology near Lumshnong, District Jaintia

Hills, Meghalaya.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT CMCL has retained M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd. Hyderabad to carry out Environment

Impact Assessment (EIA) study and to prepare Environment Management Plan (EMP) for

the proposed modernization cum expansion of the operating cement plant to meet the

statutory requirement of getting Environmental Clearance for State Level Environment

Appraisal Authority. The study has been carried out as per the guidelines of Ministry of

Environment & Forests (MoEF) and Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board (MSPCB).

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_1


1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Salient Features of Project

Nature of the Project

Industrial Expansion Project (For the proposed modernization cum expansion of the existing Cement Plant)

Screening Category – B1

Size of Project Modernization cum Expansion of Cement plant production capacity from 1800-2400 tpd

Location of Project District & State Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya

Taluk Khliehriat

Village Lumshnong

Land Availability 35 Hectares

Nature Of The Area Barren Land Latitude N 25°10’16” Longitude E 92°22’52” General Climatic Conditions Maximum Temperature 26 0

Minimum Temperature 9°C

Annual Rainfall 4000 mm

Wind Pattern During Study Period Predominantly from SE

Elevation Above Mean Sea Level 406 m above MSL Accessibility Road Connectivity NH44 is 1KM from the plant site

Rail Connectivity Badarpur is about 85 kms from plant

Airport Shillong & Silchar at 145 kms and 125 Kms respectively from Plant

Historical / Important Places Archaeological/ Historically Important Site None within 25 km radius of the site

Sensitive Places None within 25 km radius of the site

Sanctuaries / National Parks None within 25 km radius of the site

1.4 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

The efficient functioning of the plant depends on the availability of the basic requirements.

Apart from this, the suitability/compliance of the site with respect to the guidelines of the

Ministry of Environment and Forests and location of the deposit has been evaluated. The

reasons for selection of site at Lumshnong are given below:



• Availability of land and water.

• Compliance of the site with the sitting guidelines of MOEF.

• Proximity of the limestone deposit.

• Availability of road to facilitate transportation of equipment, raw material and product.

• Availability of labour force during construction and operation phase.

• Accessibility of the site from environmental aspects.

• No national park or wild life sanctuary exists within 10 km of the plant.

• There are no sensitive places of archaeological, historical, cultural, and religious or

tourist importance within 10 km of the plant.

1.5 NEED FOR THE PROJECT – DEMAND SCENARIO OF CEMENT

The cement market has growth potential due to the central government liberalization policies

and new schemes for housing, road projects. Cement demand growth is anticipated to be

about 7-8% increase mainly through road projects (Golden Quadrilateral), Housing Projects

(1.3 million houses in rural & 0.7 million in urban areas). Continuous demand for exports to

China and other South-East Asian countries along with the increased requirement of the

domestic sector have led all the cement manufacturers in the country to plan for increased

capacities.

The cement consumption of India in 2006-07 is estimated to be around 155 million tonne.

The cement consumption in the last 10 years is given in the table below. Cement

consumption has grown steadily and exhibits a cumulative average growth rate (CAGR) of

7.7% over the last 10 years and 8.0% over the past 5 years. The consumption given in the

Table 1.1 is inclusive of consumption of cement produced by mini cement plants.

Table 1.1 Cement Consumption Pattern in India

Year Total Domestic Cement Consumption

Growth year on year (%)

1997-98 80 8.4 1998-99 86 7.3 1999-00 98 14.3 2000-01 96 (1.9) 2001-02 105 9.1 2002-03 114 8.2 2003-04 120 5.4 2004-05 129 7.7 2005-06 142 9.6 2006-07 155 9.1

Figures in million Tonnes



1.6 Scope of the Study The scope of the study includes detailed characterization of various environmental

components like air, noise, water, land and socio-economics within an area of 10 km radius

around the proposed project site.

1.6.1 Objectives

The objectives set for carrying out this EIA study were based upon the

requirements that fulfill the new Environment Impact Assessment Notification 2006

under the aegis of MoEF and its various amendments. These objectives are

described hereunder,

• Literature review that includes identification of relevant data and articles from

various publications, various government agencies and other sources;

• Collection of available secondary data

• Environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline environmental status of

the study area

• Identify various existing pollution loads due to industrial and domestic activities in

the ambient zone

• Prediction of impacts on environmental attributes

• Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the

study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) Methodologies

• Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining the

measures for improving the environmental quality

• Identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored

1.6.2 EIA Methodology

Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of 10 km

radius around the project area. The various steps involved in the study for a particular

project are divided into three following phases.

• Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the status

within the impact zone

• Prediction of Impacts envisaged due to proposed scheme on various

environmental parameters



• Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted scenario over the

baseline scenario to prepare Environmental Management Plan

Accordingly, field studies were carried out during the study period to establish the existing

conditions. To determine the magnitude of significant potential impacts and to ensure that

the environmental considerations are given adequate weightage, subsequently, a

preliminary environmental screening was carried out. The environmental screening was

based on the available secondary data supplemented by regular field visits. During

screening, significant environmental issues were examined for all the alternatives. Primary

and secondary data were collected to describe the existing environmental set-up. The

methodology adopted is presented in the form of a flow chart. Keeping in view the activities

envisaged and size of the project activities, the work carried out is briefly reported below and

has been described in detail in the subsequent sections.

FIG-1.1 FLOW CHART - REIA/EMP METHODOLOGY

Preliminary Field Visit

Preliminary Environmental Screening

Assessment of BaselineEnvironmental Status

Secondary DataCollection

Environmental Impact Assessment

EIA / EMP METHODOLOGY

Data From Primary Sources

Environmental Management Plan



1.6.3 Environmental Focus Areas

A) Air Environment The prevailing ambient air quality status of the study region was assessed through a network

of 8 ambient air-monitoring stations during pre-monsoon season (2007). Different pollution

parameters viz. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate

Matter (RSPM), Sulphur-di-oxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOX), HC & CO were identified

for representing the baseline status of ambient air quality within the study region. Respirable

Dust Samplers have been used for continuous monitoring of these parameters.

Micro-meteorological parameters like wind speed & direction were continuously recorded

using an automatic weather station during study period. The recorded data were used to

determine predominant meteorological conditions, which are useful in characterizing the

baseline air quality status and in prediction of impacts on air environment.

B) Noise Environment Noise is generated by many activities associated with the plant activities. Noise pollution

survey has been carried out in the study area to assess the impacts of the plant activities.

Noise level surveys were carried out in and around the project study area. Noise levels (A-

weighted) were recorded using a Portable Noise Level Meter.

C) Water Environment Lubha, a Perennial River is flowing through the study area and is about 4.0 kms from the

project site. There are many perennial streams and nallahs scattered in the study area

charged from rain water and catchment areas. Primary and secondary information on water

resources (ground/surface) was collected. The parameters of prime importance selected

under physico-chemical characteristics were estimated to describe the baseline

environmental status of the water resources during the summer (March’07).

D) Land Environment Soil samples were collected from different locations within the project study area during the

study period and were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters.

E) Socio-Economic Environment Socio-economic information such as, demographic pattern, population density, literacy

levels, gender ratio, educational facilities, agriculture, income, medical facilities, etc., was

collected through basic surveys and from few reliable secondary sources. The same has

been analyzed and presented in the subsequent chapters.



CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW The State of Meghalaya is located between latitudes of 25º00' and 26º10' N and longitudes

of 89º45' and 92º47'E with an altitude ranging from 50-1961 meters above Main Sea Level

(MSL) and covers 22.4lakhs ha (22,429 Sq.kms). The State is bounded by Assam in the

North, East and West and Bangladesh in the South and West.

Agriculture is the mainstay of the people of the State. About 85 percent of the population of

the State live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Of the total

geographical area, about 13 percent is under cultivation. Efforts are being made to increase

irrigation potential of the State and bring more area under cultivation. It is in the primitive

stage of shifting cultivation in major parts of the State. Shifting Cultivation locally named as

‘Jhuming’ is practiced extensively on the hill-slopes in the Garo Hills and part of the Khasi

and Jaintia Hills Districts. The soil and climatic condition of the State is suitable for growing

different types of agricultural crops from cereals to fruits in both tropical and temperate

climatic environment occurring on different altitudes.

Meghalaya is basically an Agricultural State with about 80% of its total population depending

entirely on Agriculture for their livelihood. In Meghalaya, summer is for a period of about 5

months, from May to September, with torrential rains caused by the South West Monsoon.

Rainfall varies from place to place and from altitude to altitude. The amount of rainfall over

Cherrapunjee and Mawsynram is quite heavy.

Only 50% of the villages in Meghalaya get electricity. Most people depend upon their land for

livelihood. Recently, new industrial units were set up in view of the positive industrial policy

of the Meghalaya Government

2.2 Project Location

The proposed modernization cum expansion project is situated at Lumshnong, P.O.

Khliehriat, Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya. The longitude and latitude of the project site are E

92°22’52” and N 25°10’16”. The project would be in the premises of the existing plant with a

total area of 35 Hectares. This area comprises of Operational area, green-belt area, open

area designated for different purposes. Necessary approach roads and raw material storage

areas is also earmarked. Project Location Map is presented as Fig-2.1



2.3 Proposed Schedule for Project Approval & Implementation

The overall process takes approx 22 months. Break-up of activities and time frame are given

hereunder,

Project Clearance - 9 months

Project Implementation - 12 months

Commissioning and Operation - 01 month

The Project Site Layout Plan is shown in Fig- 2.2



2.4 Detailed Process & Technology Description

The ongoing plant is designed for modernization cum expansion from 1800 tpd to 2400 tpd

production of clinker. It is proposed for selling of the entire additional clinker to its’ subsidiary

Company Megha Technical & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. located near CMCL plant. This section

presents the project details like basis of design, sizing of machinery/equipment, utilities and

others for ongoing project, which are described hereunder.

2.4.1 Raw mix and Raw materials A computer aided theoretical raw mix was designed to assess the suitability of limestone and

available correctives in the area for manufacturing of quality clinker considering the raw

materials. The average chemical analysis of the raw materials considered for designing of raw

mix is given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Chemical analysis of raw materials

Components Unit Limestone Shale Coal ash LOI % 41.62 5.70 --- SiO2 % 2.82 64.2 29.57 Al2O3 % 2.44 19.2 27.60 Fe2O3 % 1.30 5.87 39.0 CaO % 49.52 0.01 1.51 MgO % 1.04 1.12 0.47 K2O % 0.11 2.10 0.37 Na2O % 0.05 0.04 0.14 SO3 % 0.075 0.01 - Coal Ash % (Mass) 6.58 Sulphur content % 4.60 Calorific value of coal on dry basis (kcal/kg) 7,124

The overall material flow for the existing with proposed modernisation cum expansion (on dry

basis) is given in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Details of Material Flow

List of raw materials to be used at all stages of

manufacture

Physical and chemical nature of raw material

Quantity (tonnes/month) full production capacity

Source of materials

Limestone Medium to dark grey, Fine to medium grained, compact and hard. Fractured at places. Sp. Gr 2.5

89,280 Captive mines

Shale Thin bedded, variegated yellowish brown, grey. Fine grained

21204 From local mine



List of raw materials to be used at all stages of

manufacture

Physical and chemical nature of raw material

Quantity (tonnes/month) full production capacity

Source of materials

mill scale Grey coloured scales from steel plants.

1116 From local sources

Coal Grey to black in color , splintery and semi anthracitic quality.

13200 From Local mines

2.4.2 Source and Availability of Raw Materials Limestone In order to meet the limestone requirement of the plant, CMCL obtained , prospecting licence

(PL) for an area of 473.09 hectares (4.73 sq km) around Lumshnong village The Limestone

bearing areas in PL are owned by private individuals with small holdings. Land acquisition was

a slow and time consuming process in the area in view of the sensitiveness of the issue and

prevailing customary laws of the land.

The captive mining leases in the small compact blocks were granted by Govt. of Meghalaya

with a cumulative mineable limestone reserves of 9.75 million tonnes to meet the immediate

and short term requirement of the plant. The detailed geological exploration is in progress and

another 45.0 million tonnes of limestone were estimated in proved category and the process is

initiated for grant of mining leases covering these areas.

The Lumshnong limestone deposit is located approx. 1 km to the west of Lumshnong village

which in turn lies at a distance of 125 km from Shillong in the Jaintia Hill district. The

Lumshnong deposit is accessible from Shillong along NH-44 leading to Badarpur via Jowai

(District headquarters). The deposit falls in Survey of India toposheet No. 83C/8 (Restricted)

and is bounded within the following coordinates:

• Latitude : 250 00’ to 250 30’

• Longitude : 920 10‘ to 920 15’

The limestone deposit is characterized by rugged hilly topography. The geotectonic activities of

the past have resulted in the development of deep gorges, valleys and steep cliffs. Several

streams dissect the hilly terrain. The highest elevation in the area is about 638 m RL, which is

observed in the southern part of the deposit with gradual slope. The elevation varies from 554

m RL and 481.70 m RL.

The qualitative assessment of different grades of limestone of the deposit based on analysis of

surface and bore hole core samples generated by CMCL during the detailed geological

exploration is given in Table 2.3.



Table 2.3 Chemical behavior of different grades of limestone

High grade (%) Blendable grade (%) Constituents

Outcrops Bore hole Outcrops Bore hole

SiO2 0.12 0.16-1.92 2.40 1.4-10.56

Al2O3 0.60 0.66-1.65 1.08 0.77-4.86

Fe2O3 0.28 0.17-1.71 2.6 2.13-3.46

CaO 53.85 50.39-54.5 43.36 41.8-47.24

MgO 1.25 0.27-2.94 2.63 1.2-4.77

The chemical analysis of limestone reveals the following:

• The average quality of limestone is high grade with CaO is around 50%; and

• The quality of limestone is suitable for manufacture of Ordinary Portland Cement of

various grades and other types of cement as far as CaO and MgO values are concerned.

Deficiencies in Silica, Iron and Alumina need to be compensated by suitable correctives.

Corrective Materials Limestone requires correctives to meet the deficiency of Silica, Iron and Alumina in the raw mix.

Shale of Kopili formation occurring about 6 kms from plant ideally suited as a raw mix

component and being used in the operating plant of 1800 tpd. Quality of shale is given in Table

2.4.

Table 2.4 Average chemical analysis of correctives

Correctives Location LOI SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Shale 130 km post 5.7 64.2 19.2 5.87 0.01 1.12

Coal Locally available coal is used in the plant in operation. Mill scales upto 1% are used to correct

the deficiency of iron in the raw mix. The detailed analysis of the coal is given in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5 Coal Quality

Sn Properties Percent by mass (%) Proximate analysis Moisture content 0.93 Ash content 6.58 Volatile matter 43.63

01

Fixed carbon 48.86



Sn Properties Percent by mass (%) Ultimate analysis, percentage Carbon 71.57 Hydrogen 3.95 Nitrogen 0.81 Sulphur 5.41

02 A

Mineral matter(1.1x/Ash content) 7.24 02 B Gross calorific value, K cal / kg 7,333

Gypsum Natural Gypsum is available at Kothakpa area of Bhutan.

2.4.2 Design Details The ongoing plant consists of a dry process coal fired kiln with an RSP, 5-stage suspension

pre-heater system. The brief specifications of the major machinery for the existing plant are

given in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6 Details of Sizes of Machinery/Equipment for Ongoing Plant

Apron Feeder Size 1.6 x 6.5 m c/c Capacity 350 tph (normal); 425 tph (designed) Impactor (For primary crushing) Capacity 350 tph (normal); 400 tph (designed) Product size 100% (-) 60 mm, 90% (-) 40-45 mm & 40% (-) 10 mm Feed size Average (-) 500 mm and Max. 1,000 mm edge to edge Reversible Impactor (for secondary crushing) Capacity 230 tph (normal) Product size 85-90% (-) 10 mm Feed size 90% (-) 40 mm & Max. 60 mm Bag filter Capacity 30,000 m3/h Outlet dust emission 50 mg/Nm3

Tertiary CrusherCapacity 150 tph Product Size (-) 8 mm Feed Size 15 mm Bag filter capacity 12,000 m3 / hr Outlet dust emission 50 mg / Nm3

Limestone Storage Type Bunker Capacity 4,000 t



Raw Material Grinding Measuring System Weigh Feeder Mill Feed Belt 175 tph 800 mm wide Raw Mill Central Discharge, closed circuit ball mill Capacity 140 tph (with feed moisture max 5 %at inlet) Mill Size 3.8 m dia x 13.81 m long Number of Chambers 1 drying + 2 grinding Product size 20% residue on 90 microns Grindability 18 kWh/t @ 15% retained on 90 microns Raw Meal Blending, Storage and Extraction Silo Feed Bucket elevator 250 tph, 58.5 m ctc Belt Type Bucket Elevator Blending Silo Capacity 7,500 t Extraction capacity 250 tph Kiln Feed System Type of measuring system Solid Flow Meter Capacity 180 tph Kiln Feed Bucket elevator 180 tph, 46.7 m ctc Belt Type Bucket Elevator Preheater/ Precalciner Type of Preheater System RSP 5 Stage Preheater System Dia of Twin Cyclones (Stage I) 4,000 mm Dia of Stage II Cyclone 6300 mm Dia of Stage III Cyclone 6300 mm Dia of Stage IV Cyclones 4800 mm x 2 Nos. Dia of Stage V Cyclone 6840 mm Downcomer duct dia 2,400 mm Tertiary Air Duct Diameter 1,800 mm inside refractory Length 70 m Damper Multi Louvre electrically actuated; 1,800 mm dia Rotary Kiln Capacity 1800tpd expandable to 2400 tpd Size 3.4 m dia x 54 m long Inclination 3.5% Kiln Burner 3 Channel; 24 GCal/hr capacity Fuel Coal with 6,000 kCal/kg CV Rate of Coal Consumption 4 tph Fineness of Coal 12% retained on 90 micron Moisture in Coal 2% Pilot Burner Capacity 7 Gcal/hr Kiln Dedusting Reverse air bag house



Bag House Gas Volume (direct mode) 3,53,000 m3/h at 240 oC Gas Volume (compound mode) 2,77,599 m3/h at 142 oC Inlet Dust Load 50 g/Nm3 (rated) 70 g/Nm3 (design) Dust Load at Outlet 50 mg/Nm3

