Ch. 5: Causes of the Civil WarCh. 5: Causes of the Civil War

A WORLD APARTA WORLD APARTLesson 1:Lesson 1:

Immigrants

OtherAmericans

United States Population, 1860United States Population, 1860

EnslavedPeople

Immigrants

OtherAmericans

THE NORTH

THE SOUTH

A Look at the Viewpoints of A Look at the Viewpoints of SlaverySlavery

THE NORTHTHE NORTH Most of the people Most of the people

were farmers, but were farmers, but manufacturing was manufacturing was popularpopular

Saw slavery as Saw slavery as unjust and cruelunjust and cruel

Most immigrants Most immigrants did all of the work did all of the work and conditions and conditions were terrible, but were terrible, but people were free.people were free.

THE SOUTHTHE SOUTH Most of the people Most of the people

were farmers and were farmers and cotton was the cotton was the major crop.major crop.

Saw slavery as fair Saw slavery as fair and a necessary and a necessary part of lifepart of life

All slaves were All slaves were bought and sold by bought and sold by slave owners and slave owners and had no freedom . had no freedom .

Attempts to Resist SlaveryAttempts to Resist Slavery In 1808, Congress made importing In 1808, Congress made importing

slaves illegal. But slavery still slaves illegal. But slavery still continued.continued.

Slave rebellions began to increase.Slave rebellions began to increase. The most famous was the rebellion of The most famous was the rebellion of

Nat Turner.Nat Turner. Frederick Douglass who was born as Frederick Douglass who was born as

a slave spoke out against slavery. He a slave spoke out against slavery. He became a major leader in helping to became a major leader in helping to end slavery.end slavery.

““Let Us Free!”Let Us Free!” Although slavery increased in the Although slavery increased in the

South, over 400,000 African South, over 400,000 African Americans were living in the U.S.Americans were living in the U.S.

Many were freed in the North by their Many were freed in the North by their masters or by buying their freedom.masters or by buying their freedom.

Even though slaves were free, they Even though slaves were free, they still faced prejudices. still faced prejudices.

In order to deal with the unfair In order to deal with the unfair treatment, ex-slaves set up treatment, ex-slaves set up organizations. (churches and organizations. (churches and communities)communities)

Conflicts Between the StatesConflicts Between the States

The different economies in the North The different economies in the North and South led to disagreements and South led to disagreements between the states about tariffs.between the states about tariffs.

Tariffs Tariffs are taxes on imported goods. are taxes on imported goods. When the prices of goods went up, When the prices of goods went up,

southerners blamed it on tariffs and southerners blamed it on tariffs and the North.the North.

States’ RightsStates’ Rights

One southerner, John C. Calhoun thought One southerner, John C. Calhoun thought that the government did not have the right that the government did not have the right to create tariffs. Therefore, he argued for to create tariffs. Therefore, he argued for states’ rights. states’ rights.

States’ rights States’ rights is the idea that states, not the is the idea that states, not the federal government, should make the final federal government, should make the final decision about matters that affect them. decision about matters that affect them.

This argument led to sectionalism.This argument led to sectionalism. SectionalismSectionalism is loyalty to one part of the is loyalty to one part of the

country and not the other. country and not the other.

The Fight for EqualityThe Fight for EqualityThe Struggle for The Struggle for

FreedomFreedom

Lesson 2Lesson 2

The AbolitionistsThe Abolitionists

An An abolitionistabolitionist is someone who works is someone who works to end slavery.to end slavery.

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison: Began the : Began the newspaper newspaper The Liberator The Liberator that spoke that spoke out against slavery.out against slavery.

Angelina and Sarah GrimkeAngelina and Sarah Grimke’: First ’: First women to speak publicly against women to speak publicly against slavery.slavery.

Other AbolitionistsOther Abolitionists

The Underground RailroadThe Underground Railroad

The Underground The Underground Railroad was a Railroad was a system of secret system of secret routes that escaping routes that escaping slaves followed to slaves followed to freedom.freedom.

The Underground The Underground Railroad ran with the Railroad ran with the help of people who help of people who believed slavery was believed slavery was wrong.wrong.

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Nicknamed Nicknamed MosesMoses

““Conductor” on Conductor” on the Underground the Underground RailroadRailroad

Escaped slaveryEscaped slavery Freed more than Freed more than

three hundred three hundred slavesslaves

Women Speak OutWomen Speak Out Women did not have Women did not have

many rights in the many rights in the 1800’s. They could 1800’s. They could not vote, own land, not vote, own land, and many colleges and many colleges were closed to were closed to women.women.

To protest, women To protest, women gathered in Seneca gathered in Seneca Falls, NY to have a Falls, NY to have a convention. convention.

The Seneca Falls The Seneca Falls convention was led convention was led by Lucretia Mott and by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton.Elizabeth Stanton.

