Chapter 3 – 3 Sedimentary Rocks
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Transcript of Chapter 3 – 3 Sedimentary Rocks
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Chapter 3 – 3 Sedimentary Rocks
How do sedimentary rocks form?
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Sandstone is the most common form of sedimentary rock. Arches Park!
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Sediment – small solid pieces of material from rocks or living things.
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Erosion helps to create sediment. Water or wind loosens and carries away fragments
of rock.
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Deposition re-deposits sediment at the bottom of a lake or ocean where it
compacts and cements and changes to sedimentary rock!
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Compaction is that process that presses sediments together. Year after year, the weight
of the layers becomes greater and greater.
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Cementation is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of the sediment together into
sedimentary rock.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks include Clastic and Organic Rocks.
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Clastic rock forms when rock fragments are squeezed together. From tiny microscopic
particles to huge boulders.
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Shale is formed from tiny particles of clay. No cementation is needed to hold shale together.
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Sandstone is a clastic rock that forms from the sand on beaches, riverbeds and sand
dunes.
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Compaction and cementation of quartz material often leaves spaces for water to
seep in.
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Conglomerate and Breccia are sedimentary rocks containing a mixture of rock
fragments of different sizes.
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Conglomerate rocks have fragments of rock stuck in that have rounded edges.
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Breccia are sedimentary rocks that contain large fragments with sharp edges.
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Organic rock forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers. Coal & Limestone.
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Coal forms from the remains of layers and layers of swamp plants. Buried for millions
of years, they slowly change to coal.
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Limestone includes the remains of marine life. Coral, clams, oyster and snail shells contain
calcite, a mineral that with pressure and over time, forms limestone.
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Chalk is a very common form of limestone. Chalk is made from the skeletons of living
things.
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Chemical rocks form in nature when minerals dissolved in solution crystalize.
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Dry lake beds often have deposits of halite (salt), gypsum & tufa.
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Uses of sedimentary rock include building materials, cement, and iron ore
production.