Dust Fineness 12-15% Retained on 90 micron Grate Cooler and Clinker Transport Type Reciprocating Grate Cooler Capacity 1800 tpd (expandable to 2400 tpd by adding one more

grate) Number of Grates 2 Grate Area 36 m2 (17 + 19). First grate consists of 6 stationary rows.Clinker Stockpile 10,000 t Grate Cooler Dedusting ESP Gas Flow 2,22,000 m3/h Temperature 300oC normal; 350oC for 2 hrs upset condition Dust Load at Inlet 50 g/Nm3

Dust Load at Outlet 50 mg/Nm3

Efficiency > 99.93% Coal Grinding Raw Coal Hopper Capacity 60 t Extraction of Raw Coal Through weigh Feeder of 200 tph capacity Size of Table Feeder 1,250 mm diameter Capacity of Table Feeder 18 tph Table Speed 6.8 rpm Coal Feed Size 85% passing 20 mm; 25 mm max Moisture 15% max; 6-7% normal Coal Mill Type Air Swept Ball Mill Mill Capacity 15 tph Mill Size 2.8 m dia x 7.32 m Number of Grinding Chambers 1 Grinding Media 29 t + 7.25 t (Reserve) Product Size 12% retained on 90 micron Product Moisture 2% max Mill Speed 21 rpm Grindability 27.5 kWh/t @ 12% residue on 90 microns Bag Filter 55,000 m3/h capacity Dust Load at Inlet 273 g/Nm3




Clinker crusher Capacity 150 tph Feed Size +15 mm Product -8 mm Crusher bag filter capacity 12,000 m3/hr Outlet dust emission 50 mg / Nm3

Cement Grinding Feed Hoppers (RCC) 200 t for Clinker; 70 t for Gypsum, 100 t for pozzolana Mill Feed Equipment Belt Weigh Feeders Clinker 85% passing 10 mm, 30 mm max; 1% moisture Gypsum 85% passing 25 mm, 50 mm max; 10% moisture Mill Type End discharge, closed circuit ball mill Capacity 70 tph PPC / 60 tph OPC Mill Size 3.6 m dia x 12.07 m length Grinding Chambers 2 numbers Grinding Media 133 + 33.25 t (Reserve) Bucket elevator Belt Type Bucket elevator Capacity 180 tph Cement Mill Bag Filter Pulse Jet Type Capacity 40,000 m3/h, at 80 oC Dust Load at Inlet 70 g/Nm3


Cement Storage and Dispatch Cement Silo (RCC) 5,000 t (inverted bottom cone type) Cement Extraction Rate 125 tph Packing Plant Bucket elevator 125 tph, 23.9 m ctc, belt type elevator Packer 8 Spout, Electronic rotary Capacity 100 tph Loader 2 Number, Platform Type suitable for trailor loading

2.5 Storage Area Additives: Shale and mill scale will be used as additives. Their percentages in the raw mix are

as given below:

Limestone 80 %

Shale 18 to 20%

Millscale Upto 1.0%



The plant site experiences high to very high rainfall and hence sufficiently sized sheds need to

be provided for the storage of dry additives. At present 55 m x 15 m of storage is provided for

shale. This can store about 6,000 tonnes. The reclamation arrangement for additive is through

pay loaders. Coal: The present coal storage shed is having a size 20 m x 50 m. This can store about 2,000

tonnes of coal.

Clinker: The present stockpile is of 10,000 tonnes capacity.

Gypsum: The present storage shed is of size 15 m x 24 m to store about 1,000 tonnes of

Gypsum.

Cement: At present three cement silos of capacity 5000x2 and one of 1000 tonnes are

installed.

Compressed Air Supply To meet the compressed air requirements, compressors/ blowers are installed at two

centralized locations in the plant, one near the Raw Mill/Kiln bag house and another near

cement silos.

Auxiliary Infrastructural Facilities

The facilities and equipment for the Workshop, Machinery Stores, time office and security office

are provided.

Weigh bridge Three number of electronic weighbridges have been provided for the existing plant.

Laboratory A full-fledged laboratory for physical and chemical testing of raw materials and finished

products has been installed and in operation. Environmental cell is functioning with data

monitoring equipment and testing facilities. Monitoring reports of all parameters are regularly

submitted to State Pollution Control Board.

2.6 Utilities

Power The details of power requirement and supply are given below:

Details of Power Requirement (MW) Project Township Total 11.5 0.5 12.0 Source of Power (MW) SEB/Grid 11.5 0.5 12.0



Power is provided by the State Electricity Board. Power is fed at 132 kV through single circuit

line. The 132 kV is stepped down to 6.6 kV. The Stand by DG sets provided shall be used only

in case of power failure.

2.6.1 Water Supply The total requirement of water for the existing plant is 900 m3/day. The water is tapped from the

local perennial water stream, which is close to the plant site. Few bore wells were also

constructed at different locations within the CMCL’s premises. The details of fresh water

requirement are given in Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Water Requirement (m3 / day)

Purpose Water Requirement (m3 / day) Source Type Project: Process 280 Surface water Treated water Cooling water 320 Surface water Treated water DM water Nil --- --- Dust suppression 30 Surface water Raw water Drinking 20 Surface water Treated water Green belt 30 Surface water Raw water Others if any Nil -- -- Sub Total (A) 680 Fresh Water only 1.1.1 Township: Domestic 200 Ground water Raw water Green belt 20 Ground water Treated WaterOthers if any Nil --- ---- Sub Total (B) 220 Fresh Water only Grand Total (A+B) 900 Fresh Water only

As major quantity of water utilized for cooling etc. is recirculated after treatment. So the net

recupement water requirement will be about 900 m3 / day.

Water supply shall be through central pumping station to the plant. The water distribution

system includes an underground raw water tank and a pump house. While water required for

cooling and process purposes shall be treated in softening plant. The capacity of softening

plant is 50 m3/hr with automatic backwash and regeneration system. The strong acid cation

resin is provided to reduce the total hardness of output water to less than 5 ppm.

Domestic waste water is treated in sewage treatment plant. The treated water is used for

irrigation of green belts and plantations in plant & township areas.



The salient features of modernization of expansion of the existing plant are as under:

Proposed Modernization and capacity upgradation measures at CMCL, Lumshnong: Improvement Area Section Proposals

Corrective storage Raw Material Handling

For the enhanced capacity of the kiln a preblending system of 14000 t with stacker reclaimer for corrective is proposed. Additional storage of 8000 t will be required for corrective.

Limestone Storage Raw Mill Additional storage capacity of 3000 t to be constructed.

Raw material grinding Raw Mill A new Raw mill (Close Circuit Ball Mill) of capacity 70

tph is proposed.

Raw meal storage and kiln feed Raw mill

Two nos. stand-by bucket elevators are proposed one for raw meal feeding to preheater and one for raw mill feeding to blending silo.

Clinker production Pyro Processing

• Addition of 3rd cyclone in first stage • Enlarging size of 2 bottom most cyclones

• Enlargement of some of the riser ducts and down comer duct.

• The existing preheater fan to be replaced by higher capacity fan.

• The existing RABH fan to be replaced with higher capacity fan.

• The existing cooler exhaust fan to be replaced with higher capacity fan.

• The balance fiberglass bags of bag house to be replaced with Membrane bag.

• Third grate to cooler to be added and new cooling air fans to be added.

• Kiln RPM to be increased to 5 rpm and kiln motor to be replaced by higher capacity motor.

Coal grinding Coal mill

The capacity of the mill shall be increased to meet the requirement by replacing the existing grinding media and liner plates by hi-crome grinding media and liner plates and incorporating a dynamic separator in the circuit.

Coal Storage Coal mill It is proposed to erect a shed of 6,000 t capacity with coal stacker and reclaimer for preblending.

Mining Machinery Mining The new mining machinery of Rs 723 Lacs is proposed for the entire capacity of the plant.

Total investment cost Rs 7,108 Lakhs



Bhagavathi Ana Labs, Hyderabad 3_1

CHAPTER 3 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

Any developmental activity may cause some environmental impacts on the surrounding

environment. In order to know the cumulative impacts due to the proposed plant on the

surrounding environment, it is very important to know the baseline environmental status in

the study area. This section provides the background information about the study area with

an overall description of environmental baseline of the area where the proposed plant would

take place. Various baseline environmental parameters, with each respective inference, as

per the table below were monitored as primary data and the secondary data was collected

for the analysis.

3.1 Study Area The proposed project is set up near Lumshnong, P.O. Khliehriat, Jaintia Hills District,

Meghalaya. The study area is 10 km radial distance surrounding the project site.

Table-3.1 Baseline Environmental Parameters

Parameter Inference

Micro-meteorological studies

To assess the air pollution impacts on the neighbouring environment.

Air quality data

To assess the baseline air quality status prior to the commencement of the project. Predicted concentrations will be superimposed on the baseline values to know the overall baseline scenario during the operational phase.

Water quality and soil quality in the study area

Even though the proposed plant does not generate any wastewater from the process, it is proposed to identify the baseline water quality for future reference.

Ecological environment

Baseline ecological data was collected to identify any presence of endangered species and the impact due to proposed plant.

Land use and land cover data

To identify land cover and land use pattern in the study area. This forms the actual baseline data in the study area. The same was compared with Survey of India Toposheet 83C/8.

Socio economic and demographic data

Relevant secondary data has been collected from various sources to know the baseline socioeconomic status in the study area.



3.2 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE AREA 3.2.1 Topography, Geology & Hydrogeology The State of Meghalaya is located between the latitudes of 25º00' and 26º10' N and

longitudes of 89º45' and 92º47'E with an altitude ranging from 50-1961 metres above main

sea level (MSL) and covers 22.4lakhs ha (22,429 Sq.kms). The State is bounded by Assam

in the North, East and West and Bangladesh in the South and West. The proposed project is

situated at Lumshnong, P.O. Khliehriat, Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya. The longitude and

latitude of the project site are E 92°22’52” and N 25°10’16”.

Geologically, Lumshnong and its surrounding areas from part of the Cetaceous – Territory

sedimentary rocks. Geological map presented as Figure 3.0. Hydrgeologically, the Jaintia

district can be divided into three units namely- consolidated, semi-consolidated and

unconsolidated formations. Consolidated formations comprise of the oldest rock formation

namely the peneplained genesis complex and quartzite. Groundwater occurs under both

water table and semi-confined condition in these consolidated formations. Unconsolidated

formations mainly are represented by recent alluvium formation occurring near the southern

fringe of the district adjacent to Bangladesh. The major part of the district is covered by

semi-consolidated formation covering Amlarem and Khliehriat blocks constituting the Shella

formation and study area is also part of the same. This type of formation has:

• fairly thick and discontinuous aquifer down to 250m. Groundwater occurs under

semi-confined to confined conditions. Water level rests at 4-9m below ground level

and yield ranges from 25–150 m³/hr; and

• Groundwater occurs under unconfined to semi-confined conditions in cavernous

limestone & sandstone and yield ranges from 25–150 m³/hr.

Hydrogeomorphological Map of study area presented as Figure -3.0a.

3.2.2 Drainage pattern The geological formations, its resultant topography and tendency of headward erosion by

rainwater have led to the creation of drainage network in the area. The prevailing weather

and climate in the study area is characterized by heavy rainfall, which favours the action of

streams to a considerable extent. Drainage pattern map presented as Figure 3.0A.

Predominantly two different kinds of drainage patterns can be seen in the study area. They

are mainly dendritic and trellis pattern. The Lubha and Shesyampa are the main rivers in

study area showing common dendritic patterns. In a massively dissected region of

horizontal strata, the smaller streams show no predominant directional orientation or control.



Lubha river and its tributaries Um Lunar, Um Saugat and Dongtangle depict clear picture of

dendretic or tree like drainage pattern in the study area. This kind of drainage pattern has

generally developed in the most dissected parts of the plateau. In this case the consequent

river receives number of tributaries, which are fed by innumerable smaller streams. The

Seshympa, the main river controlling the drainage pattern west of NH-44, with the streams of

Wah Lariang, Umbadoh and Um Utha also shows similar dendritic pattern of drainage

system. The upper most part of Seshympa river from where it is originated shows trellis

pattern of drainage. In this case, the consequent stream cuts across the crest and

subsequent streams follow the strike valleys. Innumerable first order and second order

streams signify the high density of drainage system of the project area. Drainage Pattern

and Slope Map of study area presented as Figures-3.0b and 3.0c respectively.

3.2.3 Climate The climate in the study area is typically tropical. The region experiences tropical monsoonic

climate that varies from Western to Eastern part of the plateau. Garo Hills district has tropical

climate characterized by high rainfall and humidity generally warm summer and moderately

cold winter. The lower elevated areas experience fairly high temperature for most part of the

year having a mean maximum of 23 to 26° and a mean minimum of 12 to 17° C. The mean

summer temperature is 26°C and the mean winter temperature is 9° C. The mean annual

rainfall varies from 2000-4000 mm with most rainfall concentrated from May to September.

3.3 Baseline Environmental Results for the Study Period (Summer ‘07) 3.3.1 Micro Meteorology A meteorological station was installed during the months from January 2007 to march 2007

to record various meteorological parameters on hourly basis to understand the Wind pattern,

Temperature variation, Relative humidity and Rainfall. On-site monitoring was undertaken for

recording of various meteorological variables, viz., wind speed, wind direction, relative

humidity, rainfall and temperature in order to generate site-specific data. The data generated

is computed to obtain wind-roses of the area. The wind direction describes three quadrants

of 24-hour time period. The wind roses plotted for the wind directions recorded during the

study period from January 2007 to March 2007 is presented in this report.

3.3.1.1 Temperature The study period from January 2007 to March 2007 recorded minimum and maximum

temperatures as 3.40C-35.10C respectively.



3.3.1.2 Relative humidity The region generally experiences tropical climatic condition throughout the year except

during winters. The lowest relative humidity recorded during the study period was 22.5% and

highest as 89%. Day times experience higher humidity levels as compared to nights.

3.3.1.3 Rainfall The study area experiences good rainfall. During study period total rainfall is recorded as

203.5 mm. It is observed that there was no rain fall during January 07 and rainy days

recorded were few during February and March, 2007.

3.3.1.4 Wind speed The average wind speed ranged from 0.6 m/s during the study period. The calm periods

were recorded as 46.62% of the total count of 2208 hours during the study period.

3.3.1.5 Wind direction The pre-dominant wind direction in the study area is from South-East during the study

period.



Fig – 3.1 24 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram

Entire study period

Fig- 3.2

00-08 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram Entire study period

Fig 3.3


Fig 3.4




3.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed during pre-monsoon Season 2007

through a network of 8 ambient air quality stations, which are shown in Fig 3.5. The following

activities are present in the 10 km radius of the project site, which are responsible for the

background air quality. This formed the rationale for establishment of ambient air quality

monitoring network in 10 km radius of the study area.

Table-3.2: Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring

Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring

SPM, RSPM 24 hourly samples twice a week during study period. Ambient Air

Quality SO2 , NOX, CO, HC 8 hourly samples twice a week during study period.

Meteorology Surface: Wind speed, Wind direction, Temperature, Relative humidity and Rainfall

Surface: Continuous monitoring station for entire study period on hourly basis and also data collection from secondary sources.

Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Parameters Once during the study season

Ecology Existing Flora and Fauna Through field visit during the study period and substantiated through secondary sources.

Noise Levels Noise levels in db (A) Hourly observations for 24 hours per location. Soil Characteristics

Parameters related to agricultural and afforestation potential Once during the season.

Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories Data from various Government agencies

Socio-economic aspects

Socio-economic characteristics, labour force characteristics, population statistics and existing amenities in the study area.

(Census Handbooks, 2001).

Table-3.3 Methodology of AAQ Sampling and analysis

S.No. Sampling Details SPM RSPM SO2 NOX CO/HC

1 Monitoring equipment Respirable dust sampler HVS with Impinger assembly GC analysis

2 Sampling media GF/A TCM Abs. Soln.

NaOH Abs. Soln. Tedler Bags

3 Flow rate 1.0-1.3 m3/min 0.5-1 l/min 1.5 l/min

4 Sampling frequency 24 Hourly 8 hourly

5 Sampling period Continuous 24 hours for 24 sampling days

6 Analysis methodology Gravimetric Method Spectrophotometric Chromatography



Table-3.4 AAQ Sampling Location Details

S.No. Location Code Location Name

Distance (kms)

form Plant Direction

w.r.t. Plant Environmental

Setting

1 A1 Umlong 3.5 W Village

2 A2 Tongseng 4.0 S Village

3 A3 Sonapur 7.5 S Village

4 A4 Lumshnong 0 - Village

5 A5 Thngskai 1.7 NW Village

6 A6 Mynkre 9.0 N Village

7 A7 Nongsning 7.0 N Village

8 A8 Sialkan 8.5 NE Village

Table-3.5 AAQ Summary during Pre-monsoon Season (Jan’07–Mar’07)

Air Quality Station

Code Particulars SPM RPM SO2 NOx

Minimum 62 16 5.5 8.7 Umlong A1 Maximum 92 36 11.3 14.4 Minimum 89.0 19.3 3.2 4.5 Tongseng A2 Maximum 110.0 43.2 7.1 10.0 Minimum 87.0 18.9 3.5 4.8 Sonapur A3 Maximum 108.0 43.2 8.1 11.6 Minimum 100.0 22.0 4.0 5.4 Lumshnong A4 Maximum 119.0 46.0 9.2 13.3 Minimum 78.0 17.9 3.2 4.3 Thngskai A5 Maximum 97.0 35.2 6.5 9.1 Minimum 82.0 18.9 3.9 5.3 Mynkre A6 Maximum 111.0 40.0 7.7 11.0 Minimum 81.0 17.4 3.1 4.1 Nongsning A7 Maximum 95.0 35.6 7.1 10.0 Minimum 82.0 16.6 2.8 3.7 Sialkan A8 Maximum 93.0 35.2 7.0 9.9

Cement Manufacturing Company Limited


Fig-3.5 Map Showing Air Quality Stations

Mynkre

Umrasong

Nongsning

Shiehruphi

Thangskei

Wahiajer

Umbadoh

Lumshnong

Umlaper

Tongseng

Lumtongseng

Sonapur

Shymplong

Umlong

Umrasong

Umrasiang Musiang

Sialkan

Um

lunar

Lubha R

Lu

bha R

Wah Lanang N

Ses

hym

pa

R

25 15 25 15'

25 15'

92 20' 92 25'

0 1 2 3 4 5KM

ROAD

RIV ER

VILLA GES

L E G E N D

PROJECT: MEGHALAYA POWER LIMITED

TITLE: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

PREPARED BY M/s.BHAGAVATHI ANA LABS LTD HYDERABAD

AIR MONITO RIN G STATIO NS

A2

A4 A3

A1

A8

A9

A10

A7

A5

A6



Observations of Ambient Air Quality: The results of AAQ monitoring parameters are summarized in the preceding table. The total

8 sampling locations within the study area are well within the stipulated limits of NAAQ

Standards. Locations in downwind direction were found to have more concentrations of SPM

and RPM as compared to crosswind directions. The overall maximum concentration of SPM,

RPM, SO2 and NOx were observed at Lumshnong village with concentration values 119

µg/cum, 46 µg/cum, 9.2 µg/cum and 13.3 µg/cum. The Concentration values of CO and HC

are far below the detection limits.