““Ain’t I A Woman?”Ain’t I A Woman?”

Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth spoke out against spoke out against the evils of slavery the evils of slavery through speeches, through speeches, books, and poetry.books, and poetry.

Her most famous Her most famous speech was “Ain’t I speech was “Ain’t I a Woman?”a Woman?”

The Nation Heads for The Nation Heads for WarWar

Lesson 3Lesson 3

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

To keep a balance between slave To keep a balance between slave states and free states, Congress states and free states, Congress passed the passed the Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise. .

The compromise created an The compromise created an imaginary line from east to west. All imaginary line from east to west. All states north, except for Missouri, states north, except for Missouri, were free. All states south were slave were free. All states south were slave states.states.

Congress CompromisesCongress Compromises

After Missouri joined, California wanted After Missouri joined, California wanted to join too. to join too.

The The Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 would allow would allow California to join the union as a free California to join the union as a free state but in return the free states had state but in return the free states had to observe the to observe the Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law..

The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 would The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 would require police in free state to capture require police in free state to capture slaves escaping from slave states.slaves escaping from slave states.

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act This law allowed This law allowed

Kansas and Nebraska Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide territories to decide for themselves if they for themselves if they wanted to allow wanted to allow slavery.slavery.

Most of the farmers Most of the farmers opposed slavery and opposed slavery and started the Republican started the Republican Party. Party.

Abraham Lincoln was Abraham Lincoln was apart of this party.apart of this party.

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty is the right of is the right of people to make political decisions for people to make political decisions for themselves.themselves.

As a result the United States of As a result the United States of America was made up of free states America was made up of free states and slave states. and slave states.

Free states did not permit slavery.Free states did not permit slavery. Slave states permitted slavery.Slave states permitted slavery.

Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin

Book written by Harriet Beecher Book written by Harriet Beecher StoweStowe

Written to protest the Fugitive Slave Written to protest the Fugitive Slave LawLaw

Because of this book, many were Because of this book, many were moved to fight against slavery.moved to fight against slavery.

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

Dred Scott was a Dred Scott was a slave that wanted the slave that wanted the Supreme Court to Supreme Court to give him his freedom give him his freedom because he had lived because he had lived with his owner in a with his owner in a free state.free state.

The Supreme Court The Supreme Court ruled against Scott ruled against Scott and stated that and stated that slaves were property.slaves were property.

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid

John Brown was an abolitionist who John Brown was an abolitionist who decided to fight slavery on his own.decided to fight slavery on his own.

He began to attack a U.S. Army post He began to attack a U.S. Army post in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

Although many saw him as a hero, Although many saw him as a hero, he was caught, tried, and hung for he was caught, tried, and hung for trying to destroy the southerners’ trying to destroy the southerners’ way of life. way of life.

LESSON 4: CIVIL WAR BEGINSLESSON 4: CIVIL WAR BEGINS

SecessionSecession

Because of the disagreements over Because of the disagreements over slavery and abolitionists, such as slavery and abolitionists, such as John Brown, committing violent acts, John Brown, committing violent acts, many southerners believed that the many southerners believed that the only way to protect their states’ only way to protect their states’ rights was to rights was to secedesecede from the Union. from the Union.

SecessionSecession is when part of a country is when part of a country leaves or breaks off from the rest.leaves or breaks off from the rest.

A Divided NationA Divided Nation

Prior to the southern states seceding, Prior to the southern states seceding, Abraham Lincoln was elected president. Abraham Lincoln was elected president.

To southerners, Lincoln being elected To southerners, Lincoln being elected as president was a disaster.as president was a disaster.

Some southern states even failed to Some southern states even failed to put his name on the ballot.put his name on the ballot.

Lincoln being elected as president was Lincoln being elected as president was a major reason why the southern states a major reason why the southern states began to secede.began to secede.

Secession BeginsSecession Begins

South Carolina was the first state to South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union.secede from the Union.

After them, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, After them, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana did as well.Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana did as well.

On February 4, 1861, delegates from On February 4, 1861, delegates from these states met to form their own these states met to form their own confederation.confederation.

They called themselves the Confederacy They called themselves the Confederacy States of America. Jefferson Davis was States of America. Jefferson Davis was their president.their president.

The War Between the StatesThe War Between the States

The Civil War began because the South The Civil War began because the South wanted to secede from the Union.wanted to secede from the Union.

On April 12, 1861, the Civil War began at On April 12, 1861, the Civil War began at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.

The war was between the Union (North) and The war was between the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South).the Confederacy (South).

The Confederacy fired first.The Confederacy fired first. After 34 hours of fighting, the Union After 34 hours of fighting, the Union

surrendered. surrendered. A A civil warcivil war is a war between two groups or is a war between two groups or

regions within a nation.regions within a nation.