ceramah kimia 2012

7/27/2019 ceramah kimia 2012

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WHY LEARNCHEMISTRY


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Physical science

MatPhysicChem

Bio Science MatBioChem


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Weaknesses of students

Do not read questions carefully

Do not understand thequestions

Students are lazy to read longquestions


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11 TIPS to answer thequestions in paper 2 andpaper 3


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arrangementNa is 2.8.1

Electron arrangement of

sodium element is 2.8.1

Put copper(II)oxide powderinto hydrochloric acid


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WRITE THE CHEM ICAL FORMULA

- LETTER

- NOT EQUATION

TIPS 2


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Proton number of A and B are 9and 12 respectively. Write a

formula for compound thatformed between A and B.

BA 2

B 2+ + 2A - BA 2


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EQUATION

- BALANCE

- TYPE - ARROW

- FRACTION

- MULTIPLE

- PHYSICAL STATE

TIPS 3


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Write the chemicalequation for a reaction

between magnesiumand hydrochloric acid

2HCl + Mg MgCl 2 + H 2


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Write the ionic equationfor a reaction betweenmagnesium andhydrochloric acid

Mg + 2H + Mg 2+ + H 2


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TIPS 4 COLOUR

ONE COLOUR ADDITIONAL PROPERTY COLOUR OF WATER


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Colours of Salt

All salt are WHITE (Thesolutionis colourless )Except: *Copper(II)Salt - Blue

except CuCO 3 green *Iron(II) - Green*Iron(III) - Brown*# PbI 2 - Yellow


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Colours of Metal oxideAll metal oxide are WHITEExcept :*CuO - Black*FeO - Green *Fe 2 O 3 - Brown*ZnO - Yellow ( Hot )

- White ( Cooled ) *PbO - Brown ( Hot )

- Yellow ( Cooled )


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Colours of Metal

All metal are GREY exceptCopper and Gold areBrown


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Colours of Gas

All gas are colourlessexcept

NO 2 , Br 2 , I 2 are Brown Cl 2 is pale yellow


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TIPS 5 TERMINOLOGY

SPELLING CAPITAL LETTERS

ANODE AND CATHODE Electrochemical series


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DEFINITION OF ANODE

/CATHODE

ANODE THE PLACE THATDONATE ELECTRON

CATHODE THE PLACE THATRECEIVE ELECTRON


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Anode Cathode

Electrolysis positive negative

Chemicalcell

negative positive


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ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIESAND REACTIVITY SERIES

KNa

Ca

Mg

Al

C

Zn

H

Fe

SnPb

Cu

Hg

Ag

Au

K

Na

Ca

Mg

Al

Zn

Fe

Sn

PbH

Cu

Hg

Ag

Au

ELECTRO

CHEMICAL

SERIES

REACTIVITYSERIES


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ZnO + Mg MgO + Zn

REACTIVITY

SERIESZnCl 2 + Mg MgCl 2 + Zn

ECS


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TIPS 6 DIAGRAM

CORK SHADED HEATING DELIVERY TUBE APPARATUS SUPPORT FUNCTIONAL LABEL


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Draw set up apparatus toshow the heating of copper

(II) carbonate andconformation test for

liberated gas.


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TIPS 7 OBSERVATION

EYE PRIORITY EAR NOSE HAND CHANGE/ STATE


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Examples of observationEquation

Cu 2+ +2e Cu

Cu Cu2+

+ 2e

2H + + 2e H 2

2I - I2 + 2e

Fe 2+ Fe 3+ + e

Zn + CuSO 4

Observation

Shinny brown solid deposited

Copper rod become thinner

Gas bubbles release

Brown gas liberated

Green solution turns brown

Blue solution decolourise


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TIPS 8 CHEMICALTEST METHOD NAME OF SUBSTANCE

OBSERVATION


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Hydrogen Test Collect the gas into a test tube

Put a burning wooden splinter near to the mouth of test tube

Pop sound


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Carbon dioxide gas test

Flow the gas through limewater

Lime water becomes chalky


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TIPS 9 CALCULATION

STEP UNIT

DECIMEL POINTS mol concept


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CONCEPT OF MOLE Calculate the mass for one oxygen

molecule( RAM Oxygen ; 16 )

1 mole molecule-------------- 32 g 6 x 10 23 molecule----------- 32 g 1 molecule --------------- (32/ (6 x 10 23 )g


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TIPS 10GRAPH

- Size 75 % of graph paper - Axis/ unit- Mark the point- Smooth


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TIP 11

*Correct*Statements


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Melting point is the pointwhere solid change to liquid

Melting point is thetemperature where solidchange to liquid


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The rate of reaction of experiment 1is faster than experiment 2

The rate of reaction of

experiment 1 is higher than experiment 2


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Sodium donate electron

Sodium atom donateone electron
http://f/hyperlink/TIPS%201.pptxhttp://f/hyperlink/TIPS%201.pptx


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Magnesium is more

active than zinc

Magnesium is morereactive than zinc


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Potassium manganatesolution

Acidified potassiummanganate(VII) solution


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Polystyrene prevents heatloss.

Polystyrene can avoid heatloss

Polystyrene reduce heatloss.