Table-3.6: Ambient Air Quality Report for AQ1 Station: Umlong

S.No. Month Week Day SPM RSPM SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3) HC CO

μg/m3 μg/m3 06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average PPM PPM

1 1st 71 21 8.4 7.6 6.9 7.6 12.9 11.7 10.0 11.5 <1 <1 2 Ist 2nd 85 18 6.9 5.7 5.5 6.0 10.6 9.0 7.3 8.9 <1 <1 3 1st 87 24 7.4 8.0 6.2 7.2 11.3 10.0 8.3 9.9 <1 <1 4 IInd 2nd 88 24 6.6 6.2 5.1 6.0 10.1 8.9 7.2 8.7 <1 <1 5 1st 80 16 7.8 7.2 6.5 7.2 11.9 10.8 9.1 10.6 <1 <1 6 IIIrd 2nd 81 24 9.4 9.6 7.9 9.0 14.4 13.0 11.3 12.9 <1 <1 7 1st 85 34 7.1 7.5 5.6 6.7 10.8 9.6 7.9 9.5 <1 <1 8

January' 2007

IVth 2nd 82 19 10.0 9.5 8.9 9.5 15.3 13.8 12.1 13.7 <1 <1 1 1st 62 18 9.4 8.6 7.9 8.6 11.7 10.5 8.8 10.3 <1 <1 2 Ist 2nd 87 18 8.1 6.9 6.7 7.2 11.8 10.2 8.5 10.1 <1 <1 3 1st 88 25 6.7 7.3 5.5 6.5 10.6 9.3 7.6 9.2 <1 <1 4 IInd 2nd 90 24 7.0 6.6 5.5 6.4 10.5 9.3 7.6 9.1 <1 <1 5 1st 88 18 8.6 8.0 7.3 8.0 12.2 11.1 9.4 10.9 <1 <1 6 IIIrd 2nd 82 25 9.7 9.9 8.2 9.3 14.7 13.3 12.0 13.3 <1 <1 7 1st 82 33 11.7 12.1 10.2 11.3 10.5 9.3 7.6 9.2 <1 <1 8

February' 2007


March' 2007

IVth 2nd 92 21 9.4 8.9 8.3 8.9 14.7 13.2 11.5 13.1 <1 <1 Min 62.0 16.0 5.5 8.7 Max 92.0 36.0 11.3 14.4 Mean 84.4 23.0 7.9 10.9 10th percentile 80.0 17.7 6.1 9.1 30th percentile 82.0 18.8 7.1 9.5 50th percentile 86.0 23.5 7.7 10.4 95th percentile 91.7 33.8 11.0 13.7 98th percentile

92.0 35.1

11.3

14.1



Table-3.7: Ambient Air Quality Report for AQ2 Station: Tongseng

SPM RSPM SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3) HC CO S.No.

Month

Week

Day

μg/m3 μg/m3 06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs



January' 2007


February' 2007


March' 2007

IVth 2nd 110 25 3.8 3.3 2.7 3.3 6.1 4.6 2.9 4.6 <1 <1 Min 89.0 19.3 3.2 4.5 Max 110.0 43.2 7.1 10.0 Mean 100.8 27.5 4.9 6.7 10th percentile 92.0 20.1 3.4 4.9 30th percentile 97.0 25.1 4.3 5.7 50th percentile 101.0 27.1 4.9 6.6 95th percentile 110.0 40.0 6.7 9.7 98th percentile 110.0 42.1 6.9 9.8



Table-3.8: Ambient Air Quality Report for AQ3

Station: Sonapur S.No. Month Week Day SPM RSPM SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3) HC CO

μg/m3 μg/m3 06-14 hrs

15-22 hrs

23-06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06-14 hrs

15-22 hrs

23-06 hrs



January' 2007


February' 2007


March' 2007


107.5 42.8

8.0

11.5



Table-3.9: Ambient Air Quality Report for AQ4 Station: Lumshnong


μg/m3 μg/m3 06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs



January' 2007


February' 2007


March' 2007


118.5 44.7

9.1

13.2




Station: Thngskai S.No. Month Week Day SPM RSPM SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3) HC CO

μg/m3 μg/m3 06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs



January' 2007


February' 2007


March' 2007


96.1 34.6

6.3

9.0



Table-3.11: Ambient Air Quality Report for AQ6 Station: Mynkre


μg/m3 μg/m3 06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs



January' 2007


February' 2007


March' 2007


110.5 39.4

7.6

10.9




Station: Nongsning S.No. Month Week Day SPM RSPM SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3) HC CO

μg/m3 μg/m3 06 - 14 hrs

15 – 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs



January' 2007


February' 2007


March' 2007


95.0 35.6

6.9

9.8



Table-3.13: Ambient Air Quality Report for AQ8 Station: Sialkan


μg/m3 μg/m3 06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs

24 hrs Average

06 - 14 hrs

15 - 22 hrs

23 - 06 hrs



January' 2007


February' 2007


March' 2007


93.0 34.6

6.9

9.7



3.5 Noise Environment Noise levels were measured near highways, residential areas and other settlements located

within 10 km radius around the project site. The noise recording stations are shown in Fig-3.6

and the summary of noise levels in the study area is given in Table-3.14. The day equivalent

noise levels and night equivalent noise levels were found to be less. Noise levels were

recorded at each station with a time interval of one minute for about 30 minutes in each hour

and were computed for equivalent noise levels for day-equivalent, night-equivalent & day-night

equivalent.

Table-3.14 Noise Monitoring Locations

S.No. Location Code Location Name

Distance (kms)

w.r.t. Plant Direction

w.r.t. Plant Environmental

Setting

1 NQ1 Lumshnong 0 - Rural area

2 NQ2 Umlong 3.5 W Rural area

3 NQ3 Wahizar 1.5 N Mixed area

4 NQ4 Thngskai 1.7 NW Rural area

5 NQ5 Nongsning 7.0 N Industrial area

6 NQ6 Mynkre 9.0 N Industrial area

7 NQ7 Sialkan 8.5 NE Industrial area

8 NQ8 Tongseng 4.0 S Industrial area

9 NQ9 Lumtongseng 5.5 S Rural area

10 NQ10 Sonapur 7.5 S Rural area



Fig-3.6 Map showing Noise Monitoring Locations



Table-3.15 Equivalent Noise Levels in the Study Area (10 km radius)

Noise Level Monitoring Station Time in Hrs N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10

6:00 39.6 40.0 40.2 42.8 43.2 43.1 43.7 43.4 54.6 51.9 7:00 40.8 41.1 42.1 44.1 44.4 44.6 44.9 45.1 49.4 47.7 8:00 42.1 42.7 43.6 45.4 46.0 45.6 46.2 45.8 45.1 43.5 9:00 45.7 45.8 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 44.7 43.3 10:00 48.1 47.7 49.4 50.2 49.8 49.0 48.6 49.4 45.2 43.1 11:00 50.7 50.9 52.0 52.2 52.4 52.6 52.8 53.0 41.4 43.3 12:00 51.1 50.7 52.4 52.8 52.4 52.4 52.0 41.7 43.5 13:00 51.3 50.7 52.6 53.2 52.6 52.0 51.4 52.0 40.9 43.3 14:00 50.7 51.1 52.0 53.6 54.0 52.4 52.8 54.4 40.4 43.5 15:00 49.5 49.9 50.8 51.2 51.6 52.0 52.4 52.8 40.1 43.3 16:00 54.8 55.0 53.6 54.9 55.1 55.1 54.4 54.5 41.3 43.5 17:00 56.1 59.3 53.3 58.1 54.9 55.2 55.7 55.7 41.4 43.3 18:00 51.9 52.6 53.2 54.6 53.9 53.9 54.6 54.6 42.8 39.6 19:00 47.7 47.3 49.0 49.4 49.0 49.0 48.6 48.6 44.1 40.8 20:00 43.5 43.8 44.8 45.1 45.4 45.7 46.0 46.3 45.4 42.1 21:00 43.3 43.4 44.6 44.7 44.8 44.9 45.0 45.1 47.1 45.7 22:00 43.1 43.7 44.6 45.2 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.6 50.2 48.1 23:00 43.3 44.9 40.4 41.4 41.2 40.2 40.0 41.0 52.2 50.7 00:00 43.5 44.0 39.5 41.7 42.2 42.2 42.7 42.7 52.8 51.1 01:00 43.3 43.0 40.0 40.9 40.6 39.7 39.4 40.3 53.2 51.3 02:00 43.5 43.0 40.2 40.4 39.9 39.9 39.4 39.4 53.6 50.7 03:00 43.3 43.2 39.1 40.1 39.5 38.9 38.3 39.3 51.2 49.5 04:00 43.5 44.1 40.0 41.3 41.9 41.9 42.5 42.5 54.9 54.8 05:00 43.3 43.7 39.4 41.4 41.8 41.8 42.2 42.2 58.1 56.1

Statistical Analysis of Data

Min 39.6 40.0 39.1 40.1 39.5 38.9 38.3 39.3 40.1 40.0 Max 56.1 59.3 53.6 58.1 55.1 55.2 55.7 55.7 58.1 59.3 Ld 47.9 48.3 48.8 50.0 49.8 49.7 49.8 50.0 51.6 53.7 Ln 53.4 53.7 50.4 51.6 51.6 51.4 51.4 51.9 50.0 48.3 Ldn 50.7 51.1 49.5 50.6 50.6 50.4 50.5 50.8 50.6 51.1

3.5.1 Observations of Noise Levels Data The noise data reveals that the values were well below the acceptable standard noise levels.

The Overall maximum noise was observed at Umlong and Sonapur with maximum values of

59.3 dBA each respectively during the day. The lowest noise levels were observed at Sailakan

during the night time with value 38.3 dBA.



3.6 Water Environment Assessment of baseline data on water environment includes

• Identification of surface water sources

• Identification of ground water sources

• Collection of water samples

• Analyzing water samples for physio-chemical and biological parameters

Assessment of water quality in the study area includes the water quality testing and

assessment per the Indian standard IS 10500 (drinking water standard). The locations of

water sampling are shown in Fig 3.7 water samples from various locations in and around the

plant site within 10 km radius were collected for assessment of the physico-chemical and

bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were according to

the IS methods. Field parameters such as pH, Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen were

tested at site. The parameters thus analyzed were compared with IS 10500. Details of water

sampling locations are given in table below.

Table-3.16 Water sampling locations

S No. Location Code Location Name

Distance (kms)


w.r.t. Plant Sample Source

1 GWQ1 Lumshnong 0 - Ground Water/ Bore Well

2 GWQ2 Umlong 3.5 W Ground Water/ Bore Well

3 GWQ3 Wahizar 1.5 N Ground Water/ Bore Well

4 GWQ4 Thngskai 1.7 NW Ground Water/ Bore Well

5 GWQ5 Nongsing 7.0 N Ground Water/ Bore Well

6 GWQ6 Mynkre 9.0 N Ground Water/ Bore Well

7 GWQ7 Sialkan 8.5 NE Ground Water/ Bore Well

8 GWQ8 Tongseng 4.0 S Ground Water/ Bore Well

9 GWQ9 Lumtongseng 5.5 S Ground Water/ Bore Well

10 SWQ10 Sonapur 7.5 S Surface water



Fig-3.7 Map showing Water Quality Monitoring Locations



Table-3.17 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results

S. No. Parameter Unit GWQ1 GWQ2 GWQ3 GWQ4 GWQ5

1 Colour Hazen uts <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

2 Odour - Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4 Turbidity NTU 6 6 6 9 4

5 pH 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.3 6.95

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 150 140 160 80 18

7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.20

8 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 11 14 14 9 7

9 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 200 210 250 130 34

11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 48 46 52 24 5.2

12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 7.30 6.1 7.3 4.9 1.2

13 Copper (Cu) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

14 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 48 29 34 53 2

16 Nitrates NO3 mg/l 3 1 1 1 <1

17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.25

18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

19 Mercury as (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

20 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

21 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

22 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

23 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

24 Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

25 Zinc (Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

26 Chromium (Cr) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

27 Mineral Oil mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

28 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 95 110 135 30 12

29 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

30 Boron as B mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.02

31 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

GWQ1 Lumshnong GWQ2 Umlong GWQ3 Wahizar GWQ4 Thngskai GWQ5 Nongsning



Table-3.18 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results

S. No. Parameter Unit GWQ6 GWQ7 GWQ8 GWQ9 SWQ10

1 Colour Hazen uts <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

2 Odour Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4 Turbidity NTU 7 8 38 3 26

5 pH 7.4 7.6 6.8 7.1 7.4

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 110 160 36 20 105

7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.25 0.30 0.80 0.20 0.50

8 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 11 18 7 7 11

9 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 160 230 60 38 160

11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 34 52 10.8 5.6 32

12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 6.1 7.3 2.2 1.5 6.1

13 Copper (Cu) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

14 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 10 48 8 2 3

16 Nitrates NO3 mg/l 1 2 1 <1 <1

17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.4

18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

19 Mercury as (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

20 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

21 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

22 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

23 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

24 Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

25 Zinc (Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

26 Chromium (Cr) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

27 Mineral Oil mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

28 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 95 95 26 14 100

29 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

30 Boron as B mg/l 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.04

31 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Nil Nil Nil Nil 6

GWQ6 Mynkre GWQ7 Sialkan GWQ8 Tongseng GWQ9 Lumtongseng SWQ10 Sonapur



3.6.1 Observations of Water Quality Data Water samples were tested for physic-chemical parameters. The test results reveal that the

water samples in the entire study area are soft waters. However it is advisable not to consume

this water without any boiling or disinfection. The water of surface water sample collected from

Sonapur River is found to be software.

3.7 Soil Quality Soil sampling was carried out at six locations. The samples were tested for physico-chemical

parameters. The soil samples were collected from the agricultural lands from the buffer zone

areas. The soil sampling locations are shown in Fig 3.8. The particulars of soil sampling

locations were presented in the table below.

Table-3.19 Location of Soil Sampling Stations

S.No. Location Code Location Name Distance (kms)


w.r.t. Plant

1 S1 Lumshnong 0 -

2 S2 Umlong 3.5 W

3 S3 Tongseng 4.0 S

4 S4 Sonapur 7.5 S

5 S5 Wahizar 1.5 N

6 S6 Sialkan 8.5 NE



Fig-3.8 Map showing Soil Sampling Locations



Table-3.20 Soil Quality Analysis Results

3.7.1 Observations of Soil Quality Data Soil samples were tested for physic-chemical parameters. The test results reveal that all the

samples are slightly acidic with high fertile value. The soils are found to be free from Toxic

substances and heavy metals.

3.7.2 Infiltration Rate in Soil Profile in the project area

Elapsed time (min)

Volume of water intake (cc) (ml)

Infiltration amount (cm)

Cumulative infiltration amount (cm)

Infiltration rate (cm/hr)

Cumulative infiltration rate (cm/hr)

5 1500 2.12 2.12 25.50 25.50

10 1320 1.87 3.99 22.40 47.90

20 2000 2.83 6.82 16.97 64.87

30 1250 1.77 8.59 10.61 75.48

Soil Sampling Station S.No Parameter Unit

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

1 pH (1:2 Soil Water Extract) - 5.6 5.9 5.0 6.40 6.6 5.8

2 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm 180 46 58 52 160 150

3 Nitrate as N mg/kg 60 20 300 90 340 210

4 Phosphorous as P2O5

mg/kg 18 Traces 46 18 56 24

5 Potash as K2O mg/kg 130 80 510 190 420 220

6 Sodium as Na2O mg/kg 85 30 370 180 550 180

7 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 800 320 2480 1120 2640 1440

8 Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 145 100 880 290 1460 240

9 Chloride as Cl mg/kg 43 14 14 14 36 36

10 Organic carbon % 0.15 0.05 0.62 0.21 0.70 0.42

11 Texture - Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy clay loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy clay loam

Sandy loam

Sand % 75 87 49 74 51 67

Silt % 11 6 24 12 23 15

Clay % 14 7 24 14 26 18



45 1625 2.30 10.89 9.19 84.67

60 1875 2.65 13.54 10.60 95.27

90 2000 2.83 16.37 5.66 100.93

120 2250 3.18 19.55 6.36 107.29

180 1550 2.19 21.74 4.38 111.67

210 850 1.20 22.94 1.20 112.87

240 650 0.92 23.86 0.92 113.79 3.8 Biological Environment Study of Biological Environment is one of the most important aspects for Environmental

Impact Assessment Studies in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and

biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic

components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise

both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but

also with the abiotic components viz. physical & chemical components of the environment.

Study for flora and fauna has been carried out in the study area.

3.8.1 Flora and Fauna

Flora

In order to study the floral diversity of the area within 10 km radius from plant site, following six

sectors were selected for sampling:

Lumshnong - Tongseng;

Tongseng – Sonapur;

Lumshnong - Umbadoh;

Lumshnong – Umlong; and

Lumshnong – Umlunar.

The belt transects of 100 x 10 m were laid for sampling the tree species. The number of such

transects varied between 4 and 30 depending upon the area available at a particular sampling

area/site.

Fauna



Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the fauna in the study area.

Visual encounter (search) method was employed to record vertebrate species. Additionally

survey of relevant literature was also carried out to consolidate the list of vertebrate fauna

distributed in the area.

Since birds may be considered as indicators for monitoring and understanding human impacts

on ecological systems (Lawton 1996), an attempt was made to gather quantitative data by:

Point Survey Method:

Observations were made in each site for 15 minutes duration.

Road Side Counts: The observer traveled by motor vehicles from site to site and all sightings were recorded (this

was done both in the day and night time).

Pellet and Track Counts: All possible animal tracks and pellets were identified and recorded (South Wood, 1978).

