Chapter 22: The Civil War What factors and events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?

Chapter 22: The Civil WarWhat factors and events influenced the outcome

of the Civil War?

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:

Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House

Chapter 22: The Civil WarWhat factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?

Key Content Terms

1. Confederacy

2. Emancipation Proclamation

3. Gettysburg Address

4. Civil War

5. Habeas Corpus

6. Appomattox Court House

Chapter 22 Preview/Discussion Questions1. How might real Civil War soldiers have felt marching off to war? Why?

2. How do you think civilians watching the parade might have felt? Why?

3. As the war progressed, how might key events and battles have affected or changed the way soldiers and civilians felt?

22.1: Read & record answers. Be prepared to discuss.

1. What did Southerners believe?

2. What was the new country called?

3. What did Stephen Douglass say about the choice that Americans had?

4. Who were the “middle” states?

22.1: Answers1. What did Southerners believe?

2. What was the new country called?

1. They believed that just as states voluntarily joined the Union they could voluntarily leave the union.

2. The new country was called the Confederate States of America.

22.1: Answers

3. What did Stephen Douglass say about the choice that Americans had?

4. Who were the “middle” states?

3. “There can be no neutrals in this war, only patriots or traitors.”

4. Confederate: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and N. Carolina. Union: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri.

*Western counties of Virginia formed W. Virginia as Union.

1861 Map

Learning Goals:

1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:



22.2: North vs. South. Read & complete the table.

Strengths Weaknesses

North 1. Larger population

2. 90% of the nation’s manufacturing

3. Controlled most banks

4. More farms for food for troops

5. Most of the nation’s iron, coal,

copper, and gold.

6. Controlled the seas

7. Extensive railroad lines to transport troops and supplies

8. Abraham Lincoln’s leadership

1. Lacked good military leadership

South 1. Excellent military leadership

2. Large territory made it difficult to invade and conquer

3. Southerners were defending their way of life.

1. The Confederacy could easily be split in two if the North took control of the Mississippi

2. Few factories to produce guns or other military supplies

3. Limited transportation for troops and supplies

22.2 ContinuedDiscuss and answer questions 2 and 3 in your groups.

2. Based on information in your matrix, predict which side you think was more likely to win the Civil War? Explain.

3. How did Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis each use the ideals of the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence to support their side’s cause?

Lincoln: In his first inaugural address, Lincoln said his goalwas to preserve the Union, a Union begun by the revolution and “matured and continued” by the Declaration of Independence.

Davis: In his inaugural address, Davis said the South was fighting for the same freedom that was asserted by the founders in the Declaration of Independence.

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.

2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:



22.3: Bull Run

Discussion Q: How effective do you think the North’s plan was?

What was the name of the Union plan for victory?

What were the three steps of this plan?

22.3: Bull Run

The Anaconda Plan:

Union plan for victory.

1. Surround south by sea and cut off supplies.

2. Divide South in two by controlling the Mississippi.

3. Capture Richmond, Virginia

Discussion Q: How effective do you think the North’s plan was?

22.3: Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

1. Who won the Battle of Bull Run?2. What role did Rose Greenhow play?3. What role did Jackson play?

22.3: Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

1. The South won the Battle of Bull Run.2. Rose Greenhow was a spy who warned the

Southern leaders of the Union plan to attack.3. “Stonewall” Jackson and his men refused to give

way to the Union attack and held “like a stonewall”.

• Huge victory for South.• Shocking blow for the North.

Bull Run Facts/Summary

• This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia.

• On July 16, 1861, the untried Union army under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell marched from Washington against the Confederate army, which was drawn up behind Bull Run beyond Centreville. On the 21st, McDowell crossed at Sudley Ford and attacked the Confederate left flank on Matthews Hill.

• Fighting raged throughout the day as Confederate forces were driven back to Henry Hill. Late in the afternoon, Confederate reinforcements extended and broke the Union right flank.

• The Federal retreat rapidly deteriorated into a rout. Thomas J. Jackson earned the nickname “Stonewall.”

• By July 22, the shattered Union army reached the safety of Washington.

Bull Run Battle Map

http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/bullrun.html

Bull Run Webpage and Video Links

Battle of Bull Run Video Link

http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/bullrun.html

http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/first-battle-of-bull-run

22.3 Five Roles for Women. Read and list at least 5 roles for women. Circle those you would have chosen.

1. Running farms or businesses.

2. Factory work.

3. Nurses

4. Teachers

5. Government Workers

6. Messengers.

7. Guides/Scouts

8. Smugglers.

9. Soldiers.

10. Spies

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?

3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:



22.4 #1: Antietam: A Bloody Affair

1. By the end of 1861, the Union had blocked most Southern ports.

2. In 1862, the Union navy captured New Orleans and General Grant won victories in Kentucky and Tennessee.

3. In 1862, the Union attempted to capture Richmond, but failed.

22.4 #2: AntietamThe single bloodiest day of the War.

