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Análisis e interpretación de la obra arquitectónica Introducción a la Historia del Arte Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS

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Análisis e interpretación de la obra arquitectónica

Introduccióna la Historia del Arte

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Análisis e interpretaciónde la obra arquitectónicaINTRODUCCIÓN: LA ARQUITECTURA

1. REPRESENTACIÓN DE LAS FORMAS ARQUITECTÓNICAS

2. ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOS2.1. Los materiales2.2. Elementos sustentantes2.3. Elementos sustentados

3. ELEMENTOS NO TÉCNICOS3.1. La decoración3.2. El espacio y la proporción3.3. La Luz3.4. La finalidad del edificio3.5. El entorno

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ANÁLISIS E INTERPRETACIÓNDE LA OBRA ARQUITETÓNICA

Representación de lasformas arquitectónicas

Elementostécnicos

Elementosno técnicos

Los materiales

Elementos sustentantes

Elementos sustentados

La decoración

El espacioy la proporción

La luz

La finalidad del edificio

El entorno

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Introducción: La arquitectura

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LA ARQUITECTURA

Crear espaciosinteriores

Elementossostenidos

Elementossustentantes

Dificultadesconstructivas

Consecuencia delos elementos sostenidos

Condicionanel estilo

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1. Representación de las formas arquitectónicas

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REPRESENTACIÓN DE LASFORMAS ARQUITECTÓNICAS

Plantas Secciones Fachadas Proyecciones

Detalles deledificio en un

plano horizontal

Tipos deplantas

Longitudinales

Transversales

Cuerpos

Calles

Vanos

Portadas

Decoración

Todos losaspectosanteriores

Fotografías

Exteriores

Interiores

Ejelongitudinal

Ejecentralizado

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Planta de la Catedral de Santiago de CompostelaPlanta de la Catedral de Santiago de Compostela

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Sección y planta de la Basílica de Santa Sofía de ConstantinoplaSección y planta de la Basílica de Santa Sofía de Constantinopla

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Fachada de Notre-Dame de París

Fachada de Notre-Dame de París

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Fachada de la Catedral de CuencaFachada de la Catedral de Cuenca

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Proyección de la Catedral de Saint-Sernin de ToulouseProyección de la Catedral de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse

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Planta, sección y fachada de la Lonja de ValenciaPlanta, sección y fachada de la Lonja de Valencia

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2. Elementos técnicos

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSEN LA ARQUITECTURA

Los materiales Elementos sustentantes Elementos sustentados

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.1. Los materiales

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSLOS MATERIALES

Materiales constructivostradicionales

Materiales de loselementos decorativos

Materiales constructivoscontemporáneos

Piedra / Mármol

Barro

Hormigón“Opus cementium”

Ladrillo“Opus latericium”

Adobe

Cerámica

Madera

Yeso

Hierro / Acero

Hormigónarmado

Cristal

Nuevosmateriales

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Cromlech de StonehengeCromlech de Stonehenge

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El Partenón en la Acrópolis de AtenasEl Partenón en la Acrópolis de Atenas

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Calle de PompeyaCalle de Pompeya

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ZiguratZigurat

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Basílica de Majencio en RomaBasílica de Majencio en Roma

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Salón de Embajadores de la Alambra de Granada

Salón de Embajadores de la Alambra de Granada

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Torre Eiffel de ParísTorre Eiffel de París

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Museo Salomón Guggenheim de Nueva York de Frank Lloyd WrightMuseo Salomón Guggenheim de Nueva York de Frank Lloyd Wright

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Museo Guggenheim de Bilbao de Frank O’GheriMuseo Guggenheim de Bilbao de Frank O’Gheri

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.2. Elementos sustentantes

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ELEMENTOS SUSTENTANTESEN LA ARQUITECTURA

Muros Vanos Columnas Pilares

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.2. Elementos sustentantes

A) Muros

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTANTES

Los muros

Aparejo irregular Aparejo regular

Ciclópeo

Mampostería

Sillarejo

Sillería

Isódomo

A soga y tizón

Almohadillado

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Murallas de TirintoMurallas de Tirinto

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Restos de viviendas ibéricasRestos de viviendas ibéricas

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Iglesia de San Miguel de LilloIglesia de San Miguel de Lillo

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Templo de Atenea Nike en la Acrópolis de AtenasTemplo de Atenea Nike en la Acrópolis de Atenas

