Ch. 9 Civil War

Section 2 The Early Stages

Key: (U) Union, (C) Confederate

Mobilizing the Troops• Lincoln under pressure to strike quickly• Confederate troops were gathering 25mi. south

(Manassas Junction)• Union pushed (C) back ~Bull Run~

• South reinforcements came in under Thomas J. Jackson “Stonewall”

• Union fell back• (U) defeated at the 1st battle of Bull Run• Significance: Pointed out (U) needed a well trained

army• 1863 congress introduced a national draft

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)(1st Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

The Naval War• Union Navy became operational against the south

• 1861 Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of Confederate Ports• 1862 Union sealed off every major S. Harbor along Atlantic Coast

except Charleston SC and Wilmington NC• Blockade:

• (blockade runners): small fast vessels the south used to smuggle goods past the blockade usually at night

• Blockade effective as time passed-Union vessels were thinly spread and found it difficult to stop runners

• (C) ships in foreign ports attacked N. merchant ships at sea• Alabama and Florida-destroyed 28 merchant ships • Captured 64 ships before a (U) warship sank it off the coast of France

1864

Farragut Captures New Orleans • (U) was preparing to seize New Orleans and gain

control of the Lower Mississippi• Feb. 1862 David Farragut took command of (U) forces

led by Gen. Benjamin Butler• Bombarded S. forts with no success• At 2am April 24,1862 ships headed up river, single file,

exposing themselves to attack- all but four ships survived

• April 25, 1862 he arrived at New Orleans- Butler’s troops took control of the city• Significance: South’s largest city-center of cotton trade

The Monitor vs.

the Merrimac

The Battle of the Ironclads,The Battle of the Ironclads,March, 1862March, 1862

The War in the West• Grant began a campaign to seize control of two rivers the

Cumberland River and Tennessee River• Control of the two would give (U) a route deep into (C) territory

• 1st Grant seized Ft. Henry, surrounded Ft. Donelson and Ft. Henry• Shiloh

• Grant’s next move was to seize Corinth Mississippi• Would cut the only rail line connecting Mississippi and W. Tennessee

• April 6,1862 (C) launched a surprise attack on Grant’s troops near Shiloh (sm. Church)

• Grant raced to battle (U) forced back-rushed rushed around battlefield and assembled a defensive line fighting off repeated (C) attacks

• Grant’s commanders advised him to retreat-he refused-went on the offensive the next day

• Shiloh shocked people-20,000 were killed or wounded

War in the West

• Murfreesboro• (C) troops evacuated-shifted east by railroad to Chattanooga

placed under command of Braxton Bragg-into Kentucky• Kentucky invasion failed-stopped at the Battle of Perryville• Buell (U) ordered to seize Chattanooga

• He was slow-Lincoln fired him-replaced with Rosecrans (U) lines fell back-ended inconclusively

• 4 days later Bragg retreated

The War in the East• Major campaign to capture Richmond

• General George McClellan lead (U) army• Moved his troops by ship to the mouth of the James River• Cautious-unwilling to attack without overwhelming strength

• Mistake #1-took to long to capture Yorktown-(C) had time to move into position at Richmond

• Mistake #2-allowed his forces to be divided by Chickahominy River• (C) Johnston- attacked, inflicted heavy casualties

• He was wounded put Lee in command• June 1862 Lee begins Seven Days Battle

• Heavy casualties-forced McClellan to retreat• Lincoln ordered withdrawal

The War in the East• Second Battle of Bull Run

• McClellan withdrew-Lee decided to attack near Washington• Led to another Bull Run• South forced north to retreat-Lee crossed into Maryland began attack

on North

• Battle of Antietam• Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee decided an invasion would

result in North accepting Southern independence, British recognition and support and Peace Democrats winning a midterm election

• September 17, 1862-McClellan order his troops to attack• Bloodiest 1 day battle• (U) inflicted so many casualties Lee forced to retreat• Crucial victory for (U)

September 17, 1862September 17, 1862

23,000 casualties23,000 casualties

Emancipation Proclamation• Democrats opposed to ending slavery• Republicans divided

• Many abolitionists• Others thought it risky

• North began thinking slavery had to end b/c it would punish the south and justify soldiers sacrifices

• Lincoln said if the (U) drove the south from north soil he would issue a proclamation

• Sept. 22, 1862 Lincoln publicly announced Emancipation Proclamation• Only freed slaves in the states at war with the Union• Transferred the War into a war of liberation

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863