• Huge loss of life on both sides.– Union

• 2,100 soldiers died.

• 10,300 Union wounded or missing.

--Confederate• 2,770 died.

• 11,000 wounded or missing.

Burnside’s Ridge.

22.4 #3: Antietam

1. Improved weapons made it easier to kill.

2. Doctors operated in poor conditions. Infections spread rapidly.

3. Unsanitary conditions in camps lead to a lot of deaths from disease.

Union hospital.

Antietam FactsThe Army of the Potomac, under the command of George McClellan, mounted a series of powerful assaults against Robert E. Lee’s forces near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862.

The morning assault and vicious Confederate counterattacks swept back and forth through Miller’s Cornfield and the West Woods.

Later, towards the center of the battlefield, Union assaults against the Sunken Road pierced the Confederate center after a terrible struggle.

Late in the day, the third and final major assault by the Union army pushed over a bullet-strewn stone bridge at Antietam Creek. Just as the Federal forces began to collapse the Confederate right, the timely arrival of A.P. Hill’s division from Harpers Ferry helped to drive the Army of the Potomac back once more.

The bloodiest single day in American military history ended in a draw, but the Confederate retreat gave Abraham Lincoln the “victory” he desired before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

Antietam Link and Video Linkhttp://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam.html

Battle of Antietam Video Link

http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam.html

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?

5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:



22.5: Gettysburg: A Turning PointReasons for E.P.

2. Freeing slaves would take away a large part of the South’s workforce.

1. Declaring an end to slavery would discourage European nations from helping the South.

1. NO slaves were immediately freed.

2. War becomes a crusade for freedom and living up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence.

If I can capture a Northern city, it might convince the North to give up!

Gettysburg was a disaster. 1/3 of my men were lost. We must retreat to Virginia.

Before Gettysburg

After Gettysburg

22.5 #3: Gettysburg

• Some Northerners were more interested in saving the Union than stopping slavery.

• Some Northerners were sympathetic to the Confederate cause.

• Lincoln sent troops to restore order when opposition turned violent. He even suspended the right of habeas corpus. In other words people could be jailed without a trial.

Gettysburg Video Links

The Battle of Gettysburg Video - American Civil War History - HISTORY.com

Gettysburg Animated Map and Video: MUST watch-really good.

Battle of Gettysburg Animated Map: Really Good

22.5 #4: Gettysburg“Dedicated to the proposition that all mean are created equal”

Lincoln wanted Americans to rededicate themselves to the ideals of liberty and equality in the Declaration so that soldiers killed at Gettysburg would have died for a worthy cause.

Gettysburg Address Speech Reenactment

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?•How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:



22.6 #1: Vicksburg

Technological Firsts of the Civil War.

RR were used to transport supplies and troops.

Telegraphs were used to communicate with distant armies

Photographs were used to record events.

Iron clad ships: Monitor and Merrimac

22.6 Vicksburg1. Union built enough iron-clad ships, like the

Monitor, to maintain naval blockade of the Confederacy.

2. On July 4, 1863, the city of Vicksburg surrendered and Union forces took complete control of the Mississippi and divided the Confederacy in two.

22.6: VicksburgVicksburg Animated Map with Video

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?•How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:



22.7: Fort Wagner

African American SoldiersWhite Soldiers

1. Encouraged to enlist at start of war.

2. Received regular pay.

3. If captured=Treated as prisoners.

4. Received regular training and equipment.

1. Not allowed to enlist until 1862.

2. Received less pay.

3. If captured could be killed or sold to slavery.

4. Received less training and poorer equipment.

1. Both fought bravely.

2. Both suffered high casualties.

22.7 Fort Wagner Video Links (Battle and Pre-Battle Song)

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?•How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?

Key Terms:



22.8 #1: Appomattox

1. General Grant meant to wage war on the enemy’s will to fight and ability to support an army. He would destroy everything he could to win the war. “No holds barred.”

2. Discussion: Is this an appropriate war strategy? Why/Why Not?

22.8 #2 Appomattox

Step 3: Grant battered Lee’s army at Petersburg for nine months. He finally broke through and captured Richmond, Virginia.

22.8 #3 AppomattoxHeadline: Lee Surrenders to Grant---War Finally Over!

Who: General Robert E. Lee (Confederate) and General Ulysses S. Grant (Union)

What: Lee surrenders to Grant and war is over.

Grant ordered men to treat Confederates with respect.

Lee accepts Grants terms.

Where: Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

When: April 9, 1865.

22.8 AppomattoxDiscuss question #4: There are many important results of the Civil War. Which do you think was the most important, and why?

Appomattox: The Surrender on Vimeo

Claim, Support, QuestionWhat were Lee and Grant thinking during this meeting?

What do you think their emotions were?

Learning Goals:1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership?3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war?4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war?5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause?8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war?

9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?Key Terms:



Chapter 22: The Civil War What factors and events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 22: The Civil War What factors and events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?