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Th f i f h l


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The function of the saltbridge is to complete the

circuit and to separatetwo solution

The function of the saltbridge is to complete the

circuit by allow the ion

pass through its


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hydrocarbon is the compoundsthat contain carbon and hydrogen

hydrocarbon is the compoundsthat contain carbon and

hydrogen only


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Electron number of sodium atom is 11

The number of

electron of sodiumatom is 11

Z 2A NO Z (NO ) 2A


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Zn + 2AgNO 3 Zn(NO 3 )2 + 2Ag

Zinc displace silver ion fromits solution

Zinc displace silver from its solution


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Empirical formula is the simplest

ratio of atom of elements incompound.

Empirical formula is thechemical formula thatshow the simplest ratio of atom of elements in acompound.


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HOW TO ANSWER STRUCTURE

QUESTIONS.

READ THE QUESTIONS STUDY THE FIGURE OR DIAGRAM UNDERLINE THE FACTS AND DATA ANSWER

*DONT REPEAT THE QUESTIONS *DIRECT TO THE POINT*GIVE POINT REFER TO MARKS *FOLLOW THE TIPS*DONT GIVE MORE ANSWERS


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Structure N0 1

(i) F (ii) 2.8.8.2 (iii) E (iv) - The atom obtain octet electron

arrangement- Do not donate , receive and

share electron


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Structure No 2

a. Electrical (energy) to chemical(energy)

b. Ag+

, H+

, NO3-

, OH-

c. (i) grey solid deposited d. Ag + + e Ag e. (i) Cooper plate becomes

thinner (ii) Cu Cu 2+ + 2e


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HOW TO ANSWER ESSEYSQUESTIONS

DURATION: 1 HOUR

READ ALL QUESTIONS

CHOOSE 2 QUESTIONS1 IN PART B AND 1 IN PART C

MAKE- List the points refer to marks- Read questions

WRITE THE ANSWERS- SHORT STATEMEN- ONE STATEMENT FOR 1 ONE POINT- FOLLOW THE TIPS- Should use equations, diagram, table, graph


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Answer:

Electron arrangement of D atom is 2.4Electron arrangement of E atom is 2.6

Those are unstable in electron arrangement.

To obtain octate electron arrangementD atom contribute 4 electron to share

E atom contribute 2 electron to share

One D atom and two E atoms share four pairs of electronsto form covalent compound with formula DE 2

The bonding called double covalent bond


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Proton number of L is 19 and

proton number of J is 17. Explainhow D and E combine to formcompound refer to the electronarrangement.


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iii.+ -

Ion L + Ion J -

1.[all electrons and shells shown correctly]

2. [ atoms labeled and charges shown ] 1


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DESCRIBING AN EXPERIMENT

APPARATUS MATERIALS PROCEDURE

- SPECIFIC WAY- SUITABLE QUANTITY

- NAME OF MATERIALS- DIAGRAM

OBSERVATION/RESULT DISCUSSION

- CALCULATION- GRAPH- EQUATION

CONCLUSION


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Describe the preparation of

lead(II)sulphate in the laboratory. Inyour description, include the chemicalequation involved

[10 marks]


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- Rate of reaction exp, Ihinger than exp II-Catalyst lower theactivation energy-More colliding particlesachieve the activationenergy-Frequency of effectivecollision between H + andzinc atom increase


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(b) i


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(ii)

Volume of gas release in exp Iand II are same

No. of mol of Hydrogen ion aresame

Volume of gas release in exp III

are twice than exp II No. of mol of Hydrogen ion in

sulphuric acid are twice than

hydrochloric asid


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Knowledge about the factors that affect the rate of reaction is very useful in human l ife.

State two activities at home and explain howthe knowledge about the factors that affectthe rate of reaction is applied in the activities

mentioned.

[8marks ]

Section C


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1 - Cooking of solid food- solid food cut into small piece

- total surface area exsposed to heat

increase

- food cook faster


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2 - Cooking of food in a pressure cooker

- high pressure raises the boiling point

of water.

- cooking is carried out at a temperature

higher than 100 o C.

- food cook faster.


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3 - Storing of food in a refrigerator- temperature in refrigerator is lower

- microorganisms inactive- slow down rate of food decaying


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Statement of problem

How does the number of carbonper molecule of alcohol

affect/influence the heat of combustion? //Does the increase in the

number of carbon per moleculeof alcohol increases the heat of combustion?


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All the Variable

Manipulated variable : Differenttypes of alcohols//Different

alcohols suchas ethanol, propanol andbutanol.

Responding variable : Heat of combustion//Increase intemperature

Fixed variable : Volume of water


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Hypothesis

When the number of carbon per molecule of alcohol increases,

the heat of combustionincreases.

Substance and


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Substance andapparatus Ethonol, propanol, butanol,

water, [metal] beaker, spirit

lamp, thermometer, weighingbalance, wooden block, tripodstand, wind shield, measuringcylinder.


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Tabulation of data

Types ofalcohols

Initialtemperature/ o C

Highesttemperature/ o C

Initialmass ofspiritlamp/g

Finalmass ofspiritlamp/g

Ethanol

Propanol

Butanol


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Terima kasih

[email protected]


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Terima kasih

[email protected]

ceramah kimia 2012

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