Based on the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (WPA 1972), Anonymous. 1991, Upadhyay 1995,

Chaturvedi and Chaturvedi, 1996) species were short-listed and arranged as per Schedule

defined in Wildlife Act, 1972 and subsequent amendments. Species listed in Ghosh (1994)

are considered as Indian Red List species.

Flora

The vegetation of the project area can be broadly classified as tropical evergreen forest with

elements from tropical moist deciduous and subtropical forest vegetation. The project area

(Cement plant site) has less than 10% canopy cover. The forests within 10 km radius have

three distinct strata, viz., (i) Upper canopy layer with dominance of emergent trees, (ii) Sub-

canopy layer with dominance of small trees and pole size trees, and (iii) Under canopy layer

with dominance of shrubs, herbs and juvenile trees.

The vegetation present within a defined area is termed as a plant community. This is

determined by the nature of the dominant species it contains. By the term dominant species

or dominance, it is understood that species of plants having same life and growth, forms

predominating in an area. Systematic order of angiosperm families recorded in the study area

is given in Table 3.20 to Table 3.22.



Table 3.21 Tree Species Available in the Study Area.

S.No. Species Family 1. Actinodaphne obovata Lauraceae 2. Ailanthes grandis Simarubaceae 3. Albizzia lucida Mimosaceae 4. Albizzia sp. Mimosaceae 5. Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae 6. Anthocephalus chinense Rubiaceae 7. Aralia armata Araliaceae 8. Ardisia nerifolia Myrsinaceae 9. Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraeceae 10. Bambusa tulda Gramineae 11. Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 12. Bischofia javanica Bischofiaceae 13. Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae 14. Bridelia sp. Euphorbiaceae 15. Callicarpa arborea Verbenaceae 16. Caryota urens Palmae 17. Castanopsis indica Fagaceae 18. Castanopsis tribuloides Fagaceae 19. Cinnamomum bezolghota Lauraceae 20. Cinnamomum obtusifolium Lauraceae 21. Citrus sp. Rutaceae 22. Cyathea sp. Leguminosae 23. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gramineae 24. Duabanga grandiflora Sonneratiaceae 25. Elaeocarpus aristatus Eleocarpaceae 26. Elaeocarpus sp. Eleocarpaceae 27. Englegardtia spicata Juglanaceae 28. Exbucklandia populnea Hammamelidaceae 29. Ficus elmeri Moraceae 30. Ficus sp. Moraceae 31. Garcinia acuminate Clusiaceae 32. Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae 33. Grewia disperma Tiliaceae 34. Grewia sp. Tiliaceae 35. Hevea brasiliensis Hernandiaceae 36. Hibiscus macrophyllus Malvaceae 37. Hydnocarpus kurzii Flacourtiaceae 38. Litsaea sebifera Lauraceae 39. Litsea citrita Lauraceae 40. Litsea laeta Lauraceae 41. Litsea salicifolia Lauraceae 42. Litsea sp. Lauraceae 43. Macaranga denticulate Euphorbiaceae 44. Macropanax disperma Analiaceae 45. Magnolia hodgsonii Magnoliaceae 46. Mallotus tetracoccus Euphorbiaceae 47. Meliosma sp. Meliaceae 48. Oroxylum indicum Bigoniaceae



S.No. Species Family 49. Pandanus sp. Pandanaceae 50. Persea sp. Lauraceae 51. Pithecellobium sp. Leguminosae 52. Premna milleflora Verbenaceae 53. Prunus acuminate Rosaceae 54. Pterospermum acerifolium Sterculiaceae 55. Pterospermum lancifolium Sterculiaceae 56. Quercus lancifolia Fagaceae 57. Quercus spicata Fagaceae 58. Sapium baccatum Euphorbiaceae 59. Sarcosperma griffithii Sapotaceae 60. Saurauia roxburghii Ternstroemiaceae 61. Saurauia sp. Ternstroemiaceae 62. Schima wallichii Theaceae 63. Shima sp. Theaceae 64. Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae 65. Streospermum chelenoides Bigoniaceae 66. Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae 67. Terminalia bellerica Conbretaceae 68. Terminalia myriocarpa Combretaceae 69. Terminalia chebula Combretaceae 70. Tetrameles nudiflora Combretaceae 71. Trema orientalis Ulmaceae 72. Villebrunea frutescens Urticaceae 73. Vitex pedunculata Verbenaceae 74. Vitex sp. Verbenaceae 75. Wendlandia paniculata Rubiaceae 76. Xerospermum sp. Sapindaceae

Table 3.22

Shrub/Herbs Species Available in the Study Area. S.No Species S.No Species

1 Ageratum conyzoides 37 Ferns sp. 2 Alpinia sp. 38 Forrestia sp. 3 Amaranthus sp. 39 Globba sp. 4 Ardisia nerifolia 40 Hedychium sp. 5 Aroides sp. 41 Jasminum sp. 6 Arundina graminifolia 42 Laportea crenulata 7 Baliospermum montana 43 Leea indica 8 Begonia sp. 44 Leea sp. 9 Bidens biternata 45 Licuala peltata

10 Bidens pilosa 46 Luduwigia octovalis 11 Blachnum sp. 47 Lycopodium sp. 12 Boehmeria glomerulifera 48 Maesa indica 13 Boehmeria sp. 49 Maesa sp. 14 Calamus flagellum 50 Melastoma malabathricum 15 Calamus leptospadix 51 Mannihot esculenta 16 Carax cruciata 52 Mimosa himalayana 17 Chenopodium sp. 53 Morinda angustifolia 18 Clerodendron colebrookianum 54 Musa sp.



19 Clerodendron viscosum 55 Osbeckia sp. 20 Clerodendrum sp. 56 Osbekia crenata 21 Coffea sp. 57 Oxalis corniculata 22 Coleus sp. 58 Oxyspora sp. 23 Commelina sp. 59 Phrynium capitata 24 Crassocephalum crepidioides 60 Phrynium pubenervae 25 Cyathula prostrate 61 Pinanga gracilis 26 Dracena sp. 62 Polygonum chinense 27 Elatostema sp. 63 Pteris sp. 28 Erigeron Canadensis 64 Randia sp. 29 Eupatorium odoratum 65 Rhynchotecum ellipticum 30 Fagopteris auriculata 66 Rungia sp. 31 Saccharum spontaneum 67 Spilanthus paniculata 32 Salamona sp. 68 Tabernaemontana divericata 33 Saurauia sp. 69 Thysanolaena maxima 34 Scoperia dulcis 70 Trevesia palmata 35 Selaginella sp. 71 Triumfetta pilosa 36 Solanum torvum 72 Urena lobata

Table 3.23

Climbers/Epiphytes Species Available in the Study Area. S.No. Species S.No. Species

1 Acacia oxyphylla 17 Luisea sp. 2 Acacia pinnata 18 Lygodium flexuosum 3 Acacia prunascens 19 Lygodium fluxuosa 4 Acampe sp. 20 Melocalamus compectiflorus 5 Aeschynanthus sp. 21 Microsorum sp. 6 Agapetes sp. 22 Mikenia macrantha 7 Asplenium nidus 23 Neohouzia helferii 8 Byttneria aspera 24 Nepenthes khasiana 9 Calamus leptospadix 25 Paederia scandens

10 Dendrobium sp. 26 Porana paniculata 11 Derris sp. 27 Pothos sp. 12 Dioscorea sp. 28 Raphidophora decursiva 13 Ficus sp. 29 Raphidophora lancifolia 14 Gnetum scandens 30 Scefflera venulosa 15 Hedyotis scandens 31 Smilex sp. 16 Hoya sp. 32 Thunbergia grandiflora

Based on the above tables, flora of the study area may be summarized as given in Table 3.23.

Table 3.24 Distribution of Dominant Species Available in the Study Area

S.No. Particulars Species

1 Agricultural Crops

Brassica nigra, Capsicum frutescens, Cucumis sativus,

Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Raphanus sativus,

Zea mays



2 Commercial Crops Citrus aurantium, Haevea brasilensis,Thysanolaena

maxima

3 Plantation Litsea citrata, Populus glambelei, Terminalia myriocarpa

4 Grasslands

Mimosa himalayana, Osbekia sp., Oxyspora sp.,

Saccharum spontaneum,Salamona sp., Sellaginella sp.,

Solanum torvum

5 Endangered

Species

Arundina graminifolia, Cyathea spinulosa, Dendrobium

sp., Gnetum scandens, Nepenthes khasiana

6 Endemic Species Nepenthes khasiana

Fauna

The details of fauna found in the study area are given in Tables 3.24 to 3.25.

Table 3.25 Vertebrates Available in the Study Area

S.No. Zoological Name Common Name Schedule status

Birds

1 Acridotheres tristis tristis Indian Myna US

2 Bambusicola fytchii hokinsoni Assam Bamboo Patridge Schedule I Part III

3 Bubo flavipes Tawny Fish Owl US

4 Milvus migrans lineatus Large Indian Kite US

5 Motacilla indica Forest Wagtail US

6 Scolopax rusticola rusticola Wood Cock US

7 Alcedinidae Kingfisher Schedule IV

Reptiles

8 Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard US

9 Collophis macclellandi Coral Snake US

10 Chrysopelea ornata US

11 Natrix pscicolor Water Snake US

12 Varanus bengalensis Indian Monitor Schedule II Part II

13 Chameleon sp. Cameleon Schedule II Part I

Amphibians

14 Amolops afghanus US

15 Bufoides meghalayana US

16 Microphyla ornata US




17 Rana danieli Frog US

18 Rana livida Frog US

19 Rhacophorus maximus US

Fishes

19 Brachydanio rerio Shalynnai US

20 Danio aequipinnatus Shalynnai US

21 Danio dangila Shalynnai US

22 Labeo dera Kha bah US

23 Labeo rohita Kha bah US

24 Puntius shalynius Shalynnai US

Mammals

25 Arctonyx collaris Hog Badger Schedule I Part I

26 Cannomys badius badius Bamboo Rat Schedule V

27 Collosciurus erythraeus erythraeus Squirrel US

28 Crocidura attenuata rubricosa Grey Shrew Schedule V

29 Felis bengalensis bengalensis Leopard Cat Schedule I Part I

30 Herpestes edwardsi Indian Grey Mangoose Schedule IV

31 Lutra lutra monticola Otter Schedule II Part III

32 Mus booduga Field Rat Schedule V

33 Mus musculus House Mouse Schedule V

34 Niviventer fulvescens fulvescens White bellied Rat Schedule V

35 Presbytis pileatus Monkey Schedule V

36 Rattus nitidus nitidus Himalayan Rat Schedule V

37 Rattus rattus House Rat Schedule V

38 Rattus rattus brunneusculus Black Rat Schedule V

39 Rhinolopus affinis himalayanus Intermediate Horse Shoe Bat US

40 Rhinolopus pearsoni Pearson’s Horse Shoe Bat US

41 Scotomanes ornatus ornatus Harlequin Horse Shoe Bat US

42 Suncus murinus griffithi House Shrew US

US- Un-scheduled animals



Table 3.26 Invertebrates Available in the Study Area


Acari

1 Malaconothrus sp. US

2 Scheloribates parvus US

3 Paralamellobates bengalensis US

Annelida: Oligochaeta

4 Drawidia sp. Earthworm US

Arthropoda: Crustacea

5 Macrobrachium assamensis Shrimp US

Arthropoda: Lepidoptera

6 Arneta atkinsoni US

7 Eurema brigitta rubella US

8 Halpe kumara US

9 Matapa druna US

Arthropoda: Insecta

10 Plecoptera- Immature US

11 Trichptera- Immature US

12 Odonata- Immature US

12 Chironomidae larvae US

Mollusca: Gastropoda

13 Bellamya bendalensis Snail US

Zooplankton: Rotifera

14 Brachonus quadridentatus US

15 Brachonus calciflorus US

16 Filinia longiseita US

17 Lecane sp. US

Zooplankton: Cladocera

18 Sida crystalline US

19 Daphnia carinata US

Zooplankton: Copepoda

20 Arctodiaptomus keifari US

21 Heliodiaptomus sp. US

22 Mescocyclops leuckrti US

US- Un-scheduled animals



3.9 Socio Economic Environment

Socio-economic environment includes description of demography, and available basic data.

The study area lies in Khliehriat community development block of district Jaintia Hills of

Meghalaya. The district of Jaintia Hills lies in the eastern part of the Meghalaya and bounded

on the north and east by the state of Assam, on the west by East Khasi Hills and shares a

common international boundary with Bangladesh in south. The district has four community

Development Blocks viz. Thadlaskein, Laskein, Amlarem and Khliehriat. For administrative

purposes, district is divided into two sub-divisions viz. Amlarem and Khliehriat.

The 10 km radius study area around the plant comprises of 18 villages as per Census 1991as

shown in Figure 3.10 while as per Census 2001, total number of villages in the study area are

19 as a result of bifurcation of village Musniang Lamare as new and old.

The socio-economic profile of the study area is presented based on site visits, discussions

with the villagers and the secondary data available form various agencies. Since District

Census Hand Books for Census 2001 have not yet been published, the village wise data for

study area have been extracted from 1991 Census records and available data from

Directorate of Census Operations, Meghalaya, 2001. The demography details and

occupational pattern based on Census 2001 and Census 1991 are given hereunder.

Population All the villages in the study area are grouped into eight population size classes as per given in

Table 3.27 (for details refer Annexure)

Table 3.27 Classification of the Villages Based on Population Size

Number of villages S.No. Village Group Population

Range Census 1991 Census 2001 1 Diminutive villages Below 50 3 2 2 Diminutive villages 50 – 99 4 3 3 Diminutive villages 100 –199 3 3 4 Small villages 200 –499 6 9 5 Medium villages 500 –1999 2 2 6 Large villages 2000 –4999 Nil Nil 7 Very large villages 5000 –9000 Nil Nil 8 Special villages 10,000 + Nil Nil Total 18 19



Most of the villages in the study area have the population less than 500 and only two villages

in the study area have population more than 1000. No village has been found having

population more than 2000. Demographic details of the study area are summarized in Table

3.28.

Table 3.28 Demographic Details of the Study Area

S.No. Particulars Census 2001 Decadal Growth

1 Total Population 6148 52.7% 2 Population density (persons per sq.km) 19.58 52.8% 3 Sex Ratio (nos. of female/ thousand males) 947 6.1% 4 Household 1160 47.4% 5 Schedule Castes 3.76% 32.9% 6 Schedule Tribes 89.13% (-)6.2% 7 Literacy rate Male 38.74% 32.0% Female 35.27% 28.3% Overall 37.05% 30.1%

From table, it can be concluded that, study area is mainly dominated by schedule tribes and

very minor ratio of schedule castes.

Decadal growth in the population of the study area is 52.7%; and

Decadal growth in the sex ratio of the study area is 6.1%.

Literacy Rate Significant decadal growth in the literacy rate of the study area has been observed. As per

census 2001, overall literacy rate of the study area is 37.08% while literacy rate among male

and female are 38.74% and 35.27% respectively.

Occupational Structure The distribution of workers in the study area is summarized in Table 3.29.

Table 3.29 Occupational Pattern of the Study Area

S.No. Particulars Census 1991 Census 2001

1 Main workers 50.05% 42.8%

2 Cultivators 66.05% 68.21%

3 Agricultural labourers 19.9% 13.29%

4 Marginal workers 0.05% 5.2%

5 Non- workers 49.9% 52.0%



From the above table, it is evident that percentage wise there is decline in the availability of

main workers in the study area while marginal workers show a significant decadal growth. This

may be due to less job opportunities made available to the main workers. Main workers of the

study area are mainly contributed cultivators and agricultural labourers.

Infrastructural Facilities The study area is well equipped with educational and medical facilities, drinking water supply,

post offices, approach roads etc. Details of the available infrastructural facilities, based on

Census 1991 are discussed below:

Education Almost all the villages (78%) had education facilities up to primary level and based on the

survey made in the study area, it was found that the educational facilities have been further

strengthened in the study area.

Medical and Public Health Only three villages were having medical facilities otherwise, it was available within 10 km.

Based on the survey made in the study area, medical facilities have been further strengthened

now and number of private doctors are also practicising in the study area.

Drinking Water Drinking water was available in all the villages. The main source of drinking water was through

springs perennial streams and hand pumps . Some villages have tapped water facility. Based

on the survey made in the study area, facilities have been further improved now.

Post Offices The study area had good postal network. All villages were having post offices either at door or

within 10 km. Based on the survey made in the study area, maximum distance of availability of

facility has been reduced to less than 5 km.

Communications Apart from P/T services, transport is the main communication linkage in the study area. About

45% villages in the study area had access to bus service and private taxi services. Otherwise

facilities were available within 10 km. At present, transport facilities in the study area have

been improved significantly.



Road Network Transport and Communication facilities are considered as administrative necessity as well as

a public convenience. However, a well-knit transportation system is a pre-requisite for the

social and economic development of any district. The linking of one place with the other by

road is very essential to provide good transport system. The study area had good road

network. About 55% of the villages had pucca approach road. Based on the survey made in

the study area, facilities have further improved now.

Power and Electricity Almost all the villages (67%) in the study area had access to power supply. Based on the

survey made in the study area, facilities have further improved now.

Historical /Tourist /Archeological Places There are no historical / archeologically important sites present within 10 km radius around the

project site.

3.10 Land Use Pattern Land use of the study area i.e. 10 km radius around the project site covering 314.28 sq. km

was classified into five major categories: (i) Settlement, (ii) Agriculture, (iii) Forests, (iv) Grass

and Scrub and (v) Barren land. The land use pattern has been worked out with the help of IRS

IB Geocoded F.C.C. (False Colour Composite) Satellite Imageries of RF 1:50,000 scales. The

imageries were overlaid on the topographical sheets of Survey of India of the same scale.

Final land use map was prepared after ground verification. Different categories of land use

were calculated with the help of an electronic map measure (Curvy meter). The area under

different land use classes in the study area is presented in Table 3.30 and land use map

(Figure 3.9).

Table 3.30 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

S.No Land use Area (sq km) Percentage of total area (approximate)

1 Settlement 4.71 1.5

2 Agriculture 58.14 18.5

3 Forest 216.85 69

4 Grass and Scrub 18.85 6.0

5 Barren land 15.71 5.0

Total 314.28 100.0



3.10.1 Cropping Pattern The main crop of the area is Paddy. The minor crops of the area are Maize, Rabi &

other pulses, Other cereals & small millet, Sesamum, Rape & Mustard, Soya bean etc.

Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

The forest cover is 216.85 sq. km, which accounts for 69% of the geographical area.

Agriculture is the next important land use in the area. Most of the agricultural lands account for

orchard, paddy fields etc. The tone and texture of imageries clearly identified the grass and

scrubs, which account for about 6% of the total geographical area. Barren land which occupies

about 5% of the area includes broken land, rocky knobs, boulders and sandy river bed.



CHAPTER 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts from the proposed

power plant in the study area.

4.1 Prediction of Impacts Prediction of Impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact

Assessment studies. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict

impacts of developmental activities on physical, ecological and socio-economic

environments. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of

environmental quality to derive the ultimate (Post-project) scenario of environmental

conditions.

The prediction of impacts helps in minimizing the adverse impacts on environmental quality

during pre and post project execution. In case of water, land and socio-economic

environments, the predictions have been made based on available scientific knowledge and

judgments.

In this chapter, an attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground

level concentrations above the baseline status due to the emissions from this proposed

expansion project.

4.2 Assessment / Evaluation of Impacts The identification and general assessment of impacts of the proposed project has been

carried out in the earlier section. The impact of activities related to proposed project on each

environmental attribute was assessed. The environmental impact evaluation presented in this

section describes the cumulative impact of all project activities on each environmental

attribute in the local environmental setting. The impact on various environmental attributes is

expressed in appropriate units so as to arrive at an aggregate score of the “Environmental

Impact” of the project. This exercise results in a whole number, which could be used in

decision making without any ambiguity.



Table - 4.1 Environmental Impact Matrix

S.No Environmental Component Project Activity Impact Severity of

Impact Site clearance

Designated area is available for the proposed project Negligible

Construction activities

Topographic look will change slightly but represents the areas land use pattern

Negligible 1 Topography

Operation activities

Topography look will change. The available free land is utilized. Negligible

Site clearance

Excavation and levelling activities will generate fugitive cause air pollution Minimal


Excavation and levelling activities will generate fugitive air pollution Minimal 2 Air Quality

Transportation

Vehicular and fugitive emissions & welding Minimal


Noise will be generated from loading and unloading materials Minimal


Continuous noise due to operations but confined to within the site Minimal 3 Noise

Transportation

Increase in noise levels due to vehicular traffic Minimal


Surface water will be used and tankers are also utilized Minimal

4 Water Resources Operation

activities Surface water and tankers are also utilized for cooling Minimal


Water tankers utilization apart from ground water Minimal

5 Water Pollution Operation activities

Effluent generated from the process is treated and reused Minimal

Site clearance

There will not be major disturbance to flora and fauna Minimal


There will not be major disturbance to flora and fauna Minimal 6 Ecology


There will not be major disturbance to flora fauna Minimal


Excavation and levelling activities will generate fugitive emission. Minimal

7 Soil Characteristics Operation

activities No changes are envisaged in this phase Minimal



S.No Environmental

Component Project Activity Impact Severity of

Impact Construction activities

The project will be coming up at a barren land Minimal

8 Land Use Operation activities

The project will be coming up at a barren land Minimal

Construction activities Creation of additional jobs/ businesses Significant

9 Socio-economics Operation

activities Rise in per capita income in the close vicinity due to opportunity Significant


Built up of temporary structures for workers and non-workers

Moderate

10 Civic Amenities Operation activities

Availability of permanent structures for workers, non-workers

Moderate


Dusty conditions during summer with vehicular movement Minimal

11 Occupational Health Operation

activities Process specific activities, heat and emission protective control measures followed

Minimal


Heavy equipment usage is temporary with proper mitigative measures Minimal

12 Vibrations Operation activities

Continuous usage of machinery with proper mitigative measures Minimal


General construction waste will be disposed off in designated sites Minimal

13 Solid/Hazardous waste Operation

activities Disposal of ash in a safer manner by disposal of the waste to local vendors of brick manufacturing or cement industry

Minimal

4.2.1 Environmental Setting

Considering the issues involved in proposed modernization cum expansion of cement plant,

the activities can be divided into two phases viz Construction Phase and Operation Phase

4.3 Impacts during Construction Phase Construction phase activity involves erection of equipment and units, infrastructure

development like roads, water, electricity and drainage etc. The nature of impacts during

Construction Phase is listed in the Table No.4.2.



Table - 4.2

Nature of Impacts during Construction Phase

Activity Impact

Acquisition of land for industrial development

Affects the present land use pattern. Any presence of sensitive areas, archaeological sites, and human settlements may create conflicts.

Topographical changes such as levelling of undulating ground to facilitate construction

Affects air quality due to increase in SPM levels, impact on flora and fauna, impact on soil and noise quality.

Construction of roads and civil engineering structures, movement of heavy earth movers and vehicles.

Affects air quality due to increase in SPM, SOx and NOx levels, impact on noise quality.

Migration of Labour Impact on infrastructure like housing, creates health hazards due to poor sanitation problems.

4.4 Impacts during Operation Phase

During the Operation Phase the establishment of the plant results in emissions and

generation of solid waste. The impacts during Operational Phase are listed in the Table No.4.3.

Table - 4.3

Nature of Impacts during Operation Phase

Aspects Impact

Air emissions Affects air quality, ecology due to increase in SPM and NOx levels depending upon the type of process

Noise emissions Affects community noise environment of the region due to increase in day-night equivalent noise levels

Solid Waste Affects the ground water quality

Considering the magnitude of impact, the impacts are termed as High / Low impacts; based

on duration of impacts these are termed as Long-term / Short-term impacts. The project

activities during the Construction phase are short-term in nature except for the acquisition of

land and land use profile.



4.4.1 Air Pollution

Major sources of air pollution are emission from mills, bag houses, kiln, crushers and stock

piles. Fugitive Dust Emissions are also inevitable from Raw Material Handling System and

the packaging and transportation sections. The types of pollutants discharged and their

concentrations are presented in the subsequent sections in this chapter.

4.4.2 Simulation Model for Prediction (Industrial Source Complex Short-Term Dispersion Model) The pollutants released into the atmosphere will disperse in the down wind direction and

finally reach the ground at farther distance from the source. The concentration of ground

level concentrations mainly depends upon the strength of the emission source and

micrometeorology of the study area.

In order to estimate the ground level concentrations due to the emission from the proposed

project, EPA approved Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST) Dispersion Model

has been employed. ISCST Dispersion Model provides option to model emissions from a

wide range of sources that are present at a typical industrial source complex. The model

considered the sources and receptors in undulated terrain as well as plain terrain and

combination of both. The basis of the model is the straight line steady state Gaussian Plume

Equation, with modifications to model simple point source emissions from stacks, emissions

from stack that experience the effect of aerodynamic down wash due to near by buildings,

isolated vents, multiple vents, storage piles etc.

Meteorological Data

The meteorological data recorded at the proposed plant site during the study period has

been processed to extract the data required for simulation.

Application

Industrial source complex short-term dispersion model with the following options has been

employed to predict the cumulative ground level concentrations due to the proposed

emissions.

• All terrain dispersion parameters are considered.

• Predictions have been carried out to estimate concentration values over radial

distance of 10 km around the sources.



• Uniform Polar receptor network has been considered.

• Emission rates from the sources were considered as constant during the entire

period.

• The ground level concentrations computed were as is basis without any

consideration of decay coefficient.

• Calm winds recorded during the study period are also considered.

• 24-hour mean meteorological data extracted from the meteorological data

collected during the study period as per guidelines of IMD and MOE&F has been

employed to compute the mean ground level concentrations to study the impact

on study area.

• An option for creation of data file giving average ground level concentrations for

the mean meteorological data of summer season has been used for post

processing in SURFER – 8 graphics package.

Inputs Used For Model: The inputs used to run the model are stack details, Emission

details, and 24 Hours mean meteorological data. The stack & emission details are shown

below:



Table - 4.4 Stack & Emission Details

S. No

Plant section & Unit Stack Height from

ground level (m)

Stack Dia. (m)

Exhaust Gas

Temperature (0C)

Exit Gas Velocity

(m/s)

Volumetric flow rate (m3/hr)

APCE Installed

Design capacity of Dust Outlet

Concentration (mg/Nm3)

Emission Rate of SPM

(Kg/hr)

1 Primary crusher section 21.0 1.2 45 7.36 30,000 Bag Filter 50 1.41

2 Secondary Crusher Section 17.0 1.0 45 8.84 25,000 Bag Filter 50 1.17

3 LS Bunker 13.6 0.44 45 36.5 20000 Bag Filter 50 0.94

4 RABH 45.4 3.0 130 13.5 350000 Bag Filter 50 12.94

5 Cooler Section 30.4 2.8 150 9.0 220000 ESP 50 7.75

6 Clinker stock pile 12.0 1.1 70 10.0 35000 Bag Filter 50 1.52

7 Cement Mill 30.0 1.2 70 9.82 40,000 Bag Filter 50 1.74

8 Coal Mill 37.0 1.2 80 13.5 55000 Bag Filter 50 2.32

9 Packing plant 28.0 1.1 45 10.0 35,000 Bag Filter 50 1.64



Output from the Model The predicted maximum ground level concentration of 24 Hour average SPM, SO2 and NOx

concentrations are 14.0µg/m3, 0.9 µg/m3 and 1.3 µg/m3 respectively occurring in predominant

downwind direction SW.

4.4.3 Post Project Scenario Predicted maximum ground level concentrations considering 24 hour mean meteorological

data of winter season are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations obtained

during the study period to estimate the post project scenario, which would prevail at the post

operational phase. The overall scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum

baseline concentrations is shown in the following table and isopleths are shown in the

Figure 4.1.to 4.3.

Table-4.5 Post Project Scenario

24- Hourly Concentrations SPM (µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3) Predicted Ground Level Concentration (Max) 14.0 0.93 1.37

Baseline Scenario (Max) 119 9.2 13.3

Overall Scenario (Worst Case) 133 10.1 14.6

CPCB limits for Industrial areas 500 120 120

CPCB limits for rural & residential areas 200 80 80 The predicted ground level concentrations obtained when superimposed on the baseline

concentrations are well within the prescribed NAAQ Standards.



Fig 4.1: Predicted 24- Hourly Average GLCs of SPM (ug/m3)

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

meters

-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

met

ers

0.20

0.70

1.20

Mynkre

Umrasong

Nongsning

Shiehruphi

Thangskei

Wahiajer

Umbadoh

Lumshnong

Umlaper

Tongseng

Lumtongseng

Sonapur

Shymplong

Umlong

Umrasong

Umrasiang Musiang

Sialkan

Um lu

nar

Lubha R

Lubh

a R

Wah Lanang N

Sesh

ympa

R

25 15 25 15'

25 15'

Concentration in µg/m3



Fig 4.2: Predicted 24- Hourly Average GLCs of SO2 (ug/m3)

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

meters

-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

met

ers

0.10

0.40

0.70

Mynkre

Umrasong

Nongsning

Shiehruphi

Thangskei

Wahiajer

Umbadoh

Lumshnong

Umlaper

Tongseng

Lumtongseng

Sonapur

Shymplong

Umlong

Umrasong

Umrasiang Musiang

Sialkan

25 15 25 15'

25 15'




Fig 4.3: Predicted 24-Hourly Average GLCs of NOx (ug/m3)

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

meters

-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

met

ers

0.10

0.60

1.10

Mynkre

Umrasong

Nongsning

Shiehruphi

Thangskei

Wahiajer

Umbadoh

Lumshnong

Umlaper

Tongseng

Lumtongseng

Sonapur

Shymplong

Umlong

Umrasong

Umrasiang Musiang

Sialkan

Um lu

nar

Lubha R

Lubh

a R

Wah Lanang N

Sesh

ympa

R

25 15 25 15'

25 15'




4.4.4 Impact of Vehicular Emissions The major emission from the vehicular traffic is carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. In order

to estimate the incremental rise of HC & CO from the traffic, a vehicular impact assessment

study has been carried out. The following is the estimation of trucks for transport of the

various raw materials and finished products:

Table 4.6 Estimate of Trucks for Transport

Particular Quantity

Total ore quantity to be transported, MTPA 1.45 Capacity of each truck (tonnes) 20 Road length (average) 1.0km Road width (assumed) 10mts Atmospheric stability considered for worst case Stable conditions Wind speed (worst case scenario) 1 m/s

From the above table, it can be seen that the total number of truck trips per hour required for

transport of 1.45 MTPA of raw materials and finished products will be 15 trip. In order to

assess the impacts on the air environment due to emissions from the trucks, an EPA

approved CALINE4 model was run for the worst meteorological condition considering the

total length of the road within the study area. CALINE4 is a line source air quality models

developed by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and is approved by

EPA. It is based on the Guassian diffusion equation. The model assesses the air quality

impacts near road ways. Given source strength, meteorology and site geometry, CALINE4

can predict pollutant concentrations for receptors located within 200 meters of the roadway.

The following are the emission rates of various pollutants considered for estimation of impact

Table 4.7 Emissions through transportation

Parameters Emissions Trip length m

Trucks per hour

1000 70 HC & CO 1.5 g/s

Maximum incremental value of HC & CO has been predicted at a distance of 100 m from the

road with maximum predicted value of 0.3 ppm. The predicted concentration reduces to less

than 0.1 ppm at a distance of 400 m from the road. The impact becomes nil beyond a

distance of 500m.

http://us.mg2.mail.yahoo.com/dc/launch?.rand=ecoakri5na948#_msocom_1



4.4.5 Impact on Surface Water Quality

The estimated water requirement for entire operations would be 900 kL/d. Water supply

shall be through central pumping station to the plant. The water distribution system includes

an underground raw water tank and a pump house. The raw water shall be treated in clarifier

and in multi grade sand filter followed by chlorination before sending to consumer points.

The water consumed will be recycled after treatment and shall be utilized in the process. The

total Water requirement has been presented below:

Table 4.8 Water Requirements

Purpose Water Requirement (m3 / day) Source Type

Project: Process 280 Surface water Treated water

Cooling water 320 Surface water Treated water DM water Nil --- --- Dust suppression 30 Surface water Raw water Drinking 20 Surface water Treated water Green belt 30 Surface water Raw water Others if any Nil -- -- Sub Total (A) 680 Fresh Water only

Township: Domestic 200 Ground water Raw water Green belt 20 Ground water Treated Water Others if any Nil --- ---- Sub Total (B) 220 Fresh Water only Grand Total (A+B) 900 Fresh Water only

4.4.6 Impact on Ground Water It is proposed to recycle and reuse the water. Hence the treated wastewater is used for

greenbelt development. CMCL adopts the conservation of water policy; hence the water

drawl will be in accordance to the water conservation policy. Hence the impact of the project

on the ground water and the aquifers from where the water is drawn will be minimal. As the

plant treats and recycles the entire wastewater and reuses, there are no disposals of

wastewater from the plant. Hence there is no impact on ground water.

4.4.7 Impact on Noise Levels Any industrial complex in general consists of several sources of noise in clusters or single. In

order to predict ambient noise levels at various sensitive areas noise levels were monitored.

During plant operation ambient noise levels will increase considerably only close to the



different sections of the plant. Noise levels are mainly generated from boilers, generators,

pumps and cooling towers in the plant. Various equipments like Turbine, Generator, Boilers

feed pump, Condensate, Cooling Tower and ID & FD Fans would be designed to 85 dB (A).

Noise levels monitored are presented below:

Table 4.9 Noise Levels at Different Sources

Name of Source Noise Level at 1 m distance

Mills 86-100 Pumps 85-100 Forced draft fans 85-100 Induced draft fans 77-97 Compressors 82-105 Air Compressor 95 Diesel Generator 75 Coal mill 90

It is also observed from the study that the noise levels almost at all locations outside the

plant area are within the limit.

4.4.8 Solid Waste Generation and Impact Solid waste generation is inevitable in any production industry. Safe and scientific

arrangement for handling, storage and disposal of all solid wastes such as fly ash from air

pollution control devices has been planned. Fly ash is either sold out to the local vendors for

making bricks, or cement plants located in the area for manufacture of Pozzolana Portland

Cement.

4.4.9 Impact on Ecology There are no reserved forests located in the close proximity to the plant. The project will not

have adverse impacts on the existing flora and fauna. As the forest is far from the proposed

project, the impact will be minimal. Hence there will not be any severe impact on biodiversity.

Since the change in ambient air quality due to emissions from the proposed plant will be

small, so the impact on flora and fauna is minimal.

4.4.10 Demography and Socio-economics The impacts of the proposed expansion of Cement Plant on demography and socio

economic condition are as follows.



Increase in employment (direct and indirect) opportunities and Reduction in

migration to outside for employment.

The project would need 107 employees in addition to the current staff.

Increase in literacy rate.

Growth in service sectors

Increase in consumer prices of indigenous produce and services, land prices, house

rent rates and Labour rates.

Improvement in socio cultural environment of the study area.

Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services.

Increase in employment due to increased business, trade commerce and service

sector.

The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be beneficial.

4.4.11 Impact on Human Settlements Due to the support services requirement of the guest community in the proposed plant, the

host community will be benefited by way of generation of employment opportunities,

increased demand for the local produce and services. Hence, there will be rise in the income

level of the host community.

4.4.12 Impact on Health Adequate air pollution, water and noise control measures will be provided in proposed plant

to conform to regulatory standards. The environmental management and emergency

preparedness plans are proposed to ensure that the probability of undesired events and

consequences are greatly reduced, and adequate mitigation is provided in case of an

emergency. The overall negative impact on Human health is negligible during operation of

plant. The positive impact will be due to availability of medical facilities in the plant to local

population.

4.5 Impact Matrix

For quantification of impacts, matrix system as modified to some extent has been used. The

impacts in both construction and operation phase are considered separately and the

individual scores for potential impacts has been estimated and presented below:



Table 4.10 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase

Nature of Likely Impacts Weightage Potential Impacts

Local Regi-onal

Short Term

Long Term

Reversible

Irreversible

Adverse Bene-ficial

Minor Moderate

Signi-ficant

Air Quality * * * * * Water quality * * * * * Water resources * * * * * Noise and vibration * * * * * Solid waste * * * * * Land Use Pattern * * * * * Forest & Vegetation * * * * * Wild life * * * * * Socio – economic * * * * * Employment * * * * *

Table 4.11 Potential Impacts during Operation Phase

Nature of Likely Impacts Weightage Potential Impacts Local Regi-

onal Short Term

Long Term

Reversi-ble

Irreversible

Adverse Beneficial

Minor Mod-erate

signi-ficant

Air Quality * * * * * Water quality * * * * * Water resources * * * * * Noise and vibration * * * * * Solid waste * * * * * Land Use Pattern * * * * * Forest & Vegetation * * * * * Wild life * * * * * Socio – economic * * * * * Employment & economic growth

* * * * *

For quantifying impacts on the environment, the policies of the Government of India, Ministry

of Environment & Forests and standards prescribed by CPCB/MSPCB are being considered.