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Ponte BibeiPonte Bibei

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Palacio de Carlos V en la Alhambra de Granada de MachucaPalacio de Carlos V en la Alhambra de Granada de Machuca

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.2. Elementos sustentantes

B) Vanos: puertas y ventanas

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTANTES

Los vanos:puertas y ventanas

Principales elementos Otros elementos

GeminadasUmbral / Alféizar

Jambas

Dintel

Abocinadas

Arcos

Arquivoltasen las abocinadas

Alfiz

Parteluz

Tímpano

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Portada de la Catedral de Notre-Dame de ParísPortada de la Catedral de Notre-Dame de París

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Mihrab de la Mezquita de Córdoba

Mihrab de la Mezquita de Córdoba

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.2. Elementos sustentantes

C) Columnas

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTANTES

Las columnas

Definición Tipos Elementos

Elemento sustentantevertical de

sección circular

Proporcionesescultóricas

Como elementoconstructivo

Aisladas comoelemento decorativo

Órdenes clásicos

Basa

Fuste

Capitel

Columnasexentas

Columnasadosadas

Dórico

Toscano

Jónico

Corintio

Compuesto

Cariátidesy Atlantes

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Templo de Poseidón en PaestumTemplo de Poseidón en Paestum

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Columna TrajanaColumna Trajana

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Maison Carrée de NimesMaison Carrée de Nimes

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Órdenes ClásicosÓrdenes Clásicos

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El Partenón en la Acrópolis de AtenasEl Partenón en la Acrópolis de Atenas

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Orden ToscanoOrden Toscano

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Fachada oriental del Erecteion del Acrópolis de AtenasFachada oriental del Erecteion del Acrópolis de Atenas

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Templo de Zeus Olímpico en AtenasTemplo de Zeus Olímpico en Atenas

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Orden CompuestoOrden Compuesto

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Pórtico de las Cariátides del Erecteion del Acrópolis de AtenasPórtico de las Cariátides del Erecteion del Acrópolis de Atenas

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.2. Elementos sustentantes

D) Pilares

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTANTES

Los pilares

Definición Tipos Órdenes Clásicos

elemento sustentantevertical

de sección poligonal

En los pilaresno se utilizanlos órdenes

En las pilastras y retropilastras

sí se usan

Cuadrado

Cruciforme

Baquetonado

Pilastra

Retropilastra

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Templo de la Reina Hatshepsut en Deir-el-BahariTemplo de la Reina Hatshepsut en Deir-el-Bahari

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Interior de la Catedral de Santiago de Compostela

Interior de la Catedral de Santiago de Compostela

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Interior de la Sainte Chapelle de París

Interior de la Sainte Chapelle de París

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Panteón de Agripa de Roma

Panteón de Agripa de Roma

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.3. Elementos sustentados

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ELEMENTOS SUSTENTADOSEN LA ARQUITECTURA

Cubierta adintelada Cubierta abovedada

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.3. Elementos sustentados

A) Cubierta adintelada

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTADOS

La cubierta adinteladao arquitrabada

DefiniciónPartes en

Arquitectura ClásicaÓrdenes Clásicos

Dintel es todoelemento sostenido

horizontal

Distintas característicasen sus elementossegún los órdenes

Entablamento

Empujesverticales Arquitrabe

Friso

Cornisa

Frontón

Dórico

Jónicoy Corintio

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Órdenes ClásicosÓrdenes Clásicos

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Tesoro de los Atenienses en DelfosTesoro de los Atenienses en Delfos

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Templo de Atenea Nike del Acrópolis de AtenasTemplo de Atenea Nike del Acrópolis de Atenas

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Reconstrución del Partenón en Nashville (USA)Reconstrución del Partenón en Nashville (USA)

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.3. Elementos sustentados

B) Cubierta abovedada

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ELEMENTOS SUSTENTADOSEN LA ARQUITECTURA

Cubierta abovedada

Arcos Bóvedas Cúpulas

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.3. Elementos sustentados

B) Cubierta abovedada+ Arcos

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTADOS

La cubierta abovedadaLos arcos

Definición ElementosTipos

según situaciónElemento sostenidocurvo constituido

por dovelasSegún su situaciónDovelas

Vector verticaldel peso desaparece

Empujesoblicuos

Impostas

Salmer

Clave

Luz

Intradós

Trasdós

Tipologíasmás comunes

Tipologíasmás comunes

Medio punto

Peraltado

Apuntadou ojival

De herradura

Lobulado

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Arcos: empujesArcos: empujes