Weightage to each environmental parameter based on its importance has been assigned as

per given below:

Table 4.12 Importance Values

Parameters Importance Value Air Quality 150 Water quality 100 Water resources 100 Noise & vibration 50 Solid waste 50 Land use 25 Forest and Vegetation 150 Wild life 75 Infrastructure & support services 100 Employment & economic growth 200



The severity has been divided in impact scores from 0-5 for calculating the severity of

impacts on the environmental parameters due to various project activities as per given

below:

Table 4.13

Impact Score

Severity criteria Impact score No impact 0 No appreciable impact 1 Significant impact-slight or short term effect 2 Major impact-occasional irreversible effect 3 High impact-irreversible or long term impact 4 Permanent impact 5

The impact score can be -ve or +ve depending on whether the impact is adverse or

beneficial. Based on the above importance values and impact scores, the impact value

(impact score x importance value) for the environmental parameters is calculated. The

impact value for individual parameter is added to arrive at the total impacts value. The

criterion which is being used to make conclusive statement based on the total impacts value

without control measures is defined as per given below:

Total impact value Conclusions

Upto(-)1000 No appreciable impact on environment (-) 1000 to (-) 2000 Appreciable but reversible impact Mitigation measures important. (-)2000 to (-) 3000 Significant impact mostly reversible after short period. Mitigation measures crucial. (-) 3000 to (-) 4000 Major impact which is mostly Irreversible. Site selection to be considered. Above (-) 4000 Permanent irreversible impact, alternative sites to be considered.

The environmental impact matrix based on the above principles has been attempted and is

given in the table below:



Table 4.14 Environmental Impact Matrix with scores

Construction Phase Operation Phase Impact Value

Environmental parameters

Importance value Civil

works Erection

Mech. eqpt.

Plant operation

Transportation Disposal of liquid effluent

Disposal of solid waste

Housing provision

Provision of civic

amenities Medical facilities

Green belt Construction Operation

Air Quality 150 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 (+)1 -300 -300 Water Quality 100 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 0 (+)1 -100 -100 Water resources 100 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 0 (-)1 0 (+)1 -100 -100 Noise and Vibration 50 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 0 0 0 0 0 (+)1 -100 -50 Solid waste 50 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 (+)1 -100 -100 Land use 25 (-)1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -25 0 Forest and vegetation 150 (-)1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (+)1 -150 +150 Wild life 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Infrastructure & support services

100 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 0 0 0 (+)1 0 0 +200 +300

Employment & Economic growth

200 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 0 0 0 (+)1 0 0 +400 +600

TOTAL IMPACT VALUE -275 +400 The total impact value for the project works out to be:

During construction stage: (-) 275, during operation stage: (+) 400. The result indicates a positive impact of setting up of ongoing project.


CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 INTRODUCTION M/s Cement Manufacturing Company Limited (CMCL), is planning to adopt corporate

philosophy of eco-friendly development. The management firmly believes in the concept

of sustainable industrial operations at all their facilities. To maintain ecological balance of

the area, CMCL has proposed to take adequate measures to mitigate all possible

adverse impacts at its proposed new project. CMCL has proposed a capital of

Rs 2.5 Crores for the Environmental Protection and Social cost for the proposed new

project.

CMCL has incorporated all necessary steps to mitigate the environmental pollution in the

design stage itself. Environmental Management Plan of the plant details the

environmental quality control measures proposed by CMCL during construction and

operations phase of the project. EMP also details the Post Project Monitoring to be

undertaken by the plant authorities in order to maintain environmental quality within the

stipulated standard limits specified by State Pollution Control Board, CPCB and Ministry

of Environment and Forests.

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 5.2.1 Air Environment The construction of proposed plant would result in the increase of SPM concentrations

due to fugitive dust over a short period. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the

construction sites would be undertaken and will be continued after the completion of

plant construction, as there is scope for heavy truck mobility. It will be ensured that both

gasoline and diesel powered vehicles are properly maintained to comply with exhaust

emission requirements.



5.2.2 Noise Environment There will be marginal increase in noise levels during construction phase, which is

temporary. No construction activities are planned during night time, which may

contribute to the existing baseline.

5.2.3 Water Environment During construction, all the existing infra-structural services including water supply,

sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be available for use. The construction

site would be provided with suitable toilet facilities for the workers to allow proper

standards of hygiene. These facilities would be connected to the STP of the operating

unit to minimise impact on the environment.

5.2.4 Land Environment Generally cutting of herbaceous vegetation, during the construction phase results in the

loosening of the top soil. There is no such removal of vegetation in the proposed site.

Further plantation measures would help in preventing soil erosion.

5.2.5 Socio-economic Environment Any construction activity will benefit the local population in a number of ways. The

company management shall give preference to local people through both direct and

indirect employment. It shall provide ample opportunity to the locals to up-lift their living

standards by organizing events that propagate mutual benefits to all, such as health

camps, awareness campaigns, donations to poorer sections of society and

downtrodden. Educational needs of the region should be improved by encouraging the

workers to allow their children to attend schools. Sufficient funds shall be allocated for

these and other emergency needs. Compensation packages to the kin of those workers

who loose / disable their working ability due to any accident.

5.2.6 Safety and Health



Adequate space will be provided for construction of temporary sheds for construction

workers mobilized by the contractors. M/s. Cement Manufacturing Co. Ltd., will supply

potable water for the construction workers. The safety department will supervise the safe

working of the contractor and their employees. Work spots will be maintained clean,

provided with optimum lighting and enough ventilation to eliminate dust/fumes. A

comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety management plan is put in place to

address any sort of eventuality.

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING OPERATIONS PHASE

5.3.1 Air Environment Air pollution is inevitable from the manufacture of cement. The major pollutant emerged

out of operations is particulate matter.

Stack Emissions Management

Dust emission is the main pollutant emitted from various stacks in a Cement Plant while

other emissions are SO2, NOx and CO. The following measures are being envisaged to

be adopted:

• Suitably modifications in the ESP/ additional Bag filters are installed downstream of

the stacks which will separate out the incoming dust in flue gas and limit the dust

concentration at its designed outlet concentration of 50 mg/Nm3;

• The dust generated from coal handling plant will be insignificant because of handling

of fine coal in closed circuit. For further suppression of dust adequate water spray

system is being provided;

• In the event of failure of any pollution control equipment, automatic tripping in the

control system is provided;

• For ESP operations, interlocking is provided with supply to electrode, which means

that any distribution in the power supply to electrode will switch the whole unit off;

• A well-designed burner system, shall limit the temperature to a reasonably low value

of NOx. Further it is proposed to go for low NOx Calciner to minimize the NOx

generation and emission;



• Impact of CO emission is negligible in view of the firing technique of keeping a

positive oxygen balance. However, regular monitoring and continuous auto regulation

of fuel and air by automatic combustion control system is proposed to be installed;

• All vehicles and their exhausts would be well maintained and regularly tested for

emission concentration;

• Adequate thickness of insulating material with proper fastening is being provided to

control the thermal pollution;

• Provision of regular preventive maintenance of pollution control equipment; and

• Stack emissions shall be regularly monitored by CMCL/ MSPCB/ external agencies

on periodic basis.

Fugitive Emission Management

The following measures are being adopted:

• Jet Pulse bag filters at all dry material conveying and transfer points;

• Dust suppression system by water sprinkler at dump hopper of coal/limestone;

• Regular dust suppression with water sprinkler on the haul roads;

• Level sensor to have a gap of only half-meter in between stacking boom and top of

pile;

Tree plantation will be done on more than 33% area of plant and in addition avenue

plantation will be done on both sides of the internal road and near the main office

building as well as at the parking area also.

5.3.2 Noise Environment Some of the design features provided to ensure low noise levels are as per given below:

• All rotating items shall be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as

possible to reduce noise transmission. Extensive vibration monitoring system is

being provided to check and reduce vibrations. Vibration isolators are being provided

to reduce vibration and noise wherever possible;

• In general, noise generating items such as fans, blowers, compressors, pumps,

motors etc. are so specified as to limit their speeds to less than 1500 rpm and reduce



noise levels. Static and dynamic balancing of equipment will be insisted upon and

will be verified during inspection and installation;

• Provision of silencers are made wherever possible;

• The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety shall also

act as noise reducers;

• Layouts of equipment foundations and structures are being designed keeping in view

the requirement of noise abatement;

• Central control room(s) provided for operation and supervision of plant and

equipment will be air-conditioned, insulated and free from plant noise. Necessary

enclosures will also be provided on the working platforms/areas to provide local

protection in high noise level areas;

• Proper lubrication and housekeeping to avoid excessive noise generation;

• In case where the operation of the equipment warrants the presence of operators in

close proximity to equipment, the operators will be provided with necessary safety

and protection equipment such as ear plugs, ear muffs etc.;

• By provision of green belt in and around the plant premises;

• Occupational Health and Safety Administration System (OHSAS) for evaluation of

exposure of noise pollution on the associated staff and comparing it with permissible

exposure and subsequently taking corrective actions shall be developed;

By these measures, it is anticipated that noise levels in the plant will be maintained

below 75 dB(A) at the boundary of the plant premises. Earth mounds and plantations in

the zone between plant and township would further attenuate noise level.

5.3.3 Solid Waste Management

• Waste oil shall be stored in leak proof steel drums and sent to the “Spent Oil Storage

Site”. The waste oil drums shall be properly identified with label of what is contained

both in local language and English. It is proposed to be disposed off by burning it in

the cement kiln under controlled conditions or by selling it to authorized vendors;

• The sludge generated from the STP at colony shall be used as manure for greenbelt

development. Regular monitoring shall be carried out to assess its suitability for

greenbelt development;



• The solid waste generated as municipal waste will be collected, segregated and will

be disposed off through authorized vendors.

• Storage area that would be used for fuel & oil drums and grease cartridges storage

would have concrete flooring;

• Litter, fuel, oil drums, used grease cartridges would be collected and removed

properly;

• Dust bins shall be placed at requisite locations; and

• In case of any spillage, area shall be cordoned off and surface soil shall be removed

and disposed as per standard practice at the earliest.

5.3.4 Water Resource/ Quality Management Following measures shall be adopted:

• Continuous attempt shall be made to optimize/reduce the use of water in plant and

colony;

• Continuous attempt shall be made to avoid wastage and leakage of water;

• Regular record of level and flow of surface water sources shall be maintained;

• Regular record of water table in case of tubewells shall be maintained;

• Raw water quality shall be checked on regular basis for essential parameters under

BIS:10500 before and after treatment;

• Drainage system that shall be used for carrying the waste water to the STP shall be

periodically checked for any leakage; and

• Treated wastewater at inlet and outlet of STP shall be monitored on regular basis to

assess the performance of STP.

• As the area receives heavy rain fall, hence runoff from all the roof top and paved

area will be diverted to rain water harvesting pit within the designated area of project

premises.

5.3.5 Wastewater The details of wastewater generated from the ongoing unit are given in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1

Details of Wastewater Generation S.No Source Quantity (m3/day)

1 Plant operation Nil 2 Workshop Nil



S.No Source Quantity (m3/day) 3 DM Water plant waste & filter back wash Nil 4 Softener Water plant waste & filter back wash 8.0 5 Domestic from plant 38.0 6 Domestic from Township 150.0

Total 196

It is proposed that effluent generated from softening plant shall be sprayed on coal in

coal yard while domestic effluent from plant and township shall be treated in Sewage

Treatment Plant (STP).

5.3.6 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is existing and can handle sewage for maximum

hydraulic loading up to 400 m3/day. Hence it can handle the possible sewage generated

due to the expansion effectively. The scheme of treatment comprises of primary,

secondary and tertiary treatment. The quality of effluent at inlet and outlet are as given in

below table.

Table 5.2

Characteristics of Effluent Effluent Quality S.No. Parameter

At Inlet At Outlet 1 pH 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 7.5 2 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 200 - 300 <10 3 BOD5 at 20 0C (mg/l) 200-300 <20 4 COD 400- 500 <100 5 Oil & grease (mg/l) <20 <10

The effluent so generated from domestic activities in plant and colony shall be collected

in a sump and from sump it shall be fed to aeration tank after grit removal. From aeration

tank, effluent shall be put to chlorination and filtration after clarification. The details of

basis of design shall be as given below:

1 Intake Sump

Detention Capacity

1.5 hours 25 m3

2 Grit Removal Type Flow

Grit Separator 17 m3/hr



3 Aeration Detention Sludge return MLSS F/M Type of process

18 hours 50% 3500 – 4000 mg/l 0.11 – 0.15 Extended aeration

4 Clarification

Detention Overflow rate Removal of Suspended Solid design capacity

4.5 hours 15 cm/m2/day 400 m3/day plus sludge for circulation

5 Chlorination Detention Dosing Flow Type

1 hour 10 ppm chlorine 17 m3/hr Compact dosing through pump

6 Filtration Type Flow Filtration rate

Multi Grade Pressure Filter 17 m3/hr 13 m3/hr/m2

7 Activated Carbon Filtration Flow Filtration rate

17 m3/hr 13 m3/hr/m2

The sludge shall be fed to sludge drying beds and after drying, the sludge shall be used

as manure for green belt development. The treated effluent shall be reutilized as per

details given below:

Particulars Quantity Total Treated effluent 175 m3/day Dust suppression 40 m3/day Green belt at Plant 35 m3/day Green belt at Township 100 m3/day

In addition to the above and as a step towards the conservation of water CMCL

proposes to have rain water harvesting ponds and storm water drainage system.

5.3.7 Solid Waste The details of solid waste generated from ongoing plant are given in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3

Details of Solid Waste Generated



S.No Source Quantity (Tonnes/ month)1 Sludge from STP 1.3 2 Oily Sludge 8.0 3 Raw water treatment plant 1.7

Waste oil shall be stored in leak proof steel drums and sent to the “Spent Oil Storage

Site”. The waste oil drums shall be properly identified with label of what is contained both

in local language and English. It is proposed to be disposed off by burning it in the

cement kiln under controlled conditions or by selling it to authorized vendors.

The sludge generated from the STP at colony shall be used as manure for greenbelt

development. The solid waste generated from Raw Water Treatment Plant shall be

disposed off in leveling low lying patches within the plant and township premises.

However, regular monitoring shall be carried out to assess its suitability for specific

purposes.

The solid waste generated will be collected, segregated and will be sent to municipal

waste disposal site allocated by local administrative authorities.

5.3.8 Housekeeping

Salient features of the practices to be adopted are as follows:

• Mechanized cleaning of roads and floor area inside the plant premises by using road

sweeper and mobile vacuum cleaner on regular basis;

• Training on regular basis to all workers and staff about the importance of cleanliness;

• Careful garbage transportation to dumping site and disinfection of transport vehicles

body;

• Decorative plantation to improve aesthetics of the plant; and

• Construction of suitably designed drains all along the roads and boundary of the

plant premises.

5.3.9 Occupational Health & Safety

During cement manufacturing, dust causes the main health hazard. Other health

hazards are due to gas cutting, welding, noise and high temperature and micro ambient

conditions especially near the furnace doors and platforms which may lead to adverse



effects (Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stress reaction) leading to local and

systemic disorders. Injuries in cement industries are usually of minor natures like

bruises, cuts, and abrasion because of manual handling. However, serious accidents

due to common reasons like fall from height and entrapment of limbs in machinery are

possible.

The precautionary measures which shall be followed to reduce the risk due to dust on

the workers engaged in and around the material handling areas are:

• Adequate arrangements are made for preventing the generation of dust by providing

the chutes at transfer points to reduce the falling height of material, preventing

spillage of material by maintaining the handling equipment, isolating the high dust

generating areas by enclosing them in appropriate housing and appropriately

dedusting through high efficiency bag filters;

• Due care shall be taken to maintain continuous water supply in the water spraying

system and all efforts would be made to suppress the dust generated by coal

handling system by water spraying at appropriate points;

• Almost all material handling systems are automatic i.e. unmanned. The workers

engaged in material handling system shall be provided with personal protective

equipment like dust masks, respirators, helmets, face shields etc;

• All workers engaged in material handling system shall be regularly examined for lung

diseases;

• Any worker found to develop symptoms of dust related diseases shall be changed

over to other jobs in cleaner areas; and

• Thermal insulation is being provided wherever necessary to minimize heat radiation

from the equipment, piping, etc. to ensure protection of workers. Insulation is being

done by adequate cleats, wire nets, jackets etc. to avoid loosening. Insulation

thickness is so selected that the covering jacket surface temperature does not

exceed the surrounding ambient temperature by more than 15oC. The effect of

thermal pollution of air will be negligible considering the atmosphere as the ultimate

heat sink and no other industry being located in the vicinity.

5.3.10 Measures to Improve Socio-Economic Conditions



In addition to payment of additional royalty, sales tax and excise duty to the

Government, CMCL shall continue its efforts to improve the socio-economic status of the

local habitants. Preference shall be given to locals for any direct and indirect

employment based on the availability of skills as required.

CMCL will also create infrastructural facilities like school, hospital, bank, Post Office,

Community Center in due course of time, which shall be extended to locals also to the

possible extent.

5.3.11 Land use Management The total land area available is 35 hectares. The land use for various operations is given

below.

Table 5.4 Land Use Plan

Land Use Type Area in Hectares Operational Area 8.0 Roads 3.0 Greenbelt 11.6 Storage of Raw material 12.6 Total Land 35.0

5.3.12 Green Belt Development The total area acquired for plant premises and township is 35 Hect. out of which 11.6

hect shall be made available for green belt development. The greenbelt will be

developed both at plant premises and at township.

CMCL shall develop a nursery to raise plant saplings in the township. The saplings shall

be raised in 1 kg plastic bags. The plastic bags shall be filled with equal proportion of red

soil, sand and manure. The seeds shall be implanted in the prepared seedling bags. The

sapling shall be kept under partly shaded atmosphere and periodically (alternate days)

watered by hand sprinklers. A minimum of 3 months period shall be given for the sapling

to grow in size for transplanting. Care and management of saplings shall be carried out

by engaging contractors.