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Arcos: elementosArcos: elementos

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Planta de Santa Fe de ConquesPlanta de Santa Fe de Conques

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Interior de Santa Fe de Conques

Interior de Santa Fe de Conques

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Sección de Santa Fe de ConquesSección de Santa Fe de Conques

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Tipos de arcos (A)Tipos de arcos (A)

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Tipos de arcos (B)Tipos de arcos (B)

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.3. Elementos sustentados

B) Cubierta abovedada+ Bóvedas

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTADOS

La cubierta abovedadaLas bóvedas

Definición Tipos

Son engendradaspor movimiento

de traslación del arco

Falsa bóveda De medio cañón

Anular De arista

De cuarto de cañónDe crucería

u ojial

De arcos cruzados Apuntada

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Bóvedas de medio cañón y de aristaBóvedas de medio cañón y de arista

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Bóveda ojival, de crucería y estrelladaBóveda ojival, de crucería y estrellada

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Sección de una catedral gótica

Sección de una catedral gótica

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2. Elementos técnicos

2.3. Elementos sustentados

B) Cubierta abovedada+ Cúpulas

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ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOSELEMENTOS SUSTENTADOS

La cubierta abovedadaLas cúpulas

Definición Partes

Son engendradaspor el movimientorotatorio del arco

Tambor

Cúpula

Linterna

Toman el nombredel arco

que la engendra

La más comúnes la cúpula

de media naranja

Tipos

Cúpulasobre trompas

Cúpulasobre pechinas

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Exterior de la Cúpula de San Pedro del VaticanoExterior de la Cúpula de San Pedro del Vaticano

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Interior de la Cúpula de San Pedro del VaticanoInterior de la Cúpula de San Pedro del Vaticano

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Tipos de cúpulasTipos de cúpulas

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3. Elementos no técnicos

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ELEMENTOS NO TÉCNICOSEN ARQUITECTURA

La decoraciónEl espacio

y la proporciónLa luz

La finalidaddel edificio

El entorno

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3. Elementos no técnicos

3.1. La decoración

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LA DECORACIÓN

Señalar qué domina

Lo arquitectónico Lo decorativo

Describirla

© Jesús A. Manzaneque CaseroI.E.S. “Isabel Martínez Buendía” de Pedro Muñoz (Ciudad Real)

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Monasterio de El Escorial de Juan de HerreraMonasterio de El Escorial de Juan de Herrera

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Fachada de la Catedral de Notre-Dame de ParísFachada de la Catedral de Notre-Dame de París

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3. Elementos no técnicos

3.2. El espacio y la proporción

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EL ESPACIO YLA PROPORCIÓN

La Arquitectura delimitay aísla el espacio

Comentario del espacioy sus proporciones

Equilibradas Colosales

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Vía de las tumbas de PompeyaVía de las tumbas de Pompeya

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Pirámide escalonada de Djoser en Saqqara

Pirámide escalonada de Djoser en Saqqara

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3. Elementos no técnicos

3.3. La luz

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LA LUZ

Tipo deiluminación

Característicasde la iluminación

Análisis de los vanos

Abundancia Distribución Tamaño

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Comparativa de los interiores de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse y la Catedral de AmiensComparativa de los interiores de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse y la Catedral de Amiens

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3. Elementos no técnicos

3.4. La finalidad del edificio

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FINALIDAD DEL EDIFICIO

Funeraria Religiosa

Civil Conmemorativa

Militar Lúdica

Obras públicasy de ingeniería

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Pirámides de Keops, Kefrén y Mikerinos en GizaPirámides de Keops, Kefrén y Mikerinos en Giza

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Mezquita-Catedral de CórdobaMezquita-Catedral de Córdoba

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La Alhambra y El Palacio de Carlos V en GranadaLa Alhambra y El Palacio de Carlos V en Granada

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Arco de Tito en RomaArco de Tito en Roma

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Puerta del Sol de ToledoPuerta del Sol de Toledo

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Teatro romano de MéridaTeatro romano de Mérida

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Pont du Gard en NimesPont du Gard en Nimes

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3. Elementos no técnicos

3.5. El entorno

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EL ENTORNO

Comentario del espacio externoen el que se encuentra

Natural Urbano

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Ciudad de las Artes y de las Ciencias de Valencia de Santiago CalatravaCiudad de las Artes y de las Ciencias de Valencia de Santiago Calatrava

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