Tree/ shrub sapling planting and nourishing shall be carried out by employing

contractors. As per contract clause, 98% survival rate of sapling shall be ensured. A

2’x2’x2’ pit shall be dug and filled with equal ratio of red soil, sand and manure. Soil

nutrition level shall be supplemented by the use of Asospyrillum (a bionutrient

supplement). Tree saplings shall be watered and deweeded at least for four to five years

till the saplings grow adequately and survive on their own.

The preferred species shall be evergreen with large leaf and crown surface area,

tolerant to air pollution, quick growing and round/spreading in shape. Preference shall be

given to locally available species. The preferred species proposed to be planted as

recommended by Central Pollution Control Board in its Guidelines For Developing

Greenbelts (March 2000) in NE hills of Eastern Himalayan Region.

Table 5.5

SPECIES PREFERRED TO BE PLANTED

S. no. Botanical Name Common Name Height (m) Crown Shape Trees 1. Alstonia scholaris Devil tree 15 Round 2. Azadirachta indica Neemm 20 Spreading 3. Buchanania lanzan Achar 13 Round 4. Cassia pumila Yellow Cassia 10-12 Round 5. Citrus aurantium Limu 5 Round/oblong 6. Cordia dichotoma Chota losora 10 Round/oblong 7. Dalbergia sisoo Shisham 10 Round 8. Derris indica Karanja 10 Round 9. Sapildus emarginatus Haithaguti - Assam 10 Round/oblong 10. Saraca asoka Ashok 5 Spreading 11. Syzygium cumini Jaman 20 Oblong/Spreading 12. Trema orientalis Gio 6 Round/Oblong Shrubs 1. Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea 8 Oblong/Round 2. Calotropis gigantea Akand - Bengali 5 Oblong/Round 3. Calotropis procera Akada 6 Oblong/Round 4. Carissa spinarum Karaunda 3 Round 5. Clerodendrum infortunatum Bhant 3-4 Round 6. Grewia subinequalis Phalsa 7 Round 7. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jasum 3 Round/Oblong 8. Ixora chinensis --- 6 Oblong 9. Lantana camara Lantana 3 Spreading 10. Lawsonia inermis Mehndi 5 Round 11. Murraya paniculata Marchula 5 Round 12. Nerium indicum Kaner 5 Oblong/Round



13. Thevetia peruviana Pila Kaner 6 Round/ Oblong

However, services of professional expert of horticulture shall be hired for design and

development of green belt in township as well as in plant premises on regular basis.

5.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The objectives of Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for the ongoing project are:

• To ensure safety of people, protect the environment and safeguard commercial

considerations;

• To response immediately to emergency incidents with effective communication

network and organized procedures;

• To obtain early warning of emergency conditions so as to prevent on personnel,

assets and environment; and

• To safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life by:

Protecting personnel from hazard; and

Evacuating personnel from an installation whenever necessary and minimize the

impact of the event on the installation and the environment by:

o Minimizing the hazard as possible;

o Minimizing the potential for escalation; and

o Containing the release, if any.

This document is prepared keeping in view and to conform to the requirements of the

provisions of The Factories Act, 1948 under section 41 B (4) and guidelines issued by

the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and Manufacture, Import and

Storage of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 2000, Schedule 11 under Environmental

Protection Act, 1986.

Flammable Materials Used The details of flammable materials to be used are given in Table 5.2.

Table 5.6



DETAILS OF FLAMMABLE MATERIALS

S.No Fuel Daily Consumption (TPD)

Calorific value (Kcals/kg)

% Ash

% Sulphur

1 HSD 1000 10000 Nil 0.25 2 Coal 180 7300 6.5 5.4

Petroleum Product The details of storage of petroleum products proposed to be used are given in Table 5.3:

Table 5.7

DETAILS OF STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

S.No Petroleum Product

Maximum Storage Capacity

Type and Number of Tanks

Dimension of Tank

1 HSD 20000 ltr Steel tank - one 2.4 m. Ø and 4.44 m length

2 Sludge oil 1000 ltr Barrels - five 200 ltrs capacity each

According to The Petroleum Act, 1934, Petroleum (any liquid hydrocarbons or mixture of

hydrocarbons, an inflammable mixture containing any liquid hydrocarbon) are classified

as given below:

• Petroleum class “A” Petroleum having flash point below 23o C.

• Petroleum class “B” Petroleum, having flash point of 23oC and above

but below 65o C.

• Petroleum Class “C” Petroleum having flash point of 65oC and

above but below 93o C.

5.4.1 Identification of Hazard & Preventive/Controlling Measures Coal stored in the pits: Piece-coal (lump coal) stores in silos or in the open may, on the coincidence of certain

unfavourable conditions, be liable to spontaneous ignition and may cause fire. To avoid

risk of fire, coal dust shall be stored in air-tight closed silos or bins, because of

unfavorable conditions which may cause spontaneous ignition for reasons similar to

those applying to piece-coal. In coal dust, oxidation proceeds on a higher rate than in



piece coal so coal dust should not be stored for a longer period than necessary.

Furthermore, care must be taken not to introduce oil or grease into the coal dust. During

shutdowns, which shall be for only short periods, an advisable precaution will be to

reduce quantity in the container to bare minimum required for next light up. Due to

average lower temperature in the region spontaneous ignition of coal in open stockyard

is not expected

Coal stored while firing: When pulverized coal is fired in kiln through burner at burner platform, chances of

explosion or backfire cannot be ruled out.

The following measures shall be adopted to prevent/control hazards associate with coal

handling during operation:

• Adequate number of DCP & CO2 fire extinguishers shall be provided in all vantage

points in the plant;

• All apparatus and conveying lines coming in to contact with pulverized coal shall be

earthed to avoid electrostatic charging;

• Regular monitoring of temperature in the bins;

• Storing limestone dust and sand near bins;

• Provision of pressurized water hydrant;

• Presence of an active safety committee which meets once in a month;

• Provision of security personnel round the clock;

• Provision of flow of water into the coal pit to cool down the temperature; and

• Small coal heaps shall be maintained in coal pit.

Petroleum products: Since fuel oil is a combustible liquid, so most likely hazards is the fire hazard.

The following measures shall be adopted to prevent/control hazards associate with fuel

oil handling:

• Oil carrying pipes shall be properly insulated with standard hose pipe connections;

• Pumping stations shall be located away from the tanks;

• Provision of well laid out Fire Hydrant System comprising of a water pipeline

network, adequate number of hydrants and monitor points for fire fighting



• Provision of static water reservoir;

• Adequate number of DCP and CO2 Fire extinguishers shall be provided at all

vantage points in the plant;

• Provision of electrical & hand operated sirens at convenient location inside the plant;

• Adequate number of breathers shall be provided at the top of storage tanks;

• Adequate earthing and bonding shall be provided in all storage tanks, handling

machinery and structures, electrical motors;

• Flame-proof electrical fittings shall be provided in storage area;

• Presence of an active safety committee which meets once in a month;

• The surrounding area of the tank & plant shall be always kept clear;

• Standard hose pipe connects shall be always maintained;

• Only authorized persons shall be allowed inside storage area;

• Good Housekeeping shall be strictly maintained;

• No weeds, grass and combustible material in and around the fenced area;

• Adequate lighting in the workplace;

• Use of non-sparking tools and also the right tools for maintenance job

• NO SMOKING signs displayed;

• FIRE SUB-STATION shall be equipped with all accessories such as fire

extinguishers, fire hoses, water tank, one diesel operated fire fighting pump at the oil

storage tank area;

• Free access to hydrant point;

• Mock drills shall be conducted periodically;

• Provision of Security Personnel round the clock at the storage area;

• Leakage of oil shall be prevented and leaked oil if any shall be regularly cleaned by

using saw dust and sand; and

• Oil leakage during oil unloading shall be collected in a pit and transferred to storage

tanks back by pumping.

Specific Hazards

• Pool fire may occur due to accumulation of oil in the oil pit/oil drains. Sand bath

shall be provided at the vulnerable points and adequate number of DCP and CO2

fire extinguishers shall be provided at all vantage points;



• Tank fire may occur due to a) Thunder stroke, b) Short circuit and c) Over

pressurization. Following preventive/ controlling measures shall be put in place:

a) Lightning arrestors shall be provided to the tanks;

b) Flame-proof electrical fittings shall be provided in the storage area;

c) Proper earthing and bonding shall be provided in all storage tanks, handling

machinery and structure, electrical motors; and

d) In case of fire, effort shall be made to shut off all the operation and fire is to

be extinguished under controlled condition.

• DG bursting of gland followed with fire. Effort should be made to shut off source of

fuel and the fire shall be extinguished under controlled condition.

5.4.2 Main Component of the On-Site Disaster Management Plan

Disaster Management Plan does not cover the natural disaster and sabotage activities.

However, duties and responsibilities given in this DMP may be followed to deal with

emergencies, arising out of natural disasters and subrogate activities. The main

components of disaster management plan are as follows:

Emergency Response Organization

Following officers of the plant will be responsible for coordination, in case of emergency

situation in any section of the cement plant:

• Head of Project at Site : Site Controller

• Head-Operation (HOD) : Incident Controller

• Employee who give the first information

about the incident/ accident

: Primary Controller

• Head-Personnel : Liaison Officer

• In-Charge of Security Personnel : Emergency/ Communication Officer

• Medical Officer



Responsibility of Key Personnel Site Controller Head of the Project at site or his deputy will assume overall responsibility. As soon as he

is informed of the emergency, he shall proceed to the Emergency Control Center (ECC)

and his duties shall be:

• To assess the magnitude of the incident and decide if employees need to be

evacuated from assembly points;

• To maintain continuous review of possible development and to assess in

consultation with Incident Controller as to whether the shutting down the plant or part

of plant and evacuation of person is required;

• To exercise direct operational control over the areas other than affected;

• To give necessary instructions to Liaison officer and Emergency officer regarding the

help to be obtained from out side agencies like fire brigade, police and medical;

• To advice liaison officer to pass necessary information about the incident to news

media and ensure that the evidences are preserved for inquiries to be conducted by

statutory authorities;

• To liaison with senior officials of Police, Fire, Medical, MSPCB and Factory

Inspectorate; and

• To issue authorized statement to news media.

In Case of Accident During the time of any accident or emergency condition, the person present at site shall

has to inform the Shift In-Charge immediately which shall be followed by:

• Shift In-Charge will inform to respective Department Head, Time Office and Security

Personnel;

• According to the seriousness of the accident, the Department Head will arrange duty

doctors, ambulance and inform the personnel department;

• The department head will immediately report to spot and collect the cause of

accident;

• The department head will make a final report;



• The cause of accident shall be analyzed and rehabilitation measure shall be

implemented; and

• The workmen shall be advised to do the work with more safety measures.

Emergency Shutdown Procedure If necessary, full or partial shut down of the plant shall be followed under the judgment of

the Incident Controller or the Site controller. On hearing the emergency siren/message

over phone, the following procedure will be followed to shutdown the plant.

• The operation/ maintenance department will stop incoming and outgoing petroleum

product supply or coal supply;

• If the unloading of petroleum products/ Coal is in progress that will be stopped and

vehicle/tanker will be sent out of the area;

• Head (Operations) will stop all the production/ maintenance activity if necessary;

• Loading of cement will be stopped and the vehicles will be sent out; and

• The individuals designated for the emergency preparedness will carry out the work

as assigned to him as per the checklist.

Medical Facility Available at CMCL: The focus of medical facilities shall be to:

• Equip the hospital/ health center with necessary equipment/ medicines;

• To keep the blood group record of all the employees;

• To train the Doctors for handling emergency situation/ casualties;

• To keep liaison with city hospitals and other hospitals in the area; and

• To keep the list of the blood donors ready.

Keeping in view the above requirement, CMCL shall have full fledged Dispensary at the

Plant. Full time doctor, Nurses, paramedical staff, laboratory staff and attendants shall

be employed. Ambulance facility is also proposed to be provided.

Post Emergency Activities Post emergency activities comprise of steps taken after the emergency is over so as to

establish the reasons of the causation of the emergency and preventive measures. The

steps involved are:



• Collection of records;

• Conducting inquiry and concluding preventive measures;

• Making insurance claims;

• Preparation of inquiry reports with recommendations;

• Rehabilitate the affected persons within the plant and outside the plant; and

• To restart the plant.

Off – Site Emergency Plan As per identified hazards, the possibility of “offsite” emergency situation are ruled out, as

CMCL is not likely to pose any off site emergency. Hence this plant does not call for any

preparation of an off site emergency plan. However, considering extreme situation,

District Authorities including police will be informed about any “Off-Site” emergency

situation that arises. 5.4.3 Environmental Management Cell

CMCL shall have a department consisting of officers from various disciplines

to co-ordinate the activities concerned with the management and

implementation of the environmental control measures. The organization and

responsibility of the Environmental Management Cell is presented below:

Dy.Manager (Process)

Chief General Manager (Works)

Mech.Engineer

Elect.Engineer

Instr.Engineer

JuniorEngineer Foreman

Part Time

Dy.Manager (Process)

Chief General Manager (Works)

Mech.Engineer

Elect.Engineer

Instr.Engineer

JuniorEngineer Foreman

Part Time



Basically, this department shall undertake monitoring of the environmental pollution

levels by measuring stack emissions, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality,

noise level etc., initially by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case,

the monitored results of environmental pollution shall be found to exceed the allowable

values, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and gets these

suggestions implemented through the concerned plant authorities.

The Environmental Management Cell shall also co-ordinate all the related activities such

as collection of statistics w.r.t health of workers and population of the region,

afforestation and green belt development.

To achieve the objective of pollution control, it is essential not only to provide best

pollution control system but also to provide trained manpower resources to operate the

same. Training facilities would be placed for environmental control. This training shall

cover the items listed below:

Awareness of pollution control and environmental protection;

Operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment;

Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures; and

Occupational health and safety.

5.4.4 Environment Monitoring

On line dust emission monitors with trending facility are proposed for the major stacks

attached to Kiln, Coal mill, Cooler and Cement mill and the Stack emission monitoring

data will be interlocked with the main equipment with suitable alarm and tripping

provisions. Also, as a secondary step in ensuring a clean environment, it is necessary to

have a comprehensive monitoring programme, which continuously assesses the various

environmental aspects and sets guidelines with regard to measures.

For testing and monitoring requirement as statuary requirements, CMCL shall initially

hire the services of laboratory either of MSPCB or external laboratory recognized by

MSPCB. At later stage, CMCL shall develop in house facilities to monitor ambient air

quality inside the plant premises and emission from stacks on regular basis. CMCL shall



keep the records of pollution levels emitted from the operation on continuous basis as

per details given in Table 5.4.

Table 5.8 : Proposed Environmental Monitoring Schedule

Parameter Frequency Agency Location

Ambient Air Quality around the Plant Premises:

SPM & RSPM Twice in a

week

External

Company’s

laboratory

3 locations near

the plant

boundary

Stack Monitoring

SPM, SO2, NOx Once in a

month

Company’s

laboratory

All stacks

Noise level

Noise level in dB(A) Once in

three months

Company’s

laboratory

Inside and at

plant premises

Waste Water Quality

pH, TSS, BOD, Oil & grease,

COD & Colour in case of STP

Inlet & outlet

pH, TSS & BOD in case of

STP

Once in a

month

External &

Company’s

laboratory Inlet & outlet

In addition to above:

• Detailed analysis of treated wastewater shall be carried out for the parameters as

specified in Schedule II by MOEF to assess its suitability for greenbelt development

once in three months; and

• Detailed analysis of sludge from the STP shall also be carried out once in a year for

their suitability to be used as manure.


Table No.5.9: COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR RISK ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE HAZARDS

S.No. Operation process Equipment /areas Possible Hazards Precautionary measures Measures to be taken if any

hazard occurs.

1

Charging of materials into preheaters and moving parts, other accessories.

Cutt may be possible.

1. Workers are provided with gloves & proper equipment to handle and feed the scrap. 2. Only trained and qualified people will operate the furnace.

1. If any worker is hurt /burnt in plant, immediate first aid should be given to the victim by trained person and refer to the doctor/ hospital for further treatment. 2. Inform the In-charge Officer present in that shift. 3. Information should be given to the Director/CIF.

2 Rotary Kiln

Fire hazard caused by flames. Burns may be possible if directly coming in contact.

1. Sufficient clearance should be provided from kiln to gangway. 2. Emergency kit is kept ready nearer to the furnace. 3. Hydrant systems provided at conspicuous places. 4. Water hose is provided. 5. Furnace operator’s staff and labours are trained to fight fire.

1. Water hose will be operated to set out the fire. 2. Emergency alarm to be put on to signal the accident. 3. First aid shall be rushed to the site by the security staff.. Immediate First Aid should be given to the victims and sent to hospital for further treatment 4. Inform the manager / Director present in the factory. .


Continued..

S.No. Operation process Equipment /areas Possible Hazardous Precautionary measures Measures to be taken if any

hazard occurs.

3 Various sections of Cement Plant

In case of leak from the cement plant causing splash of dust

1. Continuous monitoring of rollers of cement mill and maintaining properly. 2. Movement of labour is not permitted inside 3. Noise zone sign displayed near the cement plant 4. Safety shoes, safety goggles, hand gloves, nose masks and safety helmet provided to workers.

1. Immediately drain out the furnace by pouring or tapping out. 2. Molten Slashed Metal is allowed to cool down before removing. 3. Further process is stopped till repairs are conducted. ln case of fire fighting equipments are used to set out the fire.

4 Wastewater treatment system

Drowning of personnel is possible

A. Cooling pond/ water tank should be fenced or covered. B. Must not be permitted for using the tank/pond for general utility.

Drowned person should immediately be given first aid.


continued.. S.No. Operation process

Equipment /areas Possible Hazardous Precautionary measures Measures to be taken if any hazard occurs.

8 Control Rooms Electrical Shock possible due to leakage. Earth leakage circuit breaker is installed. In an event of electric leakage main supply

should be immediately shut off.

9

Welding Gas Oxygen LPG and /Acetylene cylinders at Workshop area

Fire hazards caused by flames and leakage.

1. Emergency kit is kept readily available in store and working place. 2. Fire fighting equipments powder / Foam type extinguishers on vehicle and mounting on walls are kept readily available. 3. Hydrant system provided at conspicuous place. 4. Fire fighting trained man is employed. 5. Cylinders are handled carefully without dropping or rolling. 6. Precaution to ensure that cylinders are not allowed to dash with each other. 7. Sand bed cushion available for the purpose of unloading cylinders. 8. Periodic inspection done to avoid accident of any kind.

1 Installation of inert gas Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide. Equipments to take care of fire hazards in the factory are being installed. 2. Hydrant point will be for gas cylinders stores and point where welding operation is done.

10 Belt and Bucker Conveyor System

Hoist Rope Breakage possible.

1. No movement of outside people in conveyor bay will be permitted. 2. The Shift In-charge shall do frequent check of the system regularly.

1. Weak rope and week belts shall immediately be replaced. 2 The conveyor movements are carried out only after getting the clearance.

Electrical power (B) Shock proof insulated PCC Platform. Cut off the power supply, treat the injured for electrical shock 11 Electrical transformer

Fire (A) Fire fighting equipment (i) Sand buckets. (ii) Fire extinguisher.

Immediately fight fire with available resources, summon outside help if necessary.


Continued.. S.No. Operation process

Equipment /areas Possible Hazardous Precautionary measures Measures to be taken if any hazard occurs.

12 Diesel Oil (HSD) storage.

Fire hazard may be possible if directly comes in contact.

1. Fire proof system made available and fighting equipment like Foam, extinguishers and hydrant system, etc., are kept.

Proper care is to be taken while storing and keeping the oil drums.

13 Lab Chemicals

In case of bottle breakage, causes burns and damage to respirator systems due to inhalation.

1. Proper care should be taken while handling the chemicals. 2. First Aid Box should be available at Site with all necessary and required medicines. 3. Fire fighting equipment like Extinguishers, sand buckets should be available always.

Instruction Boards to be displaced for knowledge of other workers to take care of the situation in the event of occurrence.


S.No MoEF-TOR Point Compliance status 1 Hydrogeological Environmenta Information and data on hydrogeology and geology of the project area and

preparation of hydro-morphological map of the project areaBaseline Environment, 3.2,1 & Fig 3.0 and 3.0a

b Study of geomorphological features of the project area analyzing relief, slope and drainage pattern. Preparation of suitable drainage map of the project area. Please add a note on changes that could have occurred in drainage pattern afterthe project has

Baseline Environment, 3.2.1,3.2.2 & Figs 3.0a, 3.0b & 3.0c

c Map of major and minor fracture zones in the project area. Baseline Environment, Fig. 3.0ad Preparation of watershed and sub-watershed boundary map within the project

area.Baseline Environment, Fig. 3.0b

e Study on availability of ground water in the area. Please add a note on change in availability of ground water after initiation of the project till date.

Baseline Environment, 3.2.1 , 3.2.2 . & 3.6.2

f Deteremine hydrogeological cycle and water budget of the area. Please add a note on change in the water budget since the initiation of the project till date.

Baseline Environment, 3.2.1 3.2.2 & 3.6.2

g Estimation of peak rate of run off (through Rational Method or Curve Number Method) from the core project area. Predict the volume of runoff from the core project area in to nearby streamsthrough derivation of rain-fall relationship.

Baseline Environment, 3.6.2

h Impact on the catchment, watershed areas and water course running in the project area.

Impact Assessment, 4.4.5, 4.4.6

i Impact on local aquefers contiguous to the project site. Please add a note on theimpact on the local aquefers on account of existing aquefers.

Impact Assessment, 4.4.6

j Impact on ground water quality and relating to permeability in the area and location of major fracture zones.


2 Soil Environmenta Determine physico-chemical characteristics of soil: Texture, porosity, WHC, pH,

SOC, TKN, P, S, Ca, K, Mn, Mg and Fe. Soil Analysis shall be done once only during the winter season. At least three sites each for buffer and core area to be taken.

Baseline Environment, Table 3.20

b Permeability rate in different soil horizons Baseline Environment, Table 3.7.2c Analysis of impact of the project on soil. Baseline Environment 4.4.8 & table 4.13 Air Environmenta Micrometeorology: Collect micrometeorological data with respect to hourly wind

velocity and wind direction, relative humidity, ambient air temperature, cloud cover, and daily rainfall data. The corresponding frequency distribution of wind behaviour with w

Baseline Environment, 3.3.1 and Figures 3.1 to 3.

b Baseline ambient air quality : SPM, RPM, SO2, Nox, && CO atleast 4 locations. Data to be collected for 24 hours, twice a week atr each location for 16 weeks spread over four seasons covering both core zone and buffer zone. Please include the baseline data

Table 3.4 to 3,13

c Prepare inventory of point and area sources. Impact Assessment, Table 4.4d Evaluate cumulative effect of point and area sources using appropriate model in

preliminary estimation and Gaussian Plume Model in subsequent analysis to establish source and receptor relationship.


e Quantify emission from all existing sources in the project area. Impact Assessment, Table 4.4, 4.10 & 4.13f Quantitative prediction of air pollutants in the form of incremental ground level

concentration (GLC) to be done by Air Quality Prediction Modelling Software Impact Assessment, Table 4.5

g Calculate maximum resultant GLC at identified locations taking in to consideration background GLC and predominant wind direction.

Impact Assessment 4.4.3 & Table 4.5

h Estimate comprehensively the damages that have already occurred in the core and buffer zone due to air pollutants in the area by taking help of air quality data prior to setting up of the industry.

Impact Assessment, Table 4.5, Fig.4.1

i Analysis of the current transportation arrangements and predict the impact of the vehicular emissions due to enhanced transportation.

Impact Assessment, 4.4.4 & table 4.7

4 Noise Environmenta Assessment of present and projected noise levels in the project area. Baseline Environment, 3.5 and tables 3.15 &

4.9b Identification of source of noise. Impact Assessment, 4.4.7c Prediction and evaluation of noise levels, their duration and diurnal variation if

any.Baseline Environment, 3.5.1

Compliance to TOR raised by the MoEF

S.No MoEF-TOR Point Compliance status


d Identification of high noise level zones along with their duartion and suggestions for mitigation measures. Please add a note on success or failure of the project after the initiation of the project.

Impact Assessment,5.3.2. Table 4.9

e Monitor noise levels on hourly basis 24 hr cycle, twice a week for 16 weeks spread over four seasons. Prepare table of C-Weighted peak levels in db(pKC) and equivalent continuous sound levels (Leq) in dBA.


5 Water Environmenta Identify sources of water bodies including steams and bore wells in the project

area.Project Description, 2.6.1

b Identify present and future designated use of water including impact of the project on the water availability of different users.

Project Description, 2..6.1

c Identify sources of water pollution from the project activities. Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.4 , 4.4.5 & 4.4.6d Assess surface water and ground water quality with respect to parameters

prescribed by CPCB. Please add a note on change in quality parameters since the initiation of the project.


e Prepare water budget for the area. Baseline Environment, 3.6f Details of Water Treatment Plant and Sewage Treatm,ent Plant installed or to be

installed/ capacity enhanced in the project area.Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.5 & 5.3.6

6 Land Environmenta Assess existing land use pattern and provide a detailed land use map of the

project area.Baseline Environment, 3.40 7 Table 3.30

b Preparation of Digital Elevation Model of the core project area in 1:10,000 scale to enable topographic/terrian analysis

Under Process

c Estimation of total limestone reserves in the project area with map showing the extent and locations. Determionation of the quantity of the limestone that could be sustainably extracted from the project area without altering the delicate geological balanc

Project Description, 2.4.2

d Prepare an inventory of wastes and waste disposal sites and plan for recycle or reuse of the same. Please add a note on measures that have already been takensince the project has become operational.

Environmental Management Plan, Table 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

e Impacts of the project on land use and related activities. Impact Assessment, Table 4.1 & 4.14f Indicate the presence of National Parks, Wildlife Sancturies, Reserve Forests,

Archaelogical monuments and limestone cave network in the vicinity of the project area ( within a radius of 25 km) and the impact of the proposed project on them.

Introduction, Table 1.1

7 Biological and Ecological Environmenta Vegetation: Describe the vegetation type and their characteristics existing forest

cover.Baseline Environment, 3.8

b Information on flora: comprehensive list of plants found in the area including lower plants and microflora arranged under different taxonomic groups, their uses, density of trees, shrubs and herbs, estimation of volume of wood present in tree component

Baseline Environment, Table 3.21-3.22

c Information on Fauna: birds, reptiles, fish, and mammal grouped according to classes. Migratory routes of animals and precautionary measures to be taken, flight pattern of the migratory birds.

Baseline Environment, 3.8

d Aquatic flora and fauna: Density and diversity of aquatic flora and fauna includingphytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic communities.


e Threatened categories of species: Identification of threatened categories of species of flora and fauna indicating their status.


f Impact of the project activities on the biodiversity in general. Impact Assessment, 4.4.9g Possible impact of the project on the existing forest in the project area. Impact Assessment, 4.4.9h A note on increase or decrease in flora after the initiation of the project. Impact Assessment, 4.4.98 GIS-Remote sensing a GIS Remote sensing tool shall be employed for analyzing the impact of project

on existing forest cover, water bodies and settlement areas. The analysis should be performed/ authenticated by an appropriate Government Organization.

Under Process

9 Socioeconomic Environmenta Collection of secondary data on village wise population, sex ratio, literacy,

occupational structure, number of households and percentage of main workers and non-workers.


b Collection of primary information on social amenities infrastructure facilities in the study area.


c Assessment of impact on the sociao economic environment. Baseline Environment, 3.9

S.No MoEF-TOR Point Compliance status


d Activities to be undertaken under corporate social and environmental responsibility. Please furnish details of activities that have been undertaken so faas per the EIA of the existing project. In case of failure to meet the responsibility, what additional measures are being considered

Environmental Management Plan, 5..1

10 Issues to be addressed in Environmental Management Plan a Detaile of procurement of latest plant machineries well equipped with pollution

control measures alongwith detailes of all polltion control equipments with their working efficiency. Please furnish details of existing plant machineries and their efficiency

Project Description, 2.5

b Environmental Management Plan during construction phase. Environmental Management Plan, 5.1c Analysis of optimum use resources in the form of raw material, water, fuel,

energy, process optimization for more production and less waste generation, preventive maintenance to minimize leakage and spillage and waste utilization plan.

Environmental Management Plan, 5.2

d Detailes of EMP at operational stage covering full details relating to solid waste disposal.

Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.3 & 5.3.7

e A detailed note on air pollution control measures at different emission points with respect to air quality management.

Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.1

f Analysis of design aspects, collection efficiency and emission norms from the attached stacks of Air Pollution Control Equipments (APC)

Impact Assessment, Table 4.4

g Discussions on management and disposal of solid waste and effluents generated from these APC equipments. Please add a note on the current practices being followed at the existing project.


h Fugitive dust emissions from the different storage and transfer points and the haula road emissions and their detailed control aspects.


i Water management plan for most efficient use of fresh water. Project Description, Table 2 .7j Wastewater management dealing with treatment methodologies and recycling

/reuse of treated wastewater. Comprehensive wastewater management plan to achieve zero discharge norms.

Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.4 to 5.3.6

k Creation of water harvesting ponds Environmental Management Plan, 5.2.6l Details of solid waste inventorization, their characterization and their usage Environmental Management Plan, 5.2.7

m Steps taken towards non-generation of process hazardous wastes. Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.1n Noise control devices with different equipments at design stage, protective

measures at work zone sites and supply of protective gears to affected personnel.


o Rehabilitation measures for threatened categories of plants and animals. Please include information on rehabilitation measures that have been already adopted.

Not applicable as the exapansion will be done in non-agriculture and non-forest land

p Detailes of comprehensive plantation program covering allocation area, fund allocation, selection of species and contingency plan. Please include a note on the success or failure of plantation program undertaken so far.


q Details of peripheral development plan that would include development in infrastructure, health, education and social cultural aspects. Please furnish details of development plan already put into use.


r Details of EMP Cell with respect to monitoring laboratory, equipments, technical manpower including their educational qualifications and experience in operating the installed facilities and fund allocation.


s Details of monitoring program with respect to pollutant parameters and monitoring schedule and reporting as per statutory requirements.


t Safety and disaster management plan with onsite emergency plan to deal with accidents.

Environmental Management Plan, 5.4

u Computation of Total Impact Score taking in to consideration environmental degradation due to project implementation and consequent environmentqal management plan followed by post project benefits.

Impact Assessment, Table 4.14

v Delineation of Management Plan in relation to Air Pollution Accoustic Environment, Water Pollution, Land Environment and Biological Environment.

Environmental Management Plan

ANNEXURE 1

Date Rain fall Rain fall Temperature C Humidity %daily mm Month mm Min 0C Max 0C Min% Max %

January, 20071.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 21.0 61.0 89.02.01.07 Nil Nil 7.8 20.5 53.6 89.03.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 20.5 60 89.04.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 21 56 89.05.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 23.1 52.4 89.06.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 24.9 45.3 89.07.01.07 Nil Nil 8.5 23.4 51.5 89.08.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 24.3 51.0 89.09.01.07 Nil Nil 6.1 23.2 48.9 89.010.01.07 Nil Nil 7.0 22.9 48.5 89.011.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 23 42.8 89.012.01.07 Nil Nil 8.4 23.1 42.4 89.013.01.07 Nil Nil 8.5 21.2 51.7 89.014.01.07 Nil Nil 7.4 21.4 40.3 88.015.01.07 Nil Nil 4.2 20.4 33.7 88.016.01.07 Nil Nil 3.4 20.9 37.0 88.017.01.07 Nil Nil 4.5 23.5 27.2 88.018.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 22.9 33.0 88.019.01.07 Nil Nil 5.0 20.7 42.5 88.020.01.07 Nil Nil 7.6 21.4 43.8 88.021.01.07 Nil Nil 7.6 20.3 45.0 88.022.01.07 Nil Nil 7.2 21.7 44.6 88.023.01.07 Nil Nil 6.5 22.9 37.7 88.024.01.07 Nil Nil 8.5 25.9 35.0 88.025.01.07 Nil Nil 6.5 25.4 36.7 88.026.01.07 Nil Nil 7.4 25.3 38.7 88.027.01.07 Nil Nil 8.4 26.4 37.5 88.028.01.07 Nil Nil 8.6 27.7 39.0 88.029.01.07 Nil Nil 12.8 23.8 43.6 89.030.01.07 Nil Nil 10.8 25.7 50.9 89.031.01.07 Nil Nil 10.6 26.2 49.2 89.0

Site Specific Micro Meteorological Monitored Data

ANNEXURE 1



February, 2007 1.02.07 Nil Nil 11.0 24.0 62.90 89.02.02.07 Nil Nil 13.0 25.9 42.40 89.03.02.07 45.0 45.0 10.5 25.3 43.80 89.04.02.07 11.0 56.0 13.5 18.7 79.00 89.05.02.07 27.5 83.5 13.0 20.8 66.70 89.06.02.07 Nil 83.5 14.0 21.7 70.00 89.07.02.07 Nil 83.5 13.5 23.3 63.00 89.08.02.07 Nil 83.5 12.5 23.9 57.40 89.09.02.07 Nil 83.5 10.5 26.1 50.00 89.010.02.07 Nil 83.5 11.0 28.0 33.00 89.011.02.07 Nil 83.5 10.9 27.4 43.00 89.012.02.07 Nil 83.5 11.5 19.8 69.20 89.013.02.07 52.0 135.5 10.0 23.6 56.60 89.014.02.07 32.5 168.0 14.0 18.1 84.80 89.015.02.07 Nil 168.0 13.5 19.5 65.00 89.016.02.07 Nil 168.0 7.50 19.3 55.00 89.017.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.40 21.6 49.70 89.018.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.00 22.3 42.80 89.019.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.50 23.5 37.10 88.020.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.40 24.9 42.00 89.021.02.07 Nil 168.0 9.40 26.9 38.00 89.022.02.07 Nil 168.0 9.50 27.5 36.90 89.023.02.07 Nil 168.0 10.2 27.4 38.10 89.024.02.07 Nil 168.0 10.5 27.4 40.90 89.025.02.07 Nil 168.0 11.5 28.4 42.00 89.026.02.07 Nil 168.0 13.9 25.0 50.00 89.027.02.07 Nil 168.0 11.0 25.9 44.20 89.028.02.07 Nil 168.0 11.5 26.8 45.00 89.0

ANNEXURE 1



March, 20071.03.07 Nil Nil 11.0 21.5 70.60 89.02.03.07 Nil Nil 12.5 20.6 63.50 89.03.03.07 Nil Nil 10.5 25.9 43.90 89.04.03.07 Nil Nil 10.5 27.5 40.70 89.05.03.07 Nil Nil 13.4 25.4 48.30 89.06.03.07 Nil Nil 10.5 26.3 36.90 89.07.03.07 Nil Nil 10 25.6 33.10 89.08.03.07 Nil Nil 8.9 26.4 34.50 89.09.03.07 Nil Nil 9.0 28.3 32.50 89.010.03.07 Nil Nil 11.5 28.4 34.00 89.011.03.07 Nil Nil 11.5 29.2 41.00 89.012.03.07 Nil Nil 12.9 30.9 37.90 89.013.03.07 Nil Nil 15.5 31.9 37.00 89.014.03.07 Nil Nil 16 28.4 51.00 89.015.03.07 Nil Nil 12.50 28.4 41.00 89.016.03.07 Nil Nil 13.90 25.7 30.10 89.017.03.07 Nil Nil 8.00 26.6 34.80 89.018.03.07 Nil Nil 10.50 30 33.70 88.019.03.07 32.5 32.5 11.20 30.3 36.00 89.020.03.07 3 35.5 12.00 32.9 33.00 89.021.03.07 Nil Nil 14.30 32.2 34.60 89.022.03.07 Nil Nil 16.1 26 61.10 89.023.03.07 Nil Nil 17.5 29.9 47.00 89.024.03.07 Nil Nil 19 29 47.00 89.025.03.07 Nil Nil 18.5 28.0 59.60 89.026.03.07 Nil Nil 16.5 26.7 52.30 89.027.03.07 Nil Nil 16 27.3 62.30 89.028.03.07 Nil Nil 16 33.3 43.9 89.029.03.07 Nil Nil 14 35.1 22.5 89.030.03.07 Nil Nil 13.4 30 38.00 85.031.03.07 Nil Nil 12.5 29.4 42.30 88.4

CMCL EIA